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Abstract: This study aims to understand the role of algorithms in information misinformation by marginalizing media information, which in turn hinders media literacy. The rapid spread of artificial intelligence and algorithmic systems raises concerns due to their lack of transparency, complicating assessments of compliance with human rights and labor laws. Algorithms can exhibit bias based on the training data and their correlation with processed data features. This issue has spurred discussions within the scientific community about biases and the ethical, computational, and media effects of algorithms. Keywords : Algorithms, Misinformation, Media Literacy, Bias, Transparency

Abstract: The current study examined vowel identification among 72 phonetically trained and untrained Algerian students of English enrolled in Master 2 English Language and Letters and Mathematics courses, respectively, at Mentouri University of Constantine. The study used a multiple alternative forced choice (m-AFC) classification test to assess participants’ identification rates of isolated RP prototypic vowels across varying temporal manipulations. It was hypothesised that phonetically trained and untrained participants would use acoustic features of examined vowels differently to identify vowels, with phonetically trained participants showing higher identification rates compared to untrained ones. Analysis of results demonstrated that the use of temporal and spectral features of vowels varied non-significantly across phonetically trained and untrained participants. The results show that vowel identification may be subject to specific speech mechanisms and non-significantly affected by phonetic training, suggesting the limited role of explicit phonetic instruction in vowel perception among L2 learners and the need for more effective teaching methods. Keywords: vowel identification rate, acoustic, durational manipulations, phonetically trained, untrained

Créée en 2006, la réserve animalière de M’cissi est destinée à la réintroduction de l’Oryx algazelle, la Gazelle dama et la Gazelle dorcas. Le présent travail consiste à analyser la faisabilité écologique d’un lâcher libre de l’Oryx algazelle, dans le Site d'Intérêt Biologique et Écologique (SIBE) de M’cissi et ses environs. Un diagnostic écologique a permis d’évaluer les potentialités du milieu en regard des effectifs d’antilopes à lâcher, en plus d’un diagnostic au sein de la réserve (3 728 ha) pour appréhender les interactions couvert végétal/populations d’antilopes conservées. Selon un dispositif stratifié aléatoire de 100 placettes (10 m de rayon), l’évaluation des ressources pastorales et l’estimation de la charge d’équilibre dans le SIBE et la réserve animalière, a été effectuée moyennant la méthode combinée. Les populations d’antilopes de la réserve ont été recensées par un dispositif en transects et caractérisées selon la structure d’âge, le sex-ratio et l’occupation de l’espace. Un dispositif systématique de 58 placettes a été établi dans la réserve afin d’évaluer les interactions des antilopes avec le couvert végétal. Sur 36 placettes, l’étude de l’impact des animaux sur les arbres d’Acacia raddiana montre une pression sous forme de frottis, avec un degré d’attaque moyen de 14,2 %. Les résultats affirment la faisabilité écologique d’un éventuel lâcher grâce à des potentialités adéquates d’accueil. Huit faciès de végétation ont été identifiés produisant une phytomasse par faciès variant de 32 144 Kg à 820 698 Kg de matière sèche (MS). La production fourragère totale déterminée pour le SIBE et la réserve animalière, résultant des strates herbacées et arbustives, est de l’ordre de 2 164 202 Kg de MS. La réserve peut accueillir 279 individus d’oryx algazelle ou 760 individus de Gazelle dama ou 1584 individus de Gazelles dorcas ou 540 individus d’Autruches. Sur la base des éléments de ce diagnostic, une esquisse du plan de gestion et d’aménagement de la réserve animalière a été proposée. Mots clés: Réintroduction, Faisabilité écologique, Oryx algazelle, SIBE, Plan de gestion

