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Philosopher Byung-Chul Han argues that we are living in a transition from the “era of things to the era of non-things”. According to his perspective, things do not determine the world we live in: information does. Consequently, the profession of translation has become increasingly mechanized to meet the high demand for “information”, turning readers into compulsive consumers of words. Thus, there is a significant risk of confusing the symbolic representation of words with essential reality, neglecting the importance of context and paratext in the construction of meaning. This phenomenon can lead to a loss of meaning in the act of translation, diminishing its role as a bridge between cultures and languages. Borrowing from the axiom of Portuguese intellectual Rui Pereira in a society of “non-thought”, it is crucial to reflect on how “translating in times of non-translation” operates. In this regard, the objective of this essay is to analyze how paratranslation, from the Vigo School, can be understood as a space of resistance against a process of reification of the other’s existence in the act of translating. In the “AI era”, where translation has become an increasingly mechanized act, the examination of the paratexts surrounding this process serves as a way to return to the fundamental condition of translation: the human condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Hybride de l'Éducation (RHÉ) is the property of Universite du Quebec a Chicoutimi, Departement des sciences de l'Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Etudes Romanes de Brno is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Présence Francophone is the property of College of Holy Cross, Department of Modern Languages & Literatures and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An observation of organizations as social cells allows us to identify that they act within a framework of instrumental rationality, described and instrumented from the statements of the nascent sociology and, especially, by the thinking of Max Weber, pioneer of the bureaucratic school, who focused his statements on a teleological and at the same time procedural approach based on the interaction of the duality “should be” and “what to do”. This thinking became dominant in the so-called management sciences, generating actions characterized by domination over the human, its freedom and autonomy.The intellectual effort of this work is to find or contribute to a different approach in the management sciences, starting from the recognition of the historical context of the emergence of critical thinking, in the conception of the Frankfurt School, in a scenario of spiritual and cultural crisis that addressed the tasks of a redefinition of culture, the revision of ideal, hegemonic and central legacies of the thought of classical modernity, enlightened modernity, bourgeois modernity and its crisis of concepts such as reason, subjectivity, time, narrative, reality, progress, truth and value. Great importance is given to the production of Jürgen Habermas, identifying in his work the categories of “lifeworld”, “rationality” and “communication” and his critique of integrating mechanisms such as money through the market, power in the structure of organizations and solidarity generated by virtue of norms, values and communication.On these bases, the need for the theory of communicative action is justified in order to understand and overcome “instrumental rationality” so that social management (or inclusion) colonizes strategic management (or exclusion) and not as it has been happening socio-historically. Under the above perspectives, the aim of the article is to contribute to the debate on how to achieve an “economically efficient” and “humanly viable” management in order to find a reification of the empowerment of subjects, never their annihilation, since organizations are networks of the human fabric that transcends instrumental processes.

Due to the expansion of social media and the growing credibility gap of academic institutions, new forms of authority have emerged. In the liberalized language market, each individual tries to build his/her own credibility and personal authority. One of the rhetoric tools for this project is the removal of an interlocutor’s verbal authority. With this new rhetoric device, the speaker accuses his/her interlocutor of not being the author of one’s own speech, of one’s own thought. Relieving someone of one’s personal verbal authority is a new form of violence in verbal interactions, a way to forcibly silence other speakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aux yeux des auteurs africains américains, le Sud n’a eu de cesse d’ostraciser le Noir. Pour y parvenir, il emploie tout un arsenal idéologique raciste qu e des auteurs comme Gaines s’évertuent d’invalider. En s’appuyant sur une lecture socio sémiotique, cet article explore, dans un premier temps, le discours ségrégationniste visant à réifier le Noir pour ensuite l’écarter du développement social, culturel e t économique. Puis il s’intéresse à la réaction de la communauté noire. Celle ci est d’abord timide vu que les sujets noirs n’opposent pas au langage raciste de la superstructure celui d’une conscience collective militante. Toutefois, en rétablissant l’hom me noir dans sa dignité le tout sur fond de messianisme, Gaines l’anoblit et le débarrasse des préjugés et clichés dégradants.

