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A discussion of the role of government in supporting the relationship between business and higher education focuses on academic research and the economic and industrial value placed on it. The actual support provided by the private sector, roles of the three players, and major issues in the debate are examined. (MSE)

Recent initiatives in second language testing theory, practice, and research are reviewed, including test specificity, relevance, accuracy, multidimensional assessment, and the test's link to instruction, and their relevance to language teaching is discussed. Special attention is given to Canadian contributions to the field. (63 references) (Author/MSE)

Describes the preparation of the translation student's terminology research paper, and its pedagogical applications. (AM)

Describes a research project based on a questionnaire designed to determine the language needs in French of English-speaking Canadian diplomats assigned overseas. (AM)

The aim of the article is to analyse trends in the field of digital management of graphic archives in the context of the rapidly changing information environment, to consider issues of data security and accessibility. To raise the issue of popularising the study of the bookplate as an independent genre in the fine arts and as a historical document that attests to the era, events and people. The history of ex-libris goes back to ancient times, with the appearance of the text and its first owner. This history is multifaceted, diverse and touches on various aspects of the worldwide development of human culture. The development of bookplate collecting and the study of bookplates dates back to the Middle Ages, from which time we can trace the history of the transformation of the bookplate from a bookmark with a protective function to an independent art object and collector’s item. This paper examines several modern methods of organising and preserving an ex-libris collection, providing an overview of the key technologies involved in these processes, drawing on contemporary and historical research. The research results are primarily intended for use in the collections of the Pushkin Museum in Chișinău and are based on the largest ex-libris collection in the country, which includes over 15,000 items. The collection needs to be described, systematised and assigned in order to prepare it for further research and exhibitions.

Copyright of Psycho-Oncologie is the property of Tech Science Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psycho-Oncologie is the property of Tech Science Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Brazil, childhood is built on a racist, sexist, and classist history, and studies on it are intricately woven into this reality (Arroyo, 2018). In this context, intersectional Black feminist epistemology has been conquering political and academic spaces by promoting debates to understand the mechanisms of exclusion and social inequalities. Based on this, this essay seeks to discuss intersectionality as a theoretical-methodological approach to analyze race and gender relations in childhood research with/for/about children in intercultural contexts, articulating it in the discussions of Afro-Brazilian (Bairros, 2008; Carneiro, 2011; Gomes, 2019; Gonzalez, 1983; Silva, 1998) and African-American (Collins, 1990; Crenshaw, 2002; Davis, 2016; hooks, 2018; 2020) researchers, considering the lives of children and the ways of producing research. Works carried out based on an intersectional perspective (Pereira, 2020; Santiago, 2019) help researchers and point out that in the relationships established in the daily life of early childhood education, situations referring not only to the subordination of children to adults, but also to racism, sexism, and class oppression emerge, and analyzing experiences in this space from just one of these poles is insufficient.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy / Journal Canadien de la Pharmacie Hospitalière is the property of Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the 2023 Canadian Bioethics Society forum, 28 practicing healthcare ethicists (PHEs) and other attendees from across Canada, including bioethics students and fellows, gathered virtually for a collaborative workshop entitled “Towards Evaluating Clinical Ethics Consultation Effectiveness: Engagement in a Scoping Review of Reported Outcomes”. The workshop was open to all members of the bioethics community who registered for the forum but was designed primarily for PHEs.

EquipSent is a volunteer-based non-profit organization aiming at creating conditions for sustainable teaching, study, and academic research worldwide. Used, functional equipment is collected by its members, who are responsible for matching the donations with the receivers in need. After starting in 2017, nine big transfers were accomplished that significantly impacted the quality of local scientific and educational life. In this article, we show how EquipSent as an organization strives to align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in Chemistry in Switzerland.