This study addresses the issue of integration into global agri-food value chains. We formulate the hypothesis that it is necessary to establish strong inter-company relationships and identify the challenges of the said integration process. Based on a descriptive and analytical methodology, the study establishes an inventory of agri-food GVCs and identifies these issues. For Algeria, the article highlights the dominant nature of national agri-food value chains compared to agri-food GVCs, and considers it necessary to master the issues related to the intrinsic capacities of the national agri-food sector, as well as opportunities and threats related to CVM agro-alimentary for a successful integration. La présente étude aborde la problématique de l’intégration aux chaînes de valeurs mondiales agroalimentaires. Nous formulons l’hypothèse qu’il est nécessaire d’établir des relations interentreprises fortes et cerner les enjeux dudit processus d’intégration. S’appuyant sur une méthodologie descriptive et analytique, l’étude établit un état des lieux des CVM agroalimentaires et identifie ces enjeux. Pour l’Algérie, l’article met en évidence le caractère dominant des chaînes de valeur nationale agroalimentaire par rapport aux CVM agroalimentaires, et estime nécessaire de maitriser les enjeux liés aux capacités intrinsèques du secteur agroalimentaire national, ainsi que des opportunités et menaces liés aux CVM agroalimentaire pour une intégration réussie.

Floods are one of the most destructive natural disasters. Dams are engineered structures built across rivers and streams to control water flow, primarily for purposes like water supply, hydroelectric power generation, and flood control. In the modern era, technological advancements and an enhanced understanding of hydrology have transformed dam operations within flood warning systems. Early warning systems for floods are founded on the principle of forecasting and alerting communities and authorities about imminent flood events. Keureuto Dam has multi-purpose benefits including to reduce flooding. The planned system includes sensors that record hydrological data (ARR and AWLR), equipment that receives the data recorded as well as a transmitter network from the sensors to the data center. in the Keureuto watershed, three AWLRs are planned to be installed upstream of the dam, one at the dam, seven AWLRs downstream of the dam. data from upstream is sent using a radio network, while from upstream it uses a cellular network. with a data center located at the dam.

In this paper I focus on the Hereditary and Relativistic (HR) theory of the demand for money. This theory—presented by Allais in 1965—remained unknown owing to its conceptual framework incongruous with the standard approach. The HR theory indeed provides a backward-looking model of a hereditary behaviour in an era of macroeconomics revolutionised by the notion of expectations. It states that the physical time scale is not relevant for the study of monetary phenomena. It starts from the idea of time relativity to conceive a psychological time scale on which it bases its formulation of the demand for money. My aim in this paper is to re-situate the HR theory in relation to the mainstream. I show that it intersects with the latter’s methodological evolution on crucial points. I underscore in this theory an original conception of “dynamic autoregressive expectations.” I show that, given the endogeneity of these expectations, it accounts for a non-invariance problem similar to the one posed by rational expectations and highlighted by Lucas (1976) in his famous critique. I show that the HR theory provides an original solution to this problem.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate is rare and represents 0.5% to 1% of prostatic carcinomas. Transformation of prostatic adenocarcinoma into squamous cell carcinoma after LH-RH agonist intake has been reported in only 8 cases in the literature. To our knowledge, our case is the second pure squamous cell carcinoma observed after hormonotherapy and radiotherapy. We reported a case of a patient with prostatic adenocarcinoma treated by radical prostatectomy followed by radiotherapy. Eleven years later, he had a vesical recurrence of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Our patient had an endoscopic resection followed by injections of Triptorelin. Six months later, he developed a local recurrence of a squamous cell carcinoma.

