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Résumé : Cet article vise à stimuler le débat sur ce que certains considèrent comme une baisse du niveau de français des élèves comoriens. Cette observation est unilatérale car, au contraire, enrichis et stimulés par les moyens à leur disposition et les opportunités offertes par les innovations technologiques, ces élèves ont un niveau de langue française bien meilleur que leurs aînés en 1980. Cette baisse de niveau perçue émane de la vision traditionnelle qui accorde toute l'importance au français écrit en abandonnant délibérément le côté des compétences orales. Une langue se parle d'abord avant d'être écrite. Il est donc nécessaire de revoir la manière dont les compétences en langue française des élèves comoriens sont évaluées. Peu contextualisé, l'enseignement du français évolue lentement dans la mesure où l'enseignant modèle encore ses pratiques sur un système déjà incompatible avec les réalités actuelles. Le français est la langue de l'administration et la première langue officielle du pays. Les difficultés rencontrées dans son apprentissage peuvent être remédiées sur plusieurs facteurs, notamment la réhabilitation des programmes d'enseignement, la formation des enseignants et la lutte contre l'absentéisme. Il est également nécessaire de savoir modérer les tempéraments afin de mieux repenser l'éducation. Mots-clés : enseignement, apprentissage, éducation, baisse de niveau, action, remédiation.

Cette étude a deux objectifs : (1) déterminer les caractéristiques de l’enseignement efficace de point de vue des enseignants du supérieur ; et (2) identifier leur conception quant à ce concept. Les auteurs ont tenté d'atteindre ces objectifs par le biais d’une enquête. Douze enseignants universitaires, du département des sciences de la vie de la faculté des sciences, ont été sollicités répondre à un questionnaire qualitatif. Les résultats nous ont permis d’énumérer 23 caractéristiques de l’enseignement efficace. Leur répartition en catégories, nous a permis de conclure que les enseignants constituant notre échantillon adoptent une conception d’enseignement efficace axée sur l’étudiant.

Cette étude vise la connaissance des représentations des étudiants de la première année Master du département de français de l’université de Saïda vis-à-vis de la possibilité du maintien de l’activité de l’oral à l’ère de la COVID-19. Dans le cadre formel de cette enquête, il a été évalué chez ces étudiants, la maîtrise des outils numériques mis en place dans le but d’assurer une continuité de formation. De même, un intérêt particulier a été accordé à l’exploitation de l’image comme support didactique pour un enseignement / apprentissage de la compétence orale. Au cours de cette enquête, les étudiants ont pris conscience de l’intégration de ces moyens numériques, qui sont en cours d’adaptation dans leur vie estudiantine. L’image joue un rôle très important dans le déclenchement de situations verbales authentiques en permettant le développement de la compétence orale.

L’espace architectural hospitalier notamment l’espace d’accueil et d’attente, de par sa nature, est un lieu sensible et assezcomplexe. En Algérie, cet espace présente une panoplie de problèmes d’ordre sociétal, fonctionnel, spatial, ambiantal, visuel ethumain. La question du confort des usagers et notamment celle du confort visuel reste problématique. L'objectif de ce travail est deproposer un modèle de qualification du degré de confort visuel des usagers généré à partir de dix paramètres physiques choisisobtenus, d'un côté grâce à la caractérisation de la qualité de l’ambiance lumineuse c'est le cas de "la luminance / le contraste deluminances et les cinq indices de l'éblouissement gênant (DGP1, VCP2, UGR3, DGI4 et CGI5)" et d'un autre côté grâce à lacaractérisation de la visibilité selon quatre propriétés des isovistes “surface, périmètre, occlusivité et compacité” obtenus à partir del’analyse syntaxique “isoviste”. Le corpus d'étude regroupe dix-neuf scènes reflétant les espaces d’accueil et d’attente des services des urgences, de chirurgie générale et de médecine interne dans trois hôpitaux à Sétif6 - Algérie. L’outil principal d’investigation étant une simulation par logiciels sur la base des supports graphiques et visuels : plans relevés et photographies HDR des espaces étudiés prises durant la période estivale. Les résultats montrent que l’espace est le facteur déterminant qui conditionne le confort visuel des usagers et influence leur degré de satisfaction, comme ils confirment que le modèle proposé a prouvé que l’espace et sa configurationprésentent la matière première qui doit être maitrisée et contrôlée en amont afin de contrôler l'ambiance lumineuse et la visibilité.Nous jugeant que ce modèle expérimental combinant l’utilisation à la fois des techniques et analyses de la théorie de la SyntaxeSpatiale et les atouts des photographies HDR est un outil qui peut être appliqué sur d'autres espaces architecturaux.

