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The Sense of Community is important for the well-being and positive social development of adolescents (Pretty, 2002; Cicognani et al., 2006, 2012). However, a few studies have provided significant information on the mechanisms that can lead to the construction of a community in sport (Warner, 2011). The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the definition of a sport community, examining the mechanisms underlying the formation of Sense Community in sport contexts in adolescence. For this, the first chapter presents a review of literature about Sense of Community and the second chapter examines the literature on the Sense of Community in Sport and sports participation in adolescence. Subsequently two lines of research are proposed. The first line consists of two qualitative studies. The results of these studies revealed that the sport community includes in particular parents, peers and coach sports. There emerges a challenge for these young athletes to maintain relationships with nonathlete peers. The second line comprises two quantitative studies. The first study focused on the validation of the questionnaire Adolescents Sense Community in Sport (SCSA), in French and Italian. The second study focused on understanding the processes of SCSA and its relationship with parents, coach, peer non-athletes climate perceived and sport involvement. The results showed that during adolescence, the SCSA significantly influences the commitment, and the relationship between peer non-athletes climate perceived and sporting commitment is mediated by SCSA, Le Sens Communautaire est important pour le bien-être et le développement social positif des adolescents (Pretty, 2002 ; Cicognani et al., 2006; 2012). Cependant, peu d'études ont fourni des informations significatives sur les mécanismes qui peuvent conduire à la construction d'une communauté dans le sport (Warner, 2011). L'objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à la définition d'une communauté sportive, en examinant les mécanismes sous-jacents à la formation d'un Sens Communautaire dans des contextes sportifs à l'adolescence. Pour cela, un premier chapitre présente une revue de littérature sur le Sens Communautaire et un deuxième chapitre examine la littérature sur le sens communautaire sportif, et la participation sportive à l'adolescence. Par la suite deux axes de recherches sont proposés. Le premier axe comprend deux études qualitatives. Les résultats de ces études ont révélé que la communauté sportive comprend en particulier, les parents, l'entraineur et les pairs sportifs. Il émerge une difficulté pour ces jeunes athlètes à maintenir des relations avec des pairs non sportifs. Le deuxième axe comprend deux études quantitatives. La première étude a porté sur la validation du questionnaire du Sens Communautaire Sportif à l'Adolescence (SCSA), en langue française et italienne. La seconde étude a porté sur la compréhension des processus de ce SCSA en mettant en évidence ses relations avec le climat perçu des parents, de l'entraineur, des pairs non-sportifs, et de l'engagement sportif. Les résultats ont montré qu'à l'adolescence, le SCSA influence de manière significative l'engagement, et que la relation entre le climat perçu des pairs non-sportifs et l'engagement sportif est médié par le SCSA

Between 1990 and 1998, 110 knee arthroscopies were performed in children. We analyzed the epidemiology and diagnostic data and studied the correlation between clinical and radiographic findings and the final diagnosis after arthroscopy in order to establish a consensus on use of knee arthroscopy in children.We made a retrospective analysis of 110 knee arthroscopies performed in children, classing the patients in three age groups: 0-5 years, 5-10 years, 10-17 years. Clinical and radiological findings were compared with the arthroscopy findings.One or more arthroscopies were performed in 56 boys and 48 girls. Mean age at the time of the procedure was 12 years 4 months. There were 11 children aged 0-5 years, 14 aged 5-10 years and 85 aged 10-17 years. The main pathology was arthritis in the 0-5 year and 5-10 year age groups. Trauma was more frequent in the older children. Knee arthroscopy was found to be normal in 19 cases.For most surgery teams, arthroscopy is indicated for arthritis of the knee. Arthroscopy may also be needed for hemarthrosis. In these contexts, arthroscopy is both a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. Our analysis demonstrates that emergency arthroscopy is only warranted for free floating osteochondral fractures and fractures of the tibial articular surfaces, with the exception of the tibial spines. Arthroscopy may be performed later in other cases after careful physical examination and radiographic series. We had 19 normal arthroscopies and 10 that showed femoropatellar chondropathies and plicas that could explain knee pain. We recommend arthrography before arthroscopy to avoid unnecessary procedures.Arthritis of the knee is an excellent indication for arthroscopy. Painful and acute hemarthrosis requires attentive physical exams and x-rays before making the decision for surgery.

Between 1990 and 1998, 110 knee arthroscopies were performed in children. We analyzed the epidemiology and diagnostic data and studied the correlation between clinical and radiographic findings and the final diagnosis after arthroscopy in order to establish a consensus on use of knee arthroscopy in children.