Endogenous hyperinsulinism is an abnormal clinical condition that involves excessive insulin secretion, related in 55% of cases to insulinoma. Other causes are possible such as islet cell hyperplasia, nesidioblastosis or antibodies to insulin or to the insulin receptor. Differentiation between these diseases may be difficult despite the use of several morphological examinations. We report six patients operated on for endogenous hyperinsulinism from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2015. Endogenous hyperinsulinism was caused by insulinoma in three cases, endocrine cells hyperplasia in two cases and no pathological lesions were found in the last case. All patients typically presented with adrenergic and neuroglycopenic symptoms with a low blood glucose level concomitant with high insulin and C-peptide levels. Computed tomography showed insulinoma in one case out of two. MRI was carried out four times and succeeded to locate the lesion in the two cases of insulinoma. Endoscopic ultrasound showed one insulinoma and provided false positive findings three times out of four. Intra operative ultrasound succeeded to localize the insulinoma in two cases but was false positive in two cases. Procedures were one duodenopancreatectomy, two left splenopancreatectomy and two enucleations. For the sixth case, no lesion was radiologically objectified. Hence, a left blind pancreatectomy was practised but the pathological examination showed normal pancreatic tissue. Our work showed that even if morphological examinations are suggestive of insulinoma, other causes of endogenous hyperinsulinism must be considered and therefore invasive explorations should be carried out.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are rare mesenchymal tumours which represent 1% to 3% of gastrointestinal neoplasm. Rectal location of GIST is extremely rare reaching 5% of GIST and only 0.1% of rectal tumours. They usually metastases to the liver (65%) and exceptionally to the bone (3%). We reported a case of rectal stromal tumour with an exceptional metastasis located in the rib. A 40-year-old man who presented with pelvic pain, associated with rectal syndrome, rectal bleeding and subocclusive episodes. Physical examination objectified a tough, budding rectal mass, with a smooth wall, localized 3cm above of anal margin. A Thoraco-abdominal computed tomography showed a large heterogeneous tissue mass, taking the whole pelvis, coming from the right-side wall of the rectum of 17.3 x 14cm. It was associated with liver and bone secondary locations. Biopsies confirmed the secondary locations of an intermediate risk GIST. Immunohistochemical study showed an overexpression of c-kit protein (CD117) and Dog1. Imatinib was prescribed to reduce the tumour size. Stromal metastatic rectal tumours in bone level are extremely rare conditions. The diagnosis is confirmed by histological examination with immune histochemical analysis. The prognosis remains poor in metastatic forms but it has been improved since the introduction of Imatinib.

SLAM algorithm permits the robot to cartography the desired environment while positioning it in space. It is a more efficient system and more accredited by autonomous vehicle navigation and robotic application in the ongoing research. Except it did not adopt any complete end-to-end hardware implementation yet. Our work aims to a hardware/software optimization of an expensive computational time functional block of monocular ORB-SLAM2. Through this, we attempt to implement the proposed optimization in FPGA-based heterogeneous embedded architecture that shows attractive results. Toward this, we adopt a comparative study with other heterogeneous architecture including powerful embedded GPGPU (NVIDIA Tegra TX1) and high-end GPU (NVIDIA GeForce 920MX). The implementation is achieved using high-level synthesis-based OpenCL for FPGA and CUDA for NVIDIA targeted boards.

The purpose of this research which was directed towards the incorporation of metal fiber in the mortar is to know the behavior of the concrete in a fresh state on the one hand, and to improve the mechanical properties in a state hardened on the other hand, after reinforcement by varied quantities of these fibers. Carried out work consists of the realization of several series of specimens, while varying the content, the twinge (L/D) of fiber and the report/ratio (E/C) fixes of 0.5. Bending tests and compression were carried out on these specimens, the bending tests made it possible to follow the behavior of this material beyond cracking the stage of ductility is highlighted on the curves obtained. The results obtained show well that the metal fibers can be used in the mortar like reinforcement with any reliability and safety especially in the fields where excessive requests can exist.

Henri Poincaré had a reputation for being a mathematician hostile to rigor, as much in his mathematical practice as in his philosophical thoughts. But some elements show that Poincaré had implicitly in mind a personal con­ception of mathematical rigor, that would fit with his mathematical practice. We propose to develop what this conception would be. First, we observe his standards of rigor in his topological work, with some examples taken from his 1895 paper Analysis Situs [Poincaré 1895]. Then, we study on what grounds Poincaré claims his opposition to some specific standards of rigor. Finally, we develop a “Poincarean” conception of mathematical rigor.

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Copyright of Management international / International Management / Gestiòn Internacional is the property of Management International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Septic arthritis of the temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) is a rare disease that has been reported infrequently. To the best of the authors' knowledge, only one case of bilateral TMJ septic arthritis has been reported. The contamination may result from direct extension of adjacent infection (dental or ENT), from hematogenous spread of blood-borne organisms or from direct inoculation. The most common presenting are trismus and pain, although swelling, tenderness and erythema have also been described. In addition, patients may develop fever, regional lymphadenopathy and malocclusion. Through a successively bilateral case of TMJ arthritis, without obvious portal of entry of the bacteria, we will analyze characteristics and treatment of this disease.

