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The botryoid odontogenic cyst (BOC) is a developmental cyst of odontogenic epithelial origin considered as a rare multilocular variety of lateral periodontal cyst (WHO 1992). This cystic lesion site is in the periodontal space of vital teeth.A 21-year-old woman consulted for a swelling of the anterior maxillary region. The clinical examination revealed bucal swelling extending from the left central incisor to the first left premolar. The mucosa was normal. The adjacent teeth were vital. X-ray revealed a bilocular radiolucency extending between the roots of teeth 21 and 24. The lesion was enucleated, under local anaesthesia via a vestibular approach. Histology was typical of a BOC with cystic spaces lined by squamous epithelium with thickening and clear cells. Forty-eight months after surgery, there was sign of recurrence.BOC is known to be a recurrent odontogenic cyst. Several cases of multiple recurrences have been reported up to nine years after the initial surgery. Long-term follow-up is thus mandatory.

To specify CT scan roll in diagnosis of radicullar cyst invading maxillary sinus.Two cases of 23 and 34-year-old men presented with facial injury and sinusitis was explored by CT scan.CT scan showed in both patients a cystic lesion, developing into the maxillary sinus around a tooth apex and limits by a double dense thin rim.CT scan permits diagnosis of radicular cyst invading maxillary sinus, in the event of obscured maxillary sinus, when double dense thin rim corresponding to the repulsed wall of the sinus is looking.

Decompression of a large periapical lesion: a modified approach. Management of large periapical lesions that resist conventional root canal therapy or that are interpreted as cystic in nature is somewhat questionable. Surgery with complete enucleation might be the most expeditious method of management. This approach however may create certain undesirable complications as compromising the vitality of adjacent teeth, jeopardizing their osseous support or resulting in nerve damage. These complications should be avoided whenever possible. A decompression technique can eliminate the disadvantages of enucleation by surgery. A number of techniques employing long-term drainage and depressurization have been described in the literature and have been proved to be clinically successful. The purpose of this case report is to describe a modified approach to the technique of decompression that has proved to be effective and quite comfortable for the patient.

We describe an orbital abscess secondary to maxillary sinusitis of dental origin focusing on the seriousness of orbital infections and the dramatic consequences of delayed treatment. Classification of acute orbital conditions and appropriate management practices are presented.

Non odontogenic epithelial cyst, again called fissurary cyst, are dysembryophasic cyst of maxillary, they are born throughout the sutures line of faces. Their diagnosis is raising again association of clinic symptom, especially complementary examination and in particular dental vitality test. Their treatment is surgical. Around 14 cysts fissurary have been recorded in a seven-year period.

We report a case of eosinophilic granuloma falsely diagnosed as a radicular cyst in a 28-year-old patient. Between August 1996 and June 1997, successful extraction [correction of avulsion] of teeth 36 and 37 was followed by non-healing of the mucosa in the corresponding sockets. Three bone biopsies were needed to establish the diagnosis of histiocytosis X. In case of non-healing of the intraoral mucosa after tooth extraction [correction of avulsion], the first step is to rule out a malignant tumor. A clinical and radiographic work-up as well as biopsy are needed. Less common conditions such as tuberculosis or histiocytosis X requiring specific treatment can be diagnosed by pathology.

This paper is a clinical report on the use of eggshell as a bone substitute in oral surgery. Five volunteers who presented with a cystic cavity of the jaw with a mean size of 2 x 1 cm, were enrolled in the study. After enucleation of the cyst, the cavity was packed with eggshell powder. The results were assessed by clinical examination and repeated radiological examination at 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Two operative sites were checked at 2 months for histological examination. Clinically, the eggshell implants were very well tolerated. In 3 out of 5 patients, a progressive opacification of the cavities with a centripetal ossification occurred within 6 weeks. In one patient, a generalized resorption was noticed. Histological examination confirmed that eggshell powder was not osteoinductive, but it enhanced the bone regeneration from the margins. In conclusions, eggshell powder is a worth-while bone substitute because it is a safe and easily available material. However, only a modest beneficial effect can be expected on bone regeneration.

Dens in dente is a developmental anomaly, which, in some advanced cases, requires a combination of conventional and surgical endodontic treatment. The purpose of this article is to suggest how to treat a Type 3 (Oehlers classification) dens in dente.

The authors report three cases of radicular cyst developing into the maxillary sinus which was partially or completely obscured. Looking for a thin rim of cortical bone should be undertaken in case of opacity of maxillary sinus. This rim correspond to the floor of the sinus, which is lifted up by the cyst. If the attenuation value of the intrasinusal process is near of that of water, the diagnosis of radicular cyst invading the maxillary sinus is very likely and may indicate intraoral surgical approach.

Five out of 4,172 operated maxillary cysts (3 developed within the maxillary and 2 in the mandible) presented a malignant change of epithelium. In all these 5 cases histology demonstrated a transition from normal to cancerous epithelium. The overall percentage of malignant change was of 0.12%, with 0.077% for non-keratinized epithelium lining odontogenic cysts (3 cases) and 0.65%, that is 8 times higher, for keratinized ones (2 cases). Keratinization of cystic epithelium and chronic inflammatory lesions were the main risk factors.