The objective of this paper is to highlight the role that strategic intelligence could play, as a catalyst for anticipatory information, in the management of export risks in SMEs and the skills that leaders and entrepreneurs must have to succeed in their information behaviors. The theoretcal contribution of this work lies in the implementaton of a new conceptualization of the strategic intlligence system, hitherto limited to the factors influencing its implementation among senior managers, in the analysis of its interaction with environmental sectors. The use of strategic intelligence in SMEs instead of outsourcing it to external organizations, of relational capital instead of physical capital, of information resources instead of financial and technical resources offers a new organizational and strategic mode of operation for SMEs operating in international markets with inherent risks

In order to obtain new performing barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties in semi-arid zone, F2 barley lines resulting from the crossing between the local variety cv. Tichedrett and French introduced variety cv. Express were used in experimentation to obtain barley doubled haploids lines (HDs). On forty-eight (DH0) lines, produced and placed in first generation (DH1) in nursery of observations in a sub-humid zone, eighteen (18) showed a loading resistance and disease tolerance. These lines were retained and evaluated, in second generation (DH2), in unfavorable conditions of a semi-arid zone. Gains and decrease in performance, toward both parents, were registered for all the characters analyzed. Several lines exceeded the local parent for several characters, the DH14, DH38, DH16 lines for awn length in which the most important gain reached (+23, 60%), DH38 TEF2 line for spike length (+24,58%), DH16 (+ 61,78) and DH19 (+58,79) lines for gain yield. Moreover, two lines, DH15 and DH16, showed themselves promising, they were transgressive for several characters and exceed the value of both parents in the positive way. It is concerning DH15 for spike grain yield, grain yield and for biological yield and DH16 line for biological yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The three-dimensional problem of the fracture for the single edge notched tension plate (SENT) of orthotropic material is considered in this paper. The finite element solution is used to evaluate the singular and non-singular terms of the William series, i.e. Stress intensity factor (SIF) and T-stresses namely T11, T13 and T33. Based on the obtained numerical results, a fitting procedure is performed in order to propose analytical formulations giving the fracture parameters near the crack tip. The obtained results are in good agreement with the finite elements calculation and other literature results.

The cultural heritage represents the most important foundation for creating and maintaining identity; “Heritage is what contemporary society inherits and passes on; thus, it does not represent only the past but also the present use of the past” (Laura Di Pietro et al, 2018, p. 97).Identity and Contemporary are the problems of every civilization. Identity is defined as consisting of “customary practice and of beliefs, values, sanctions, rules, motives and satisfactions associated whit it” (Jensen et al, 2011, p. 286). Life can never be satisfied in the old past, despite its origin and originality separate from his present, and impossible to live and grow outside the womb of his assets without identity; therefore, it was necessary for The genius civilization to live its present depends on its authentic identity in a modern and sophisticated spirit that takes from its past to lead its future.The research discusses the problem of loss of identity in the designs on the Arab and Islamic architecture and especially on contemporary mosques in Algeria characterized by an architectural weakness on their spatial organization, mihrabs, minarets, domes and others; where non-observance of values and aesthetic design of proportions and dimensions and measurements at simulation Heritage styles which could lead to loss of identity design. Importance & problem of the research: Therefore the search problem defined in:- The need to disclose the impact of the Islamic art in the ideology and philosophy. - The rare of studies that clearly link between identity and developments in contemporary mosques in Algeria.Objectives of the research: the research aims to:- Determine the most important characteristics of Islamic art and architecture.- Taking of conscience by future generations, of the singularity and the beauty of Islamic art in order to preserve it.- The discovery of the original aspect of Islamic architecture in order to combine "Authenticity" and "Creativity" when designing new mosques in Algeria.

