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This study aims to explore the perceptions of pre-service elementary school teachers towards the concept of education for sustainable development through character education. This study is a descriptive research in which the object of research is 142 pre-service elementary school teachers at one of the universities in Surabaya, Indonesia. Data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of 6 structured questions and 1 open-ended question that was distributed through Google form. The data obtained were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Based on the results of data analysis, most of the respondents agreed that education for sustainable development through character education is very important in primary schools Introduction. In addition, aspects that need to be considered in implementing education for sustainable development through character education are the formation of attitudes and values, environmental awareness, social skills development, and holistic learning experiences.

Supply chain institutions are management relationships or systematic working system and mutually supportive between several supply chain partnership of institutions. The aim of this study was to determine the role of institutions in the supply chain for cocoa commodities in Bulukumba Regency and to analyze the added value of each actor in the supply chain for cocoa commodities in Bulukumba Regency. The method of determining the sample was done by purposive sampling. Descriptive analysis and supply chain value added analysis were used as Institutional role data analysis using the hayami method. The results of the study showed that supply chain institutions had a role for the success of the cocoa supply chain. Analysis of added value of farmers was Rp. 29,029,000 with added value of the collector traders was Rp. 1,900/kg, wholesalers added value of Rp. 1,900/kg and the added value of the cocoa processing home industry was Rp. 32,500/kg. Therefore, all the institutions involved had their important roles for the success of the cocoa supply chain. The roles were cultivating, providing assistance, processing, buying and selling. The added value of the cocoa processing home industry was high (>50%), while the added value of wholesalers and collector trades low (>50%).

Volcanic eruptions pose a significant risk to communities located near active volcanoes. Disaster mitigation and risk reduction efforts rely on detecting and monitoring volcanic activity as early as possible. This article introduces VEVCC, a MATLAB-based application designed to precisely identify and extract volcanic seismic events from continuous data streams. VEVCC's primary objective is to facilitate the creation of an Excel file containing the arrival times of detected events, which can then be used for various purposes, such as early warning disaster mitigation and automated event identification via machine learning techniques. VEVCC utilizes cross-correlation algorithms to identify volcanic seismic events. It separates these events from background noise and other sources of seismicity, allowing for the construction of a clean and informative dataset. The extracted data is a valuable resource for estimating the frequency of volcanic events and evaluating patterns of volcanic activity. VEVCC's time-stamped event data is indispensable for improving early warning systems, real-time surveillance, and automated event identification. We tested the program on the Merapi volcano datasets during a 1998 campaign for a broadband experiment with the capability to extract the events automatically. Further machine-learning models and algorithms enhance the automatic recognition of volcanic events.

This study examines whether CEO origin and tenure affect earnings quality. Using firms listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2012 and 2014, we provide evidence that firms with insider CEOs report earnings of higher quality relative to those with outsider CEOs. We further show that as CEO tenure increases and CEOs obtain more experience, the effect of CEO origin on earnings quality becomes less significant.