L'angiomyolipome épithélioide est une forme rare d'angiomyolipome à potentiel malin, considéré récemment par l'OMS comme une entité à part dans la classification des tumeurs rénales. Cette lésion pose un problème dans le diagnostic différentiel avec les carcinomes à cellules claires. Il n'y a pas de critère spécifique clinique ou radiologique caractérisant cette tumeur. L'immunohistochimie en révélant la positivité des cellules épithélioide au marqueur HMB45 est essentielle au diagnostic. Le traitement doit être discuté en concertation pluridisciplinaire.

Rice straw is considered as one of the most important agricultural residues and represented as one of the major by-products from rice production process. Normally, rice straw that produced after harvesting season been directly burned on-farm. Conversion of rice straw into value added compost will improve the productivity of plant, reduction of pollution towards environment and reduction of local pollution due to open burning activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of composting rice straw ash (RSA) with food waste (FW) and effective microorganisms (EM) in term of the compost quality (pH, temperature, moisture content). RSA was prepared by burning the raw rice straw at three different temperature of 300°C, 400°C and 500°C for one hour. EM used during the composting process was prepared by mixing of brown sugar, ‘tempe’ and water that can be used after one week of fermentation process. There are four treatments of RSA-compost; RSA (300°C), RSA (400°C), RSA (500°C) and control (raw rice straw) with the same amount of compost medium; 1kg black soil, 0.5kg RSA, 3L EM and 1kg FW. The composting process happens for 30 days. During the composting process, all the parameters of RSA-compost obtained in a range like; pH value 8-10, temperature 20-50°C and moisture content 40-60%. The result showed that all compost quality of rice straw ash compost obtained in an acceptable range for final compost to establish.

Nowadays, advanced development and sophisticated new technology have led to various types of environmental pollution such as water, air, land, thermal pollution and so on. Recently, however, noise pollution is becoming one of the major threats to the world especially in urban areas where it adversely affects the quality of life of the public. In Malaysia, the Department of Environment has identified that the average transportation noise levels in major cities in peninsular Malaysia are 71.6 dB (A) and 70.4 dB (A) during the day and night respectively. The noise is usually emitted by airplanes, trains, vehicles, motorcycles, trucks and etc. Even though rail transport requires less energy and emits less hazardous substances, it has contributed to noise pollution issues and several health hazards among urban inhabitants such as deafness, nervous breakdowns, mental disorder, heart troubles, high blood pressure, headaches, dizziness, inefficiency and insomnia. Therefore, many studies attempt to reduce noise pollution by applying noise barriers at noise polluted areas via various approaches. This paper aims to explore the effectiveness of noise barriers using noise absorption performance due to several factors such as type of absorbent materials, material thickness, density, porosity and design. This research has found that the thicker the specimen and the denser the absorbent material, the better the sound absorption performance. Besides that, barrier design also plays a major role in determining its effectiveness, where the effectiveness of noise barriers should be high and long enough to break the line-of-sight between the sound source and the receiver. There are several methods that can be used to measure the effectiveness of noise barriers such as the Adrienne Method (in-situ measurement method) and impedance tube method (laboratory measurement method) to measure the acoustic absorption. Nevertheless, the impedance tube measurement method provides the most precise results with the least measurement uncertainty as it only required small samples of the material.

The government is currently implementing policies to increase the usage of coal as fuel for electricity generation. At the same time, the dependency on gas will be reduced. In addition, coal power plants in Malaysia produce large amounts of industrial waste such as bottom ash which is collected in impoundment ponds (ash pond). However, millions of tons of coal ash (bottom ash) waste are collected in ponds near power plant stations. Since bottom ash has been classified as hazardous material that threatens the health and safety of human life, an innovative and sustainable solution has been introduced to reuse or recycle industrial waste such as coal bottom ash in concrete mixtures to create a greener and more sustainable world. Bottom ash has the potential to be used as concrete material to replace fine aggregates, coarse aggregates or both. Hence, this paper provides an overview of previous research which used bottom ash as fine aggregate replacement in conventional concrete. The workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, and sound absorption of bottom ash in concrete are reviewed.