Context: The french medical doctor thesis is a research project, a postgraduate learning tool and a symbol of the end of medical studies. There is some doubt as to its scientific usefulness. Objective: To explore general practitionners' (GPs) perceptions of the benefits of their thesis work. Method: Qualitative study, according to the recommendations of the COREQ grid, based on 14 semi-structured interviews, conducted until data saturation, using an inductive approach inspired by the principles of phenomenology and supplemented by a modelling schema. Results: Despite its mandatory feature, the thesis was seen as a useful burden that developed professionnals skills. Physicians were more skeptical about the scientific value of their work. Loneliness, amateurism, methodological wandering and lack of time were all cited as obstacles. A personnal subject, joint work, methodological and human support, and anticipation were the levers of success. The symbolic significance of the defense encroached on its academic dimension. The title of doctor, peer recognition and commitment to society were important benefits for GPs. The areas for improvement identified were: clarifying the educational objectives, providing methodological support, making the academic dissertation less dramatic and more exciting. Conclusion: Some facilitating levers could be quickly activated by both thesis supervisors and academic departments: such as better defining the scientific and pedagogical framework, defusing the symbolic aspect, promoting joint work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Recherches Sociographiques is the property of Recherches Sociographiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy / Journal Canadien de la Pharmacie Hospitalière is the property of Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environnement, Risques & Santé is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psycho-Oncologie is the property of Tech Science Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

No abstract available.

Researchers in humanitarian settings increasingly encourage refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) to participate within broader research processes, beyond solely providing data. However, efforts to increase participation in research may be tokenistic, complicated by the challenges present in humanitarian settings. The assumption that more participation is always good has meant sometimes limited reflection occurs on the challenges associated with such participation. This study explores the possibilities and realities for refugee and IDP participation in research based on interviews with practitioners and academics who conduct participatory research with refugees and IDPs. It discusses lack of consensus in defining participation and explores five risks of participation that challenge the assumption that participation is always desirable and appropriate.

After 9/11, the academic study of terrorism flourished as more government resources were focused on counterterrorism efforts. As the focus slowly shifted towards P/CVE or Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism, more and more articles lauded the potential benefits of including Formers. The idea behind that was that experience equals expertise. Formers have been valuable data sources as research participants. However, the current trend has seen Formers leave that role and take on far more complicated and sophisticated roles, such as deradicalization experts, claiming to help people leave extremism. This policy paper focuses on the evidence, specifically the lack of evidence, to support the prevailing assumptions regarding the effectiveness of Formers and dissects the ethical issues arising from their involvement in P/CVE. The paper ends with policy recommendations to shift P/CVE activities and research toward a more empirically-grounded model. Since P/CVE initiatives involve a variety of actors, from academic researchers to the media to practitioners, this paper is not aimed at one field or profession. Rather, it is intended for everyone involved in P/CVE-related activities, including research.

Background: Child participation in evaluation and research is key to ensure horizontal accountability and respect the rights of the children to voice their opinions on actions that have a direct impact on their lives. The author uses illustrative examples to describe how child-focused evaluation and research can be implemented in practices and discusses the main challenges and lessons learnt. Objectives: To reflect on the current evaluation practices and identify clear ways to ensure children and other marginalised groups can meaningfully participate in evaluation and research processes. Method: Children from 8 years to 18 years were involved in various evaluation and research assignments through different data collection and dissemination methods in five African countries. Results: The experiences show practically how children can successfully be engaged in evaluation and research through meaningful consultations that are both safe and ethical and through adapted communication materials and channels to ensure horizontal accountability. Conclusion: Ensuring the meaningful participation of children in evaluation and research processes is not only a right for children but also a great opportunity to enhance the design of evaluation and research pieces to make them more engaging and human-centred. The use of child-focused approach brings its own set of challenges and questions that evaluators can navigate with the support from relevant stakeholders. It requires authors to think outside of the box, be creative and put ourselves in the shoes of our main audience to develop the most suitable engagement strategies. Contribution: This article represents the culmination of a comprehensive research endeavor, from conceptualisation to data analysis and findings interpretation, conducted solely by the main author. The different pieces were reviewed for quality assurance by Helene Juillard. The illustrations presented in the article were made by Clementine Guivarch’ based on the author’s guidance and inputs.

