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Since the first Proton Pump Inhibitor was marketed in 1989, this class of drugs has been prescribed more and more frequently, sometimes outside the indications set out in their Marketing Authorisation. However, these drugs are not free from contraindications and side effects, some of which are serious. In carrying out this study, we therefore sought to define the frequency of such prescribing and the extent to which it complies with the various recommendations of learned societies, taking into account the profile of each patient (age, history, etc.). This was a cross-sectional descriptive observational study, using an evaluation form to collect all the data relating to the prescription of PPIs in the hospital departments of HMMI Meknes. During our study, the PPI prescription rate was 27.2%, 35% of which were justified. Only 36% of justified prescriptions were consistent in terms of dosage and duration, whereas 64% of prescriptions were non-compliant because the dosage or duration were not appropriate for the indication for which the PPI was prescribed. Prevention of drug-induced ulcer disease was the main reason for over-prescribing PPIs. This work underlines the importance of continuing medical education to ensure that prescribing of this very important therapeutic class is properly controlled, and that better knowledge of its adverse effects helps to counterbalance over-prescribing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper is a sociological thought on the implementation of the Cameroonian National Gender Policy in the field. After a brief description of the greatest winnings of this public development policy, the author tries to make a critical sociology of the main factors which limit its real implementation in the public and private spheres of our nowadays societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses Protestant immigrants from Prussia, such as public and military officers and college professors, who relocated to the Alsace region (France) during its annexation to Germany from 1896 to 1914. The author looks at the social, religious, cultural, and political tensions and conflicts concerning the immigrants' involvement with sport institutions, particularly ski clubs, and the Alsatians, who were predominantly Catholic and rejected the process of Germanization. Topics include the Protestant immigrants' establishment and control of ski clubs during the 1890s, ski clubs such as the Ski-Club Vogesen Straßburg, and how the Alsatian Catholic community promoted gymnastics as a youth integration and political tool.

In this article, we are dealing with a topical and obvious subject: speech and resolution of conflicts in African societies in general and in the Burkinabé ones in particular. The desired objective is to show the contribution of speech in the management and resolution of conflicts. The results from a qualitative investigation allow to suggest the holistic approach of traditional African societies in preventing the outbreak and the resolution of conflicts. It takes into account Human beings, the Gods, ancestors' spirits and other supernatural powers in resolving conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prolific author, editor of dozens of books, genius clinician of perversions and borderline states, didactic analyst of important analysts, Masud Khan was expelled from the British Psychoanalytical Society and then partially rehabilitated. This paper studies his career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prolific author, editor of dozens of books, genius clinician of perversions and borderline states, didactic analyst of important analysts, Masud Khan was expelled from the British Psychoanalytical Society and then partially rehabilitated. This paper studies his career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors recount the beginnings of the interest for psychoanalysis in Canada, the context of the foundations of the Canadian Psychoanalytic Society and of its Institute, the linguistic and geographical reasons for the creation of its first branches and their later expansion, the journals and some authors and the training models, and conclude with an overview of the psychoanalytically oriented external groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The travelling and appropriation of queer theory by francophone feminists in Quebec have been particularly long and arduous, prompting an inquiry into not only the reasons for this delay, but also into the elements that ultimately allowed for an integration of queer theory among francophone feminists. Combining tools from social movement literature on diffusion (brokerage, frames, repertoire of contention, etc.) and a political theory approach, this article divides the integration of queer theory among francophone feminists into two moments. In the first instance, activists and academic feminists have generally received queer theory with considerable criticism, which we have regrouped into 3 axes: 1) the deconstruction of women and lesbians as political subjects; 2) the investment in the symbolic aspects of politics, to the detriment of material relations and structures of power, and 3) the erasure of lesbian specificity and the absence of male privilege examination. In the second moment, the work of the Pink Panthers–a radical queer group–allows for frame bridging and the use of a recognisable repertoire of collective action to address two out of the three axes of criticism. This article suggests that the process of brokerage creates a crack in the wall of resistance that will quickly become a space for the insertion and integration, even if still conflictual, of queer theory into francophone feminism. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In our everyday life as well as in teaching and forming activities, we are face to face with some situations when translation and multilingualism represent some tangible and fundamental ideas and concrete results which illustrate the high degree of difficulty underlying the methodological process. The study of some French or Romanian extracts aim to display the method carried by the translator, in order to establish a great number of criterions as well as the ability to master many languages in a given context. Translating is, in fact, an individual work and it rarely corresponds in all respects to the original on which it is based, which will raise some questions, in order to make or formulate once again a new hypothesis and rules in that matter. In the same way, multilingualism an its partial specialization permit us to question about some concepts that, at first sight, seem obvious but that requires, when confronted with reality, an adaptation to some innate or acquired techniques and to some rules that manage the handling of many languages at individual level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the spatial, and especially scalar, dimension of feminism in a contemporary French anarchist organisation. This perspective is contextualised by a reminder of the role of feminism in the political history of anarchism and of the role of the spatial dimention through the question of anarchist federalism. The empirical study is based on research conducted through participant observation within the organisation Alternative Libertaire between 2006 and 2012. The problem to be addressed is the question of whether anarchist women succeed as well as they claim in bringing into question, in their promotion of feminism both inside the organisation and outside, the centrality of Paris in favour of an anarchist federalism. For this reason two scales or levels are studied: the national level and the local level of the city. The city of Paris is treated as both the national capital and as a locality. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Although the profession of music therapy has made many advances since the Canadian Association for Music Therapy (CAMT) was established in 1974, it is still a relatively new profession and, as such, faces a variety of challenges. However, it is not known how these challenges are perceived by Canadian music therapists who live in diverse regions of a geographically large country and work within different provincial and regional health care and education systems. Furthermore, it is not known how these diverse experiences impact upon Canadian music therapists' views of the profession. The purpose of this study was to examine Canadian music therapists' perspectives on the current state of music therapy as a profession in Canada. In Fall 2012, participants (N = 87) completed an online survey that examined their perceptions of the CAMT definition of music therapy, scope of practice, professional certification, government regulation, and professional advocacy. Results indicated that a majority of respondents believed that bath the CAMT's definition of music therapy and the Music Therapy Association of Ontario's (MTAO) scope of practice statement are representative of the current profession and practice of music therapy in Canada. However, respondents' perceptions were more varied in other areas of the survey. Potential implications and recommendations for the profession and for further research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses In Society, which includes the discovery of this review that prompted the young Bordeaux teenager Carrive, who was only eighteen years, to enter into epistolary relations with Breton, who often delegated to Desnos took care to answer him, because he was a little wary of him.

For over seventy-five years, the Governor General's Literary Awards (or GGs) have served as Canada's premier literary awards. This article gives a comprehensive listing of all French-language books that have won awards between 1936 and 2013. The full list of French and English winning titles, contained in this and the previous article, differs from previous lists in several respects. It includes five award-winning books from 1948, 1963, 1965, and 1984 (three in English and two in French) that inadvertently have been omitted from previous lists. It includes a careful division of winning titles into historically accurate award categories. It includes a complete list of all books by finalists who have received cash prizes, a practice that began in 2002. It includes a full list of declined awards and, finally, it includes more detailed bibliographical information than can be found in most other lists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to address the history of the International Association of Workers for Maladjusted Children (IAWMC), which is an organisation often