Railway transportation known as one of the most environmental friendly transportation mode. However, the significance problems of railway transportation are noise pollution and negatively impact the wellbeing of the whole community. Unfortunately, there has been lack of public awareness about the noise level produce by the railway transportation in Malaysia. This study investigates the noise level produced by railway transportation in Malaysia specifically by Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB). Methods of collecting existing noise level at railway stations in Malaysia are briefly discussed in this study. The finding indicates that the noise level produced by the railway transportation in Malaysia which is by KTMB is considered as dangerous to human being and also exceed the noise limit that has been assigned by Department of Environment Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Malaysia. A better noise barrier and improved material should be developed to mitigate the existing noise level produced by railway transportations in Malaysia.

Global warming can be defined as a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth’s atmosphere. A lot of research work has been carried out to reduce that heat inside the residence such as the used of low density products which can reduce the self-weight, foundation size and construction costs. Foamed concrete it possesses high flow ability, low self-weight, minimal consumption of aggregate, controlled low strength and excellent thermal insulation properties. This study investigate the characteristics of lightweight foamed concrete where Portland cement (OPC) was replaced by hollow glass microsphere (HGMs) at 0%, 3%, 6%, 9% by weight. The density of wet concrete is 1000 kg/m3 were tested with a ratio of 0.55 for all water binder mixture. Lightweight foamed concrete hollow glass microsphere (HGMs) produced were cured by air curing and water curing in tank for 7, 14 and 28 days. A total of 52 concrete cubes of size 100mm × 100mm × 100mm and 215mm × 102.5mm × 65mm were produced. Furthermore, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were carried out to study the chemical composition and physical properties of crystalline materials in hollow glass microspheres. The experiments involved in this study are compression strength, water absorption test, density and thermal insulation test. The results show that the compressive strength of foamed concrete has reached the highest in 3% of hollow glass microsphere with less water absorption and less of thermal insulation. As a conclusion, the quantity of hollow glass microsphere plays an important role in determining the strength and water absorption and also thermal insulation in foamed concrete and 3% hollow glass microspheres as a replacement for Portland cement (OPC) showed an optimum value in this study as it presents a significant effect than other percentage.

The high demand for concrete production generates wastewater which causes environmental problems. However, if wastewater is able to be recycled as part of engineering construction materials, many benefits can be reaped. Unfortunately, the use of wastewater in manufacturing concrete is not common. Therefore, this research aims to identify the influence of using slurry water and car wash wastewater on concrete properties, focusing particularly on its mechanical properties. The basic characteristics of wastewater were studied according to USEPA method while the properties of concrete with wastewater were compared according to ASTM C1602 and BS EN 1008 standards. In this paper, the compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and tensile strength were examined in order to determine the mechanical properties of concrete. The wastewater was replaced in the concrete mix from 0% up to 40%. The results indicated that the characteristics of wastewater complied with the BS and ASTM standards. In addition, the results also recommended that the concrete mixture with 20% of wastewater has given the highest compressive strength and modulus of elasticity.

The cost for producing concrete has been increasing steadily. Therefore, the demand for using agricultural waste as a replacement or admixture inside concrete is also increasing gradually. Many researchers are doing research on agricultural waste such as palm oil, corn cobs, rice husks and coconut shells. Agricultural waste is increasingly being utilized in cement, concrete and other construction materials and provides numerous indirect benefits such as reduction in land fill cost, saving energy and protecting the environment from possible pollution. The aim is to produce concrete with improved properties at a lower cost and to maintain environmental sustainability. In this review paper, the suitability of coconut shell for concrete cool wall panels will be the main focus. Coconut shells can be used as aggregates in concrete. The characteristic properties of coconut shell concrete such as workability, bulk density, compressive strength, flexural tensile, water absorption and thermal performance were reviewed in this paper. This paper attempts to answer whether coconut shell is suitable to be used in concrete to produce a concrete cool wall panel in order to reduce heat transfer inside a building.