Background: The African region produces a small proportion of all health research, including primary health care research. The SCOPUS database only lists the African Journal of Primary Health Care Family Medicine (PHCFM) and the South African Family Practice Journal (SAFP) in the field of family practice. Aim: To review the nature of all original research (2020–2022) published in PHCFM and SAFP. Setting: African region. Method: All 327 articles were included. Data were extracted into REDCap, using a standardised tool and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: The median number of authors was 3 (interquartile range [IQR]: 2–4) and institutions and disciplines 1 (IQR: 1–2). Most authors were from South Africa (79.8%) and family medicine (45.3%) or public health (34.2%). Research focused on integrated health services (76.1%) and was mostly clinical (66.1%) or service delivery (37.9%). Clinical research addressed infectious diseases (23.4%), non-communicable diseases (24.6%) and maternal and women’s health (19.4%). Service delivery research addressed the core functions of primary care (35.8%), particularly person-centredness and comprehensiveness. Research targeted adults and older adults (77.0%) as well as health promotion or disease prevention (38.5%) and treatment (30.9%). Almost all research was descriptive (73.7%), mostly surveys. Conclusion: Future research should include community empowerment and multisectoral action. Within integrated health services, some areas need more attention, for example, children, palliative and rehabilitative care, continuity and coordination. Capacity building and support should enable larger, less-descriptive and more collaborative interdisciplinary studies with authors outside of South Africa. Contribution: The results highlight the strengths and weaknesses of family practice research in Africa.

This text discusses the pleasure of filming and researching, focusing on the documentary The End and the Beginning, by Eduardo Coutinho. The aim is to articulate affirmations by the director about his creative process, with scenes and statements from the people interviewed in the film, most of whom are over 80 years old. In dialogue with Didi-Huberman, Foucault, Rancière, and Marie José Mondzain, as well as partners of Coutinho such as Jordana Berg, João Moreira Salles, and Consuelo Lins, issues related to the craft of academic research are discussed: the relations between truth and montage, real and imaginary, listening to the other and poetry of the word, image and ethical commitment.

This article investigates the politics of the image and montage in the literature and filmmaking as an experimentation with an ethical bet on research in Human Sciences. In the light of Walter Benjamin’s concept of montage, as well as DidiHuberman’s analysis of image as taking a position, it problematizes the insurmountable distance between the subject and the object, the fracture between form and content, ethics and aesthetics in research in the face of the intolerable of an ordinary world. The questions are presented through fragments that deal with the intertwining between body, memory, revolt, and creation, to emphasize the ethical bet of the montage not only as a balm for the body suffocated by the abject, but as the oxygen necessary for the multiplication of paths, senses, overcoming limits for the creation of resistance to the numbness of thought.