Résumé Introduction Les mutations du gène de la calréticuline (CALR) ont été récemment décrites dans les thrombocytémies essentielles (TE) et les myélofibroses primitives non mutées pour JAK2 ou MPL. L’objectif de cette étude était de comparer les caractéristiques clinico-biologiques d’une série monocentrique de patients atteints de TE en fonction de leur statut mutationnel. Méthodes Quarante patients atteints de TE et suivis en consultation d’hématologie ont été inclus. La recherche de la mutation JAK2 V617F a été effectuée par PCR quantitative. La technique utilisée pour la détection des mutations CALR était le séquençage direct après amplification de l’exon 9. Résultats Parmi les 40 patients analysés, 23 (57,5 %) avaient la mutation V617F de JAK2, 12 des 17 patients sans mutation JAK2 avaient des mutations CALR, aucun patient n’était muté sur le gène MPL et 5 étaient triple négatifs. Cinq types de mutations CALR ont été identifiés avec prédominance de la délétion de 52 pb et l’insertion de 5 pb (7/12 et 2/12 respectivement). L’incidence des accidents thrombotiques au moment du diagnostic était significativement plus élevée au cours des TE mutées JAK2 ( p < 0,05). Sur le plan biologique, les patients mutés CALR avaient un chiffre de plaquettes significativement plus élevé ( p < 0,01) et un taux d’hémoglobine significativement plus bas ( p < 0,05) que ceux présentant la mutation JAK2 V617F. Conclusion La recherche des mutations JAK2 et CALR au cours des TE a un intérêt diagnostique certain. Chaque mutation confère un profil phénotypique distinct dont l’impact pronostique reste à confirmer. Background Somatic mutations in the calreticulin gene (CALR) were recently described in essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis with non-mutated JAK2 or MPL. The aim of this single-center study was to compare the clinical and biological features of ET patients according to their mutational status. Methods We included 40 patients with ET followed in hematology consultation. The JAK2 V617F mutation was assessed by quantitative PCR. For the detection of CALR mutations, we performed a PCR amplification of CALR exon 9 followed by direct sequencing. Results Among 40 study patients, 23 (57.5%) harbored V617F JAK2, 12 of the 17 patients without JAK2 mutation harbored CALR, no patient expressed MPL mutation and 5 were negative for all three mutations. Five types of mutations were identified with predominance of 52 bp deletion and 5 bp insertion (7/12 and 2/12 respectively). The incidence of thrombotic events at diagnosis was significantly higher in JAK2 mutated patients ( P < 0.05). Biologically, patients with CALR mutation had significantly higher platelet count ( P < 0.01) and significantly lower hemoglobin level ( P < 0.05) than those with V617F JAK2 mutation. Conclusion JAK2 and CALR mutation screening in ET has a diagnostic value. Each mutation displays a distinct phenotype with uncertain impact on long-term outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

INTRODUCTION: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus in the world. Prevalence of infection differs, with highest rates reported in sub-Saharan African, including the country of Tanzania. In pregnancy, the hormonal changes and immune changes seem to facilitate HPV persistence, increasing the cancer risk and the risk of vertical transmission towards the placenta and the fetus. The burden of HPV infection is still high despite multiple screening and detection test available. The AmpFire® HPV assay is a novel nucleic acid isothermal amplification with real-time fluorescence detection assay that can test simultaneously 15 high-risk HPV. This nested cohort study aims to contribute evidence on the prevalence of HPV infection and persistence across two time points among pregnant women in Pemba Island, Tanzania. METHODS: vaginal swabs that were previously collected during pregnancy were stored in eNAT buffer (n1=385 and n2=187) and were tested with AmpFire® screening assay, for simultaneous detection of the HPV 16, 18 and other high-risk HPV genotypes 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68. RESULTS: the AmpFire® HPV assay detected an 11% and 6% high-risk HPV prevalence at the two time points among pregnant women in Pemba Island, consecutively. For the 133 women whose samples were tested at both time points, the persistence rate of high-risk HPV was 64%. CONCLUSION: novel isothermal HPV assay, such as the AmpFire®, might be feasible to use in low-income regions.