ignored in the field of history of transfers and circulations in the international specialised education. Yet this organisation, which was officially created in 1951 in the post-Second World War reconstruction period, quickly became a forum for exchange of experiences between éducateurs who were focused on the quest for models and methods. The IAWMC was created first during the beginning of the early Franco-German reconciliation, through annual meetings, especially initiated by French éducateurs. These existed in France from the early 1940s, working in the recently created institutions to support children and adolescents placed by the Justice and Child Care administration, and were looking for alter egos across borders. For example, many collective study tours structured such exchanges between éducateurs from different countries and shaped an organisation based in the Netherlands and France – where the first two Presidents, D. Q. R. Mulock-Houwer and Henri Joubrel, came from – and then in Belgium and Germany. In its own way, the IAWMC contributed towards debates on the role of the specialised éducateur in the institution, among pedagogues and therapists, which did not come without tension or resistance. The technical discussions of the association, held at conferences and annual workshops, reflected changes in the general design of the éducateur and in practices and knowledge upon which it was based. The IAWMC was a forum for clinical concepts from case-work and group-work, but also social psychology, sociometry and more generally methods inspired by the human and social sciences, which were expanding in international social work in the 1950s and 1960s. This was done through debates even within the international association, between a practitioner vision of the éducateur role, based on the group and whose leaders are French éducateurs, and a more technical vision based on psychology and psychoanalytic approaches more focused on personal interview and individual care. This contribution focuses finally on how IAWMC on the one hand was included in international organisations, e.g. UNESCO, and on the other hand forged the public recognition of the utility of éducateurs, even in the case of developing countries where they did not exist. Thus, in the late 1950s, the IAWMC was accredited consultative status by UNESCO and played an important role in the international expertise on maladjusted youth. This timing corresponds to the final extension of its audience, after decolonisation, to emerging countries and to what is termed the “Third World”. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The paper investigates the Archives of the Cluj Folklore Society, hosted by the Faculty of Letters of Babeş-Bolyai University between 1958 and 1993. The study focuses on the collections included in the archives and on their situation in the ideological, epistemological, and methodological context of ethnological studies in communist Romania and in the years immediately following the fall of Ceauşescu's regime. During the three and a half decades in question, the field of folklore and then that of ethnology were constructed, deconstructed, and reconstructed several times. The mutations experienced by the ACFS are essentially those of Romanian ethnological studies during the communist and post-communist periods, a period little investigated so far from the vantage point of the history of this discipline and which remains, therefore, a topic that requires further explorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes L'Entraide missionnaire from the perspective of its networks which became international over the course of the 1960s. This internationalization was most visible in the collaborations established with Third world theologians and practitioners. From 1968 onwards, L'Entraide radically changed its worldview, taking sides with the poor and marginalized. Notions like consciousness-raising, dialogue, inculturation, and liberation were at the heart of the organization's activities hundreds of Québécois committed to sociopolitical change and community organizations attended. Thus, L'Entraide acted as a catalyst for Québécois to become familiar with different schools of thought and practices, but also to integrate these new ways of thinking collectively about the contemporary world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses a particular issue - the relationship between nation and citizens society - which is very controversial and at the same time very topical because of the cosmo-historical mutations introduced in our time. The identity consciousness of society is the basis for the creation of external and internal States' boundaries. At the same time, nation is a modern creation, one of the State's invention that is possible to dissapear as a social phenomenon along with its creator, giving to transformations both of state and regional or international system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes an analysis of the strategies of an employers' association in response to the multiple transformations of its environment. It focuses on the capacity of actors, viewed here as institutional entrepreneurs, to transform their work-related institutions to better reflect their needs and interests. The study presents a case study of the Men's Clothing Manufacturers Association (MCMA), which provides insight into the associative behaviour of employers and, more particularly, illustrates the potential for actors to initiate (or to impede) the process of institutional change. In this particular case, MCMA members transform their associative model in order to deal with strong external pressures toward the decentralization of their industrial relations regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses an annual congress held on April 25-27, 2012 at the Centre de Congrès Le Régent in Crans-Montana, Switzerland, where several Swiss medical societies specializing in respiratory and pulmonary diseases and thoracic surgery met including the Société Suisse de Pneumologie and the Société Suisse de la Chirurgie Thoracique. Some of the featured topics include non-invasive ventilation, tuberculosis, and sleep apnea.

The movement - operation and evolution - in time and space represent the form of existence of reality and therefore of human society and all its structures. Concretely, we are talking about all forms of activity undertaken by the society's members through all forms of organization. These activities take place spontaneously and/or conscientiously, in very different proportions at all its levels of organization/selforganization; it is and has to be oriented. Orientation aims, above all, at identifying the directions of evolution, at establishing the desired purpose/purposes/ targets, ways and means of action, rhythms (speed) of development. In order that the societal movement and, equally, the economic one take place normally and with this hope, all its communities seek some guidance cues, which serve as guiding points or signs. These are the spatial and geographic cardinal directions, from the scale of the smallest human community to the planet's scale and not infrequently going far beyond this. The most important instrument, the compass by which human society governs its ship through the whirling waves of time is science. Extremely complex and complicated realities, contradictory components which assume and repel each other can develop and function normally only to the extent that their actors - people, organizations and other structures - establish appropriate benchmarks with discernment and ensure that they will be obeyed within the elaboration and implementation of development strategies. The following study expresses the author's opinion regarding some of the benchmarks considered important for the building and sustainable development of a new society and its economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of science and society relationships is starting to be raised methodically in France as demonstrated by the initiative taken by the French National Research Agency to develop a research programme on the topic. This initiative took the form of a call for proposals for a preparatory workshop. The two selected teams organized seminars which have settled on and dealt with a list of research themes. The results of this reflection have been published in a special double issue of the journal Science & devenir de l'homme. The present text analyzes them and identifies the main lines and what the author considers as the weaknesses in this reflection. In any event, it is a reference publication. This is the first time that such an overview of the relationships between science and society is drawn up in France for the scientific communities concerned and that the attempt to create a unified field of research is overall successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultural and religious phenomena of the convulsionaries of Saint-Médard, associated with the Parisian Jansenism, raises questions concerning the testimonial discourses and its procedures of validation and accreditation within the context of the Eighteenth Century in France. This essay explores the aesthetic and rhetoric strategies of the La Vérité des miracles, edited by Carré de Montgeron (1737). Its aim is to show how fictional procedures linked with poetics of horror and obscenity must be considerate as a part of a whole strategy of accessibility and popularization of the testimonial religious discourse. It highlights the complexity of the links between processes of writing testimony discourses and cultural changes concerning genders, sexuality, science and knowledge within the French society of this time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Introduction: To study the clinical features and the outcome of polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) in Tunisia. Methods: Retrospective multicentre study conducted by the Tunisian Society of Internal Medicine. Adult patients with confirmed and probable PM and DM, according to the Bohan and Peter''s criteria, were included in the study and followed-up between 1987 and 2005. Results: Twenty cases of PM and 50 cases of DM were included. Female/male sex-ratio was 2.5. The mean age at diagnosis was 40.7 years. Muscle weakness concerned girdle muscles in 94.3% and pharyngeal muscles in 42.8% of the patients. Interstitial lung disease and heart involvement occurred respectively in 35.7 and 20%. Eyelid erythema, peri-ungual erythema and Gottron''s sign occurred in respectively 86, 50 and 36% of the cases of DM. Malignant disease was found in 12.8% of the patients (mainly gynecological and nasopharyngeal