For students, becoming full-fledged researchers is not easy given the methodological and scientific requirements. During investigation activities of an iterative nature, they can be helped in this by teachers but also benefit from the contribution of digital tools, hence the notions of teaching presence and digital presence examined in this article in support of work carried out on these questions. It is through interviews, testimonies, questionnaires or analysis of research journals written by students that these points are studied within the framework of research training in higher education. The two types of presence show distinct effects in terms of skills in carrying out investigations and present some limits in terms of autonomy acquired by students to develop their own researches. Concerning this last point, the exercise of critical thinking presents itself as a path to be taken seriously through a diversity of methods, tools and educational supports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the publication of À Rebours, Huysmans' books feature a solitary protagonist, dreaming of a situation outside society, time and space, and even the body and sex. To this desire corresponds the increasing modification of the novel formula: a reflection of life in anomaly, the novel is transformed, to become a reverse novel, sick, deformed, bizarre. The refusal of regularity hides another refusal, that of conforming to a reality that does not correspond to the depth of personal experience. The work of Huysmans, especially in its postnaturalist part, brings a constant questioning of the norm under its various aspects, and constitutes an attempt to create a universe made to measure, necessarily a universe in anomaly. The journey that leads, in the field of novel, from À Rebours to L'Oblat, allows us to trace the stages of this evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psycho-Oncologie is the property of Tech Science Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Covid-19 crisis has given a rare visibility to 'science in the making', with still uncertain effects on the image of science. In any case, it offered a moment of reflection on the place of science and working conditions of scientists, from which we can already draw some lessons in the sociology of science, with a particular interest in the way knowledge is produced on the history of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. First of all, the question of its origin has enabled scientists to underline with great clarity the dependence of their knowledge capacities on political choices. Another interesting aspect of their discourses is that they show how much scientific credibility also depends on a collective effort carried out outside laboratories. The pandemic has in addition increased the credibility both of emerging and forgotten specialties, and shown the complementarity of very different 'ways of doing' science. Finally, it has confirmed the inclusion of virology in a scientific and political movement associated with the great narrative of the 'Anthropocene'. The question of the origin of the virus is still open, however, and is the subject of a controversy that further enriches its sociological interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The directory of theses that can be consulted on the APPRENDRE website of the Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie lists theses in French about education, teaching and training in 26 countries in Africa, Indian Ocean plus Lebanon and Haiti. This directory was updated in early 2022. It lists 1816 theses defended from 2000 to 2020. Quantitative analysis highlights centers of doctoral research: in Algeria, Côte d'Ivoire, Morocco and Senegal... The qualitative approach makes it possible to identify the themes favored by researchers about education, teaching and training, or in the management of education systems. Finally, the chronological approach highlights the growth in Africa of French-speaking research in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute bronchiolitis (AB) is a real public health problem on a global and national scale. Its treatment is most often outpatient. The use of audio-visual supports, such as educational videos, is an innovation in therapeutic education in outpatient treatment. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of an educational video on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers of infants with AB. This was a descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional study with prospective data collection, including mothers of infants with AB. We assessed mothers' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding AB before and after watching an educational video. We used a questionnaire written in Tunisian Arabic concerning sociodemographic data, mothers' knowledge and attitudes regarding AB and their opinions on the video as well as an observation grid to evaluate their practices on the nasopharyngeal unblocking technique. We noted a statistically significant improvement in mothers' knowledge scores on AB (7.46 in pre-test versus 14.08 in post-test; p≤0.05), practices (12.42 in pre-test versus 18 in post-test; p≤0.05) and attitudes (5.86 in pre-test versus 9.02 in post-test; p≤0.05). The use of an educational video has a positive impact on the knowledge, practices and attitudes of mothers towards AB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context and background: The knowledge society is a paradigm shift in form and substance. Open Science (OS) is a worldwide movement that aims to make research products accessible and that is accelerating with technological potential. It is based on a number of principles: broad and unfettered access and dissemination, sharing and spin-off of research products with civil society. Purpose and analysis: SO includes free and open access to articles, access to source data, data analysis, availability of preprints, open evaluation. In this context, the French-speaking world, through the heterogeneity of its situations and its linguistic homogeneity, appears to be a privileged field for observation and experimentation. GRISOF, which works to improve French-speaking research in medical science and health, proposes, based on its experience, a few practical keys for clinical researchers, biomedical researchers and public health researchers, directs its reflection towards evaluation and intensifies its roadmap on training. If English is the predominant language, automatic language processing (ALP) is a technological opportunity. Open access to articles provides an opportunity for work in French to become better known, just as digital translation provides access to articles in other languages. Conclusion: Open access to articles improves the depth and breadth of students' knowledge. It is an essential component of research learning. Engaging students in open publication of their own work is a way to raise awareness of open science practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annales Françaises de Médecine d'Urgence is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Vie et Sciences de l'Entreprise is the property of ANDESE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lengas is the property of Presses Universitaires de la Mediterranee and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Épidémiologie et Santé Animale is the property of Association pour l'Etude de l'Epidemiologie des Maladies Animales (AEEMA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psycho-Oncologie is the property of Tech Science Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psycho-Oncologie is the property of Tech Science Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

At the turn of the millennium, scientific publications began to wonder about the greenhouse gases emitted by research activities, through the category of “carbon footprint”. Since the end of the 2010s, this quantification has intensified and diversified. However, several distinct layers of temporalities must be identified in order to unfold the singularity of the term carbon footprint. The first refers to the terminological filiation between the “ecological footprint” and the carbon footprint. The second situates the process of carbon quantification between the late 1990s and the early 2000s, which is itself part of the long history of quantification. The third layer is the use of this category in many scientific publications: the carbon footprint of research is part of a larger body of work. A space of scientific commensurability then emerges in the form of the carbon dioxide equivalent: activities, or segments of activities, are made comparable by this common metric. The fieldwork conducted as part of a political science dissertation allows us to hear the diverse motivations of research staff in France who are undertaking this carbon footprint estimation. If this process of quantification questions scientific practices or perceptions, what is quantified is not only a "cost" of research but also the different forms of time on scientific activity.