Do we have to remove the impacted teeth? The pathology of an impacted tooth is reviewed by the author as well as the possible complications of its removal and others treatment possibilities. Seeing the increase of pathology and operative complications owing to the age, the author propounds the management of immature impacted third molars when they are not in a propitious position or when the posterior eruption space is reduced. About the impacted teeth covered partially or completely by soft tissue, his advice consists too in removing them if they don't have the possibility to take up good position on the dental arch.

Our work has two main aims: to identify oxygenated sterols that accompany cholesterol in dental cyst and to develop effective methods for "profile" analyses of these sterols. Attention as focused on a family of products derived from cholesterol, characterized by the presence of one or more oxygenated functions. More than fifty of these oxysterols are known and find most of time in different parts of the body. In the procedure, lipids are isolated from dental cyst, the fraction is trimethylsilylated and analysed by capillary gas chromatography. Sterols are identified by comparison with reference compounds. However, two sterols of particular interest, viz cholesterol alpha and beta epoxides, are so easily produced from cholesterol (even when rigorous precautions are taken) that indirect methods of analysis are strongly advisable. An adequate degree of quantification is possible for sterols such as 26-hydroxycholesterol (26OHCL), which do not arise significantly as artefacts. Even to verify the fraction which seems to be 26OHCL we used thin layer chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer.

We report about two cases of accidental radiological discovery of a radiolucent area that seemed to be related to the apex of the teeth. The diagnosis of a cyst is contested by performing a sialographic study of the submaxillary salivary gland, which demonstrates a benign abnormality known as Stafne's lacuna.

In this article, a statistical analysis describes 198 cases of post-endodontic failures referred from private practitioners for surgical retreatments. Biopsies of these lesions showed that 68.18 per cent of them were identified as apical granulomas, 3.5 per cent as cysts, 16.16 per cent as epitheliated granulomas and 12.12 per cent as "other" cases. The two main groups of causes associated with these failures are: technical errors (55.05 per cent of the cases) and procedural mistakes (17.68 per cent).

In this article, a statistical analysis describes 198 cases of post-endodontic failures referred from private practitioners for surgical retreatments. Biopsies of these lesions showed that 68.18 per cent of them were identified as apical granulomas, 3.5 per cent as cysts, 16.16 per cent as epitheliated granulomas and 12.12 per cent as "other" cases. The two main groups of causes associated with these failures are: technical errors (55.05 per cent of the cases) and procedural mistakes (17.68 per cent).

After briefly reviewing the use of the CO2 laser in dentistry, the authors will describe the materials and method for laser radiation after peri-apical surgery. The laser application will result in the sterilization of the apical region. The authors explain the importance of the "LASER-MIRROR" a mini contra-angle head which can maintain the integrity of the apex or minimize apical ressection while reflecting the laser beam at a 90 degree angle. Two case reports will be described and the authors will give the indications and contra-indications of their technic.

A case is reported that is exceptional in more than one respect. The mandibular region was the site of development of three cysts: a radiculo-dental cyst, a coronodental cyst in appearance but which could have been an epidermoid cyst and a typical epidermoid cyst. Lingual nerve lesions are a rare, major complication of implantations. Dismounting of a stable implant is a very rare occurrence. Histopathology showed a bone integration process in contact with the major part of implant, an interposed fibrous band existing in certain sectors only.

The present study gives the first evidence, through immunofluorescence, of the prostaglandins PGE2 in radicular cysts. The results are in agreement with literature. In addition, the immunofluorescence technique has also demonstrated the localization of prostaglandins inside the cyst cavity. In opposition to previous data, the present study also shows that epithelial cells seem to synthesize more PGE2 than fibroblasts and mononuclear components of the external connective tissue.

The periapical lesions, granuloma and cyst, are being dealt with in modern scientific articles. The ethiology, whether it be infectious, traumatic, physical or chemical, is reviewed and mention is made of the fact that pulpal necrosis or gangrene is a prerequisite for these chronic proliferous lesions. According to epidemiological studies, the granuloma is observed more often than the cyst and the cyst more often in the upper jaw bone. Furthermore, certain teeth show a particular susceptibility to one or the other of these lesions. An x-ray is not sufficient to assure the appropriate clinical diagnosis. Electrophoresis and histopathology does, however, allow one to do the same. Acting as an immunological entity, the granuloma is less of an immunological irritation than a local defense protective barrier.

Gangrenous cellulitis of the face of dental origin had a very abrupt onset, spread rapidly in spite of treatment and led to severe pleuropericardial complications. The outcome was favorable after repeated thoracic surgery. Preventive therapeutic measures for these major accidents are discussed, following a detailed report on the case presented and treatment modalities applicable, fatal outcomes still being possible in 1984 in spite of progress in therapy.

Dental infections are able to produce ocular diseases by direct metastatic reflex or allergic pathways. Generally, these diseases quickly heal after a symptomatic local treatment with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications associated to an etiologic therapy in order to eliminate the dental infection and the allergic hypersensitivity. The dental surgeon has a key position by promptly establishing a proper diagnosis and an efficient local treatment: the prognosis depends on these factors.