cancers). All patients received high dose corticosteroids with additional immunosuppressive drugs in 40% of the cases. The outcome was stabilization or partial improvement in 71.5% of the cases. Death occurred in 20% and was caused by respiratory failure, sepsis and cardiac failure. Conclusion: The particularities of PM and DM in Tunisia are the preponderance of DM, early onset of the disease and high frequency of the nasopharyngeal cancer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Further to the Epinal events, Health Ministers P. Bas then R. Bachelot-Narquin have launched a plan of work devoted to radiotherapy; they have also committed the SFRO President, within the framework of a mission, to make proposals taking into account the demography of professionals and their level of competence, valorization of careers, cooperation with medical oncologists, delegations of authorities, mutualisation of human and material resources. Due to the numerous actions of the roadmap managed by the tutelages, the aim of the mission was focused on the modalities of work of the professionals linked to radiotherapy: radiation oncologists, radiographers and physicists. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: As regards human cloning, should the convention process – which failed at UN level following several years of procrastination – be relaunched? A United Nations University report (September 2007) and, subsequently, certain reflections on behalf of the International Bioethics Committee, point to the fact that an international convention, banning human reproductive cloning, could emerge in the near future. This convention – the content of which calls for pragmatism and humanism – is at the convergence of several choices. Even though the institutional framework of the UNESCO appears more suitable than that of the United Nations Organization, ambiguities remain regarding convention policy that need to be carefully considered: should a treaty only ban reproductive cloning, without considering, in the same treaty, regulations governing therapeutic cloning, or should both reproductive and therapeutic cloning be approached in a single treaty instrument? [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Arab notarial documents supply us with a wealth of information that helps with the analysis of many aspects relative to the daily life of people: toponymy, town planning, society, customs, etc. This article's purpose is to stress the importance of this documentary material through the study, edition and translation of two Arab notarial documents from the fifteenth century pertaining to the Archive of the Cathedral of Grenade. According to these documents, we can prove the existence of the al-Murdī gate, whose presence is attested from the fourteenth century, at the time of Banū Nasr, the last Islamic dynasty of the Iberian Peninsula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A report of main communications and posters presented at the 9th Meeting of SIOG (International Society for Geriatric Oncology) Montreal, Canada, October 16–18, 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author analyses the role that can be played by non-governmental organisations with a scientific vocation such as the International Society for Criminology, in the orientation of criminal policy, in tandem with national and international authorities, particularly the United Nations Organization, the Council of Europe, or the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management committee of the International Society for Criminology adopted the project for a world watchdog for academic programmes in criminology. This text describes the reasons for it and the practical details. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The community of the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Marie (SNJM) always honored its history. Thus, the commemorative ceremonies are the occasion to remind the merits of the founder and the members of the community, underline their successes in the educational work and to consolidate their place among religious communities. This article tries to seize the adaptation of the commemorative speech of the SNJM through times, and the message delivered to its members and to the public by comparing the contents of the commemorative texts of the celebrations of 1894, 1944, 1969 and 1994. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Objectifs: Élaborer des recommandations concernant la prescription d’orthèses plantaires dans la gonarthrose et la coxarthrose. Méthode: La méthodologie utilisée, proposée par la Société française de médecine physique et de réadaptation (Sofmer), associe une revue systématique de la littérature, un recueil quantitatif et qualitatif des pratiques professionnelles et une validation par un panel d’experts pluridisciplinaires. Les critères d’analyses retenus concernent la douleur, l’incapacité fonctionnelle, la consommation d’antalgiques et d’anti-inflammatoires non stéroidiens (AINS) et la progression radiologique de l’arthrose. Les recommandations sont classées, suivant le niveau de preuve scientifique fourni par la littérature, en grade A, B ou C, selon la grille de l’Agence nationale d’accréditation et d’évaluation en santé (Anaes). Résultats: Au cours de la gonarthrose fémorotibiale interne, la prescription