Este artigo centra-se no burnout no ensino superior, entendido como um fenómeno constituído pelas dimensões de exaustão emocional, despersonalização e falta de realização pessoal. Analisa separadamente o burnout associado às atividades de docência e investigação, relacionando o seu desenvolvimento a variáveis antecedentes e consequentes como género, vínculo contratual, pressão percebida, desequilíbrio entre esforço e recompensa, satisfação, desempenho, conflito trabalho-família e abandono da carreira. A partir da aplicação de um inquérito por questionário a professores do ensino superior português, constata que o burnout não é um problema individual, mas procedente das condições organizacionais do exercício da atividade profissional, mostrando relação com a satisfação intrínseca à carreira docente e a baixa disposição de abandono, além de efeitos na intensificação do conflito trabalho-família. Concluiu sobre a relevância de avaliar a diversidade de atividades subjacentes à carreira docente no ensino superior e os fatores stressores que estes profissionais enfrentam, assim como os seus efeitos no desempenho laboral, na saúde, e na qualidade de vida. This article focuses on burnout in higher education, understood as a phenomenon consisting of the dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and lack of personal fulfilment. It analyses separately the burnout associated with teaching and research activities, relating its development to antecedent and consequent variables such as gender, contractual relationship, perceived pressure, the imbalance between effort and reward, satisfaction, performance, work-family conflict, and career abandonment. Based on a survey applied to Portuguese higher education teachers, it highlights that burnout is not an individual problem, but originates from the organizational conditions of the exercise of professional activity, showing a relationship between the satisfaction intrinsic to the teaching career and the low willingness to leave, besides the effects on the intensification of work-family conflict. It concludes on the relevance of assessing the diversity of activities underlying the teaching career in higher education and the stressful factors faced by professionals, as well as their effects on work performance, health, and quality of life.

We analyze the multitude of conflicts of interest to which all actors in the development chain are subject. Our aim is to reflect on how the findings of research and evaluations conducted on development interventions of all kinds can be biased as a result. This analysis rests on an inclusive definition of conflict of interest, which exists whenever an actor’s public stance is constrained by interests that put pressure on him or her to either express statements that contradict his or her own perceptions or knowledge, or to withhold criticism that he or she would otherwise be prepared to express. We illustrate the analysis with many cases based on our long experience in the field. Identifying problems encountered by a development intervention must be understood as a key step in formulating solutions adapted to local contexts.

This article analyzes the relationship between social sciences and the rise of the 'animal cause'. Tracing the way in which the object 'human-animal relation' has developed in the Anglo-American context (in connection with the Animal Studies community) and French context, I defend the idea that the general evolution of these studies participates in the rise of zoocentrism. More specifically, I analyze the way in which the antispeciesist theory and animal ethics, both highly influential in the Anglo-American world, have been received in France. Particular attention is paid to the criticisms formulated against these theories by academics in the social sciences. I show how these criticisms contribute to making animal ethics an obligatory point of passage for any academic reflection on human-animal relationships and how they participate in expanding the realm of ethics, by giving animal ethics a new editorial space, i.e., that of social sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article shows, from the point of view of heuristic governance analysis, that the shortage of specialists in education and the inappropriate management of existing human resources in this field in Cameroon favour the intrusion of specialists in foreign disciplines in the supervision of the dissertations of students in education sciences. The incompatibility of the academic profiles of dissertation supervisors in search of satisfaction of their self-actualization need leads to inadequate research approaches and epistemological postures that are detrimental to the quality of the work of these students, which contributes to compromising the chances of expansion and emancipation of the educational sciences and makes the prospects of this discipline uncertain. To remedy this, a change in mental patterns, the pooling of available resources, a policy of promoting doctoral training, a regular compliance audit and the professionalization of research management practice are recommended to improve quality management in this sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to present the results of empirical research conducted with students taking a foreign language certification test. The aim of the study was to diagnose the extent to which the students interviewed are able to mediate texts. In other words, we wanted to examine whether they possess the knowledge and skills necessary to reconstruct the meanings of a text in order to convey the information imposed by the examination task. The article begins with a short presentation of the notion of mediation. It then discusses the place it has been given in the language classroom by the designers of the CEFR. Finally, we present our empirical study: we define its theoretical framework, present the survey questionnaire we used and then proceed to the analysis of the data collected and the discussion of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his short novel published before À Rebours, entitled À vau-l'eau, Huysmans tells a story of a protagonist unable to find good food. His quest for a passable restaurant remains unfulfilled, and joins other unfulfilled needs linked to his social life. It becomes clear that behind this quest, told with numerous details and a significant emphasis, there are other, more profound needs that Huysmans will name, more and more directly, in his post-naturalist novels. At the deepest level, the quest comes down to the impossibility to accept life's difficulties, its duality, and to the wound of an unhappy childhood and a lost mother, so little named and therefore so present in Huysmans' works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]