La conservation et la bonne gestion des espèces forestières menacées de dégradation, impose la connaissance de leurs aires de distribution potentielle et des facteurs environnementaux conditionnant leur répartition. Le présent article traite de l'identification des facteurs environnementaux régissant la répartition géographique du genévrier thurifère (Juniperus thurifera L. ssp. africana (Maire) Gauquelin & al.) au Maroc et la cartographie de son aire potentielle sous les conditions climatiques actuelles. L’approche adoptée s’est basée sur le recours à l’algorithme de maximum d’entropie. Le modèle ajusté a permis d'avoir une prédiction d’excellente qualité (AUC = 0,938). Les paramètres environnementaux les plus significatifs conditionnant la distribution du genévrier thurifère au Maroc sont la température minimale du mois le plus froid, la saisonnalité de la température et l'altitude. L’utilisation du modèle a permis d’établir la carte de l'aire potentielle. Celle-ci montre qu'une grande superficie des régions montagneuses de l'Atlas convient à l'expansion des peuplements du genévrier thurifère. L'aire de répartition actuelle ne représente que 5% de l'habitat favorable à cette espèce. Ces résultats pourraient aider les gestionnaires forestiers à mieux identifier les sites appropriés pour la réhabilitation de cette espèce vulnérable dont la superficie est en nette régression. Mots-clés : Maroc, Genévrier thurifère, Entropie maximale, MaxEnt, Modélisation, distribution des espèces, Variables bioclimatiques

This research purpose to presenting information on a smaller regional scale and comparing the conditions of each region. Researchers conducted a poverty mapping technique based on geospatial information. Utilizing the Geographic Information System (GIS) application, namely ArcMap with conversion tools techniques. Data collection techniques with literature study. The poverty level data is processed into tabulation form in the excel application. Meanwhile, the regional base map is first input into the ArcMap application to overlay all regions in one province. The product is a map of the poverty level of the district/city community in the administrative area of South Sulawesi Province. The map will show an image of the area by color category. The dark color gradation means the area with the highest poverty rate and the lightest color means the area with the lowest poverty rate. The results obtained indicate that the districts with the highest poverty rates are Makassar City and Bone District. Meanwhile, the areas with the lowest poverty rates are Barru Regency, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, Pare-Pare City and Palopo City.

Copyright of Journal of Medical Mycology / Journal de Mycologie Médicale is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Medical Mycology / Journal de Mycologie Médicale is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Medical Mycology / Journal de Mycologie Médicale is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We report the case of a patient who was initially assigned as a male, and in whom the diagnosis of CAH was delayed (17 years of age). He was shown to have female pseudohermaphrodites. Before treatment, plasma testosterone level was: 15 ng/mL (N: 0.1-0.7), 17 OH progesterone (17 OHP): 45 ng/mL (N: 0.1-1.1) and FSH, LH values were below the normal range. While taking hydrocortisone, a rapid onset of new clinical, biological and radiological findings were observed after three months: rapid menarche and thelarche occured, plasma testosterone and 17 OHP levels decreased, respectively 1 and 3.7 ng/mL, plasma FSH and LH were respectively 4.1mUI/mL (N: 1.5-7) and 14.3 m UI/mL (N: 1.1-11.7). Polycystic ovaries were shown at sonography.Authors try to discuss the mechanism of the new events observed and specially those related to the polycystic ovarian disease.In a female with untreated CAH at adult age, menarche can rapidly occur once appropriate treatment was started. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The morphology of the colonial cities in the Maghreb is characterized by certain similarities that are related to their common history. The city includes a Medina, often characterized by some alterations, a colonial city developed along a Haussmannian grid, and new extensions made up of large high-rise housing estates, known in France as “Grands Ensembles”. The aggregation of three types of urban patterns contributes to the discontinuity and fragmented character of these cities. Our exploratory study aims at analyzing this overall urban configuration in the specific context of an Algerian city, the city of Annaba (located in the east of Algeria), in terms of spatial accessibility. Our objective will be to evaluate the degree of closure and openness of the different parts of the city. This accessibility will be interpreted along several Space Syntax indicators, namely: spatial integration, intelligibility, and controllability. It is further completed by counts of the pedestrian flows along selected streets, in order to address the relationship between spatial configuration and co-presence in public open spaces.

