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The first transgenic experiments were described in the seventies and this technology expended in the eighties with the development of the microinjection, of embryonic stem cells and more recently of the animal cloning procedure. So far, it was only poorly influenced by the progress in gene therapy. The emergence of non-replicating lentiviral vectors and their use in transgenic experiments in the last ten years have validated a new technology that could be applied to various animal species. The aim of this review is to compare the different existing approaches and to try to highlight how, despite some limitations, these new vectors increase the range of applications of transgenesis in some species and open some new ones.