d’orthèses pronatrices pourrait – en l’absence de contre-indication – avoir un intérêt dans la prise en charge symptomatique de la gonarthrose en réduisant la consommation d’AINS (grade B). Les effets sur l’évolution structurale de l’arthrose ou le retentissement fonctionnel ne sont à ce jour pas démontrés (grade B). En dehors de ce cadre précis, il ne paraît pas indiqué d’avoir recours à des orthèses plantaires dans la prise en charge de la gonarthrose ou de la coxarthrose (grade C). Conclusion: Il est nécessaire d’entreprendre des études randomisées contrôlées complémentaires afin de préciser l’indication des orthèses plantaires (sévérité de la gonarthrose, genu varum), voire l’efficacité d’autre type d’orthèse comme les orthèses amortissantes. Les effets secondaires à long terme, notamment sur le compartiment fémoro-tibial externe, pourraient être évalués. Une évaluation médicoéconomique dede la prescription des orthèses plantaires est également souhaitable. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Seizures are the most common pediatric neurologic disorder. This article describes the guidelines of the French Pediatric Neurology Society, highlighting the importance of a thorough history and examination. Paroxysmal nonepileptic events should be excluded. The role of biological and neuroradiological investigations is discussed. An electroencephalographic recording and advice from a pediatric neurologist are suggested. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The French Health Products Safety Agency coordinates the national initiative of computerization of blood products traceability within regional blood banks and public and private hospitals. The Auvergne-Loire Regional French Blood Service, based in Saint-Étienne, together with a number of public hospitals set up a transfusion data network named EDITAL. After four years of progressive implementation and experimentation, a software enabling standardized data exchange has built up a regional nominative database, endorsed by the Traceability Computerization National Committee in 2004. This database now provides secured web access to a regional transfusion history enabling biologists and all hospital and family practitioners to take in charge the patient follow-up. By running independently from the softwares of its partners, EDITAL database provides reference for the regional identity server. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Within the frame of Plan cancer and events of radioprotection which occurred since 2005, the community of radiation oncologists is aware under the umbrella of SFRO of the technologic, structural and cultural mutation that our discipline is going through, with the support of the tutelages. We report on the actions the SFRO has participated with, or initiated these last 2 years. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The french Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (SOF.CPRE) is born December 3th 1952. Initially without "aesthetic", this "key-word" is agreed in 1983 and the symbols are advanced since: SFCPR, SFCPRE, SOF.CPRE. Its official organ, formerly included in Annales de chirurgie (1954–1955), become Annales de chirurgie plastique in 1956, Annales de chirurgie plastique et esthétique in 1983 and finally Annales de chirurgie plastique esthétique (ACPE) in 1992. Since the origin, five Editors-in-chief succeded: Claude Dufourmentel, Raymond Vilain, Jean-Pierre Lalardrie, Claude Lê-Quang, Jean-Luc Cariou. Four of them are alive, Raymond Vilain is dead. The author relate here the natural story of these five editors who had all a triple route: personnal, surgical and editorial. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Relationships with all the other beings that inhabit the living environments of human societies have evolved over time and continue to do so. A book such as Philippe Descola's ("Beyond Nature and Culture"), which aims to order these relationships by identifying the underlying schemes of practices, is of interest to all people dealing with the environment today. Starting from the ways "the other" is identified, his analysis leads him to develop four ontologies (animism, totemism, naturalism and analogism). These enable him to classify human societies according to the way they consider other non-human beings and to the relationships they entertain with them. This endeavour has not failed to generate criticism, mainly from anthropologists who do not recognize the features proposed by the author in the societies they have investigated. Therefore, we needed to follow his reasoning step by step in order to understand the arguments which are to be questioned or adhered to. We consider first the relevance of the division into four ontologies. We then criticize some aspects of the author's approach and especially the way he avoids dealing with the dynamics that have affected human societies over time, especially in their relationships with animals and plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The radical transformation of the lithic production during the Mesolithic in Ireland does not appear to be the result of external factors (the arrival of new groups), nor is it due to a change in lifestyle of the existing populations (the species and territories that were exploited). The technological shift in the lithic production, which is hitherto unknown in this form in other European countries, appears to be the result of an internal transformation of the Mesolithic societies and their socio-economic organisation, but perhaps also changes in the manner in which these societies represent themselves within the space that they occupied. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Senegal's colonial prison system was established at the end of the eighteenth century, a moment of perceived emergency for the penal prison in Western Europe and the United States. Introduced by the French colonizer, this prison system and its penitentiary grid followed the routes of the territorial conquest as a privileged means of the colonial policy of repression. Despite its origins, the Senegalese prison system ignored the universal penitentiary principles espoused by Western reformers in favor of a prison enclosure based purely on colonial logic: a place of punishment, a place to construct the inferiority of natives, and a platform for the coercive mobilization of a work force. This total institution invaded a society that never experienced prison as a penal technique. As a result, the colonial prison never achieved local legitimacy. Victims created negative representations of prison based on the slave trade and captivity. Detainees and local populations resisted the colonial prison with the same goal: ensuring the failure of punishment and forced labor. Through permanent social mobilization, they created their own strategies and networks of complicity against prison. Their actions, successful in large part, furthered the global struggle against colonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The closure of Université de Moncton's sociology department in the spring of 1969 constitutes a unique event in the history of Canadian academics. In this paper, the authors examine the causes behind this closure. They present an intermingling and collision of motivations of different actors and movements in Acadian academic life during the late sixties: student associations, the young sociology professors, the professors association, the university administration, etc. Beyond being simply a historical anecdote, the closing of the sociology department symbolizes a larger political crisis, where two social conceptions compete: the administration envisaged a rational administration of the social, while the sociology students and professors wished for a society based on socialist and participative principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper the author proposes a mytho-symbolic analysis of some of the main texts of Maria Montessori (1870–1952) in which the theme of the New Child was the object of particular attention. Study of these texts enables the author to demonstrate that Montessori insisted on the redemptive character of the new child. The child serves as the guide to the adult in forming a society of new men. He constitutes the guidance for the construction of a new more harmonious, pacific future. This study is based on a pedagogic-cultural approach by the use of a mythanalytic hermeneutics and the elaboration of an ideologemic decor that shows the vectors of the texts analysed as well as the mythical contours of those ideas. The result of the mythanalytic reading, carried out with the most rigorous hermeneutic criteria, concludes that Montessori is under a strong influence of Christian mythologemes such as that of the Saviour Child or its related myths of Hermes and Prometheus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the sociological vision of the French philosopherMaffesoli, the burning of Paris refers to the street disturbances and public violence undergone in the French capital towards the end of 2005, when a situation occurred that demonstrated social changes resulting in the end of modernism. The disappearance of political and economic structures due to social dissident insurgence is imminent. Tribes, a strongly based anthropological term, serve as a category to interpret these violent changes, civil disobedience, patriarchy, institutional des-aggregation, fragmentary roles, sublimation aesthetics, power and resistance. A complete catalogue is offered for understanding the reality of the moment of change, towards an inevitable power co-action and revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A certain number of recent writings observe a drift of the subject, which they explain by the collapse of the fathers, itself effect of the disappearance of the reference marks of symbolic system. Another point of view is possible which would show that it acts less one change of the structure of the subject than an evolution of the imaginary representations that the society gives itself of itself. The multiplication of the objects, even their real abundance, is the axis which the author follows to show how can be constructed; such representations they are described through daily clinical situations, the psychopathology of eating behavior, and certain forms of a return of the religious fanatasism. It appears whereas the denunciation of the situation of the postmodern subject paradoxically finds the accents of the pleas for strong ego. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Europe is building up. It develops in a quite complex environment, in which health care represents an important field of activities. As for blood transfusion, it plays a major role especially in the development of medical activities as well as for the patients treatments. Today, blood components are still of human origin and there are no substitutes for them. As a medical discipline, Blood Transfusion represents a broad field in medicine which requests the involvement of numerous actors. It is up to professional medical/scientific societies to promote the discipline. This is why it has been considered necessary and relevant to build up a federation of transfusion medicine societies throughout the European Union (EU) ; it is called EuroNet-TMS, the European Network of Transfusion Medicine Societies. This network groups more than 7500 professionals of involved in blood transfusion activities. It has six major objectives: 1) To find coherent responses to issues at stake in transfusion; 2) To promote medical and scientific developments of blood transfusion in Europe; 3) To ensure the highest and most up-to-date scientific level to meet safety and quality standards; 4) To offer similar services to all EU citizens in the field of blood transfusion; 5) To share knowledge and date within Europe; 6) To develop interfaces with decision-makers among the diverse European countries. The first step is the writing of the “White Book 2005” which reports the state of the art of blood transfusion in Europe; a prospective plan is proposed to be discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Migraine, according to the criteria of the International Headache Society, occurs in about 5 to 10% of children. Management of acute headache is only one of the parts of the treatment, along with identification of migraine precipitants, adjustments in lifestyle, and when necessary the use of preventive therapy, which can include non pharmacologic (relaxation or biofeedback) or pharmacologic treatment. In the acute migraine attack, a single dose of either ibuprofen 10 mg/kg or paracetamol 15 mg/kg has been shown to be effective, with only a few adverse effects. In severe migraine attacks, dihydroergotamine mesylate administered orally (20 to 40 μg/kg) or intravenously (maximum 1 mg/day) may be helpful, but there have been no large placebo-controlled trials of this treatment. Among the different triptans, it is the sumatriptan nasal spray whose efficacy has been best demonstrated. The most frequent adverse event is transitory unpleasant taste. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The authors report the contribution of French surgeons and particularly the plastic surgeons to the reconstructive microsurgery since 1972. Different domains are reviewed: animal experimentation, anatomical studies, reimplantations, free tissular transfer, free bone transfer, strategic original concept of transfer, free toes transfer, microsurgical reconstruction of malformative hand, free lymphatic transfer, nervous microsurgery, flap prefabrication, allotransplantations and the future of microsurgery. Three societies have the place of honour: the French Society of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, the Group for Advancement of Microsurgery and the World Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Résumé: Propos. – Le diagnostic des pneumopathies infiltrantes chroniques a fait l’objet de modifications récentes, grâce aux avancées effectuées en imagerie thoracique et en anatomopathologie. Ceci a conduit l’American Thoracic Society et l’European Respiratory Society à élaborer une nouvelle classification de ces pathologies. Grâce à elle, un diagnostic précoce serait possible pour une prise en charge thérapeutique adaptée. Actualités et points forts. – La première étape devant une suspicion d’une pathologie infiltrante diffuse (PID) sur une radiographie du thorax standard, comprend un interrogatoire et un examen clinique minutieux. La tomodensitométrie à haute résolution est un examen essentiel au diagnostic positif de PID, permettant une définition extrêmement précise de l’atteinte du parenchyme pulmonaire. Le suivi longitudinal des tests fonctionnels est indispensable à l’évaluation du handicap respiratoire. L’étude anatomopathologique de biopsies pulmonaires peut être utile pour préciser le type de PID, mais n’est pas systématique. La nouvelle classification 2002 des PID comporte les sept entités suivantes, définies selon des critères radioanatomocliniques : la fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique, la pneumopathie interstitielle non spécifique, la pneumopathie organisée cryptogénique, la pneumopathie interstitielle aiguë, la maladie pulmonaire interstitielle avec bronchiolite respiratoire, la pneumopathie interstitielle desquamative, et la pneumopathie interstitielle lymphoïde. La plus fréquente et la plus grave d’entre elles est représentée par la fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique. Perspectives et projets. – Cette nouvelle classification résulte d’une confrontation multidisciplinaire entre cliniciens, radiologues et anatomopathologistes. Elle devrait permettre, grâce à une meilleure caractérisation nosologique, une évaluation pronostique plus sensible, une comparaison plus fiable entre les différentes études de la littérature, et s’assortir ainsi d’une conduite thérapeutique plus adaptée. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]