In Morocco, the emergence of the cooperative sector in a structured and organized form dates back to the 1980s, although the culture of solidarity, mutual aid and collective work constitute a component of Moroccan culture and traditions. Indeed, social economy organizations, particularly associations and cooperatives, have rapidly developed thanks to the efforts made by the State, especially in the rural world for the financing and support of development projects, the fight against illiteracy, precariousness and poverty, the promotion and integration of women into the economic circuit. Even today and since May 18, 2005, the date of the launch of the National Human Development Initiative (INDH) by His Majesty King Mohamed VI, the aim of this study is to compare the Moroccan Model of cooperative with the other’s counties models.

In a context of globalization, the capitalist economy is no longer immune to the deluge of crises that have followed one another since the crisis subprime in the United States until the Japanese stock market crisis influencing the global economic fabric.Thus, several countries with great economic strength like France have turned to the social and solidarity economy as an alternative banning the single search for financial gain by introducing additional social and environmental components.At this advanced stage and after 10 years of launching the INDH in its second phase, why associations and cooperatives still do not manage to be autonomous, responsible and independent? Why the various training, support and communication actions remain inefficient and inoperative? Why several projects that have emerged are still overdue despite the availability of financial funds? Why is Morocco still not witnessing the emergence of this great economic model?

Le but de cette étude consiste à mettre en exergue les différences significatives émergeantes d’une comparaison entre les perceptions des enseignants et des étudiants de première année de la licence SVT vis-à-vis des caractéristiques de l’enseignant efficace et de l’enseignement efficace. 41 enseignants et 290 étudiants, du département de Biologie de la Faculté de sciences Dhar El Mehraz, ont été sollicités à classer 60 items selon leur degré d’importance sur une échelle de Likert. Il a été constaté que les étudiants sont principalement très vulnérables à leur entrée à l’université, optent pour des caractéristiques de soutien académique et affectif. De leur part, les enseignants conscients des problèmes et des contraintes dont ces étudiants font face, s’efforcent d’apporter les remédiations nécessaires pour faciliter leur affiliation et leur épanouissement.

Algiers currently suffers from a very pronounced city/port separation, the negative consequences of this situation affect the daily life of the city, the urban interests of the city, mainly the comfort of the citizens, overlap with the economic interests of the port, because urban activity and port activity remain opposite in nature. Based on its conflicted situation between city and port, the purpose of this article is to prospect through a set of future city / port scenarios. Using the scenario method, this research is carried out in two parts, in a first phase, the aim is to understand the evolution and mutations of port cities considered standard on a global scale, on this basis, and in a second phase, the objective is to prospect the future urban-port of Algiers. Four scenarios for the future reconversion of the port of Algiers, in which Algiers could become one of the great world capitals, are discussed. In fine, the appropriate scenario could be the one that proposes the organization of a universal event such as the Olympic Games. This option remains very interesting and feasible because it will achieve all the goals to promote Algiers in a sustainable way and to put it back in competitiveness against its rivals and counterparts in Mediterranean metropolises.

Aortic pseudocoarctation is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by elongation and deformity of the aortic arch and is known to be associated with aneurysmal formation. Several studies unite to say it leads to a surgical sanction as soon as symptomatic or associated with aneurysms of the aortic arch. Our patient is a 12 years old boy, followed since birth for a little tight pseudocoarctation with a cervical aortic arch and transverse aortic arch hypoplasia. Close clinical and paraclinical monitoring including angioscans, showed the gradual enlargement of the superior mediastinum, in relation with the appearance of three aneurysms of the aortic arch. The intervention, performed by sternotomy, has consisted of the resection of the aneurysmal area and the interposition of a Dacron tube to repair the aortic arch and the reimplantation of the left subclavian artery into the left carotid artery. The postoperative course was uneventful. Management of pseudocoarctation associated with cervical aortic arch and aneurysms remains surgical. Close monitoring of patients with pseudocorctation, seems to be essential to avoid fatal complications such as aneurysmal rupture.