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Entre otras muchas fuentes, Ratzinger recibió su formación de los tres grandes maestros: Agustín, Buenaventura y Tomás de Aquino. Aun rechazando una escolástica impersonal y esencialista, reconoce la autoridad del Aquinate –vista a través de un tomismo agustiniano– en la antropología, la doctrina de la gracia y de la creación, así como en la naturaleza del acto de fe y el método de la Teología. El teólogo alemán procura compatibilizar la perspectiva ontológica con la histórico-salvífica, la personalista con la metafísica. En la síntesis entre fe y razón, filosofía y teología, Ratzinger encuentra en el Aquinate un buen modelo, que se fundamenta no solo en el orden de la gracia sino también en el de la creación.

In recent years, low-dose, short-acting anesthetic agents, which replaced the former high-dose opioid regimens, offer a faster postoperative recovery and decrease the need for mechanical ventilatory support. In this study, the aim was to determine the success rate of fast-track approach in surgical procedures for congenital heart disease. There is some evidence, mostly from retrospective analyses, that fast tracking can be beneficial. Ninety-one cases with moderate complex cardiac malformations were operated with fast-track protocol during cardiothoracic charitable missions. The essential aspects of early extubation in our cohort included: selected patients with good preoperative status, good surgical result with hemodynamic stability in low dose of inotropic drugs at the end of bypass, no active bleeding. In this setting a carefull choice and dosing of anesthetic agents, alongside a good postoperative analgesia are mandatory. The authors found that an early extubation ( 4 hours) can be both effective and safe as it reduces intubation and ventilator times without increasing post-operative complications in pediatric congenital heart disease. This study supports a wider use of fast-track extubation protocols in paediatric patients submitted for congenital cardiac surgery in developing countries.

O presente artigo analisa o uso de restrições verticais que têm o intuito de influenciar e camuflar um acordo horizontal entre concorrentes. Esta prática é conhecida na jurisprudência antitruste internacional como cartel hub-and-spoke, troca de informações A-B-C ou cartel misto. Para melhor entender este conceito, este artigo é dividido em três seções. A primeira seção se destina a entender as diferenças de análise que existem entre os acordos verticais e os acordos horizontais. Na segunda, é apresentado o conceito de cartel hub-and-spoke, bem como suas classificações, racionalidade econômica e padrão de prova. Na terceira, por fim, são expostos os casos mais importantes da jurisprudência internacional sobre este tipo de cartel, bem como alguns casos brasileiros.

Este artículo muestra la evolución de los fondos de inversión desde la perspectiva de la composición de sus carteras. En el periodo 1999-2006 se observa un importante incremento de la diversificación internacional, tanto en partícipes, por el crecimiento experimentado por los fondos internacionales, como en gestores, ya que incorporan cada vez mayores porcentajes de activos internacionales en sus carteras. El dinamismo de la industria de fondos de inversión induce frecuentes cambios de categorías. Teóricamente, estos cambios se producen tras la modificación de la política de inversión. No obstante, se demuestra empíricamente que los fondos de inversión pueden abandonar una categoría por motivos más relacionados con el marketing.

2This study focused on the removal of sulphide from liquid solution using biofilm on packed bed of salak fruit seeds. Bio-filter operation of 444 hours consists of 6 phases of operation. Each phase lasted for approximately 72 hours to 82 hours and run at various inlet concentration and flow rate. The highest removal efficiency is 92.01%, at the end of phase 7 at the inlet concentration of 60 ppm and the flow rate of 30 mL min-1. Mathematic model of sulphide removal was proposed to describe the operation of bio-filter. The model proposed can be applied to describe the removal of sulphide liquid using bio-filter in packed bed. The simulation results the value of the parameters in process. The value of the rate maximum specific growth is 4.15E-8 s-1, Saturation constant is 9.1E-8 g cm-3, mass transfer coefficient of liquid is 0.5 cm s-1, Henry’s constant is 0.007, and mass of microorganisms growth to mass of sulphide consumed is 30. The value of the rate maximum specific growth in early process is 0.00000004 s-1.

Elimination of H2S in biogas was performed by bio-filtration, in which H2S degrading bacteria immobilized on the packing material inside a column. Bacteria was taken from the local area, while salak fruit seed was used as packing material because it has a quite large carbon content, porous and has a high water absorption capability. To obtain a quantitative description of the process, which is useful in the design of large-scale bio-filters, two kinetics models were proposed. Model 1 assumes intra-film gradient does not exist and the gas phase is quasi-steady-state. Model 2 assumes intra-film gradient exists and the gas phase is quasi-steady-state. Comparison of the calculation results using the two models to the experimental data suggested the use of model 2. This conclusion is based on both the trend and the accuracy. The trend of model 1 is more conceivable. However, for rough calculation, model 1 could be used for the reason that it is simpler than model 2. The average absolute errors of model 1 and 2 are comparable, approximately 6 ppm. It can also be concluded that intra-film gradient significantly affects the overall rate processes, while the gas phase can be assumed to be quasi-steady-state.

This study tried to explore the quantitative description of removal of hydroden sulphide (H2S) by bio-filtration. H2S is degraded by bacteria immobilized on the packing materials of Salak fruit seeds inside a column. Two kinetics models are proposed. In both models, the biofilm formed on the packing material is assumed to be thin, so intra-film gradient of H2S concentration can be neglected. In model 1, material balances of H2S in the bio-film as well as in the flowing gas are set-up. The growth of the bio-film is modelled by Monod’s equation. A set of three simultaneous partial differential equations are obtained. Model 2 is set-up using the same concepts as in model1, but the gas phase is assumed to be quasi-steady-state. This assumption reduces the partial differential equation in model 1 to be an ordinary differential equation which is easier to be solved. The comparisons of the results of model 1 and model 2 can be applied to justify the applications of quasi-steady-state approximation. It turned out that the differences of calculated H2S concentration results are approximately small, around 6 ppm. Hence, it can be concluded that quasi-steady-state approximation in the gas phase is suggested to be applied.

O presente trabalho é resultado de um estudo realizado pelo Grupo de Pesquisa em Lazer – GPL/UNIMEP, que teve por objetivo analisar a produção do conhecimento na área do lazer, a partir dos anais do Encontro Nacional de Recreação e Lazer – ENAREL. A metodologia adotada no trabalho foi do tipo qualitativo, a partir da pesquisa bibliográfica, tendo como método o estudo exploratório, realizado nos anais do referido evento no período de 1991 a 2008. O material que deu origem a este artigo é referente às análises textuais e temáticas de 194 trabalhos relacionados a “lazer e políticas públicas” apresentados nas edições do referido evento, desde 1991, na forma de comunicações orais, que foram tratadas a partir de abordagem qualitativa. Observou- se que a qualidade dos trabalhos científicos assim como as ações e programas relacionados ao lazer apontaram o amadurecimento das reflexões com o desenvolvimento das edições do ENAREL, ao longo dos anos. Os resultados apresentados neste estudo procuram contribuir para a formação de banco de dados referente ao tema, assim como para a organização histórica da trajetória dos estudos do lazer no Brasil.

RESUMO: Parte de uma pesquisa de campo, realizada junto ao grupo Dança Comunidade, como um estudo de caso, este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar se a dança vista na interface entre os conteúdos artísticos, sociais e físico-esportivos do lazer pode ou não contribuir para a inserção de jovens da periferia das grandes cidades. A pesquisa nos mostrou que alguns jovens conseguiram autonomia financeira, tornaram-se reconhecidos na sua comunidade, perceberam que através da dança suas vidas mudaram, conheceram outras culturas, alteraram sua visão de mundo e superaram obstáculos para chegar a uma nova situação social. A pesquisa, portanto, demonstrou que a dança como possibilidade de lazer, contribuiu para a inserção desses jovens na sociedade. LIFE PORTRAITS: REPORTS OF COMMUNITY DANCE´S TEENAGERS ABSTRACT: Part of a field research, developed with the group Community Dance, as a case study, this work had as its objective to verify if the dance, comprehended in the interface among the artistic, social, and physic-sportive contents of leisure, can or cannot contribute to the insertion of teenagers from the suburbs in the big cities. The research has showed us that some teenagers have gotten financial autonomy, have become recognized in their community, have realized that through the dance their lives have changed, have known other cultures, have changed their world view and have overcome obstacles to get to a new social situation. The research, therefore, has demonstrated that the dance, as a leisure possibility, has contributed to the insertion of these teenagers in the society.