The idea of the constructed character of social reality implies human contribution to institutional arrangements and cultural patterns that determine the shape of collective existence. The article examines the specific features of social construction seen and studied in phenomenological approach by A. Schutz, P. Berger, Th. Luckmann. The concept reveals significance of daily cognitive style which enables people to structure and understand the world they share with others, escaping situations fraught with gaps of meanings and anomy. The author of the article analyzes the process of social construction, distinguishing it from imaginary building of reality that goes beyond the existed order. Reality of daily life is compared with fictional society represented in J.L. Borges’ “Lottery in Babylon”. Telling about the social construction as it may be, the story demonstrates the similarities between the mental procedures that underlie real and antiutopian (inhuman) routines. The article also centers on peculiarities of phenomenological beholder’s attitude towards sociality. On the one hand, it tends to be free from any theoretical abstractions, imaginary constructions or critical destruction of reality, on the other - inclines to transcend the reified forms of social being and engenders a certain critical message.

The place where man’s identity is inscribed, the body constantly undergoes transfigurations that reshape the individual’s relationship with the world. The characters of Ionesco are in crisis (Robert Abirached), their identity dissolution being in fact a consequence of the disorders of their bodily integrity. Identity is reduced to the body, but this body is damaged, weakened, fragmented, crippled, mutilated, animalized, reified, mechanized. In this way, man integrates and submits to the object system, feels “objectified, reified by the objects that surround him” (Ionesco), having no control over himself or over the things that seem to be dominated by it. On the stage, the props, the decor and the bodies of the characters merge and even become interchangeable. Sick bodies, aged bodies, rotten bodies, puppet bodies, metamorphosed bodies or the dead bodies of the characters proliferate on the stage and are assimilate to objects, burying all humanity itself. This process of reification of the body is a subject to the law of Time, of a destructive time, "accomplice of evil" (Paul Vernois), seen as the enemy of the immutable identity of man, leading him definitively towards agony and death. The loss of humanity leads to an objectification of the body, so that the characters acquire a different dimension which places them between the organic and the mechanical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rules are often recognized or identified by players as one of the criteria for identifying whether an activity is a game or not. Edited boardgames are also defined by Brougère (2021 [1979]) by the association of game rules with game elements. However, we observe that this transmission of rules by reading them is only partial. Indeed, during games evenings or club activity we observe that oral transmission is favored by the core gamers. Thus, with the proliferation of game rules explanation videos, we can observe that some players are now looking for tutorials of digital versions of boardgames to learn and improve their practice. This paper intends to study the issue posed by the transmission of the rules among the core gamers. Since the social legitimacy around the mastery of the rules, the ability to transmit them, to communicate them effectively or to learn them quickly conflicts with the effort to provide a real gateway to the practice of boardgames.

Introduction

Cette contribution veut montrer comment les réflexions de Ferruccio Rossi-Landi (1921-1985), dont certaines inédites et présentées pour la première fois dans cette étude, enrichissent celles de Lucien Goldmann (1913-1970) sur les concepts d’idéologie, de réification et de vision du monde, permettant ainsi de comprendre l’usage possible de la sémiotique rossi-landienne à l’intérieur d’une sociologie matérialiste-dialectique de la littérature telle que Goldmann la concevait.

In an ever-changing environment, the question of the meaning of care within a caring, ethical framework is of paramount importance. The development of a patient-centred approach relies on an understanding of the Other. Caring and empathy are the essential foundations of this approach. An attempt to analyze practices through a few notions of ethics can be proposed., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Enthymema is the property of Enthymema, International Journal of Literary Criticism, Literary Theory & Philosophy of Literature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes the emergence of a Miami music industry that specializes in the production, promotion, and distribution of “Latino” music. Using a socioeconomic approach, the author shows how, starting in the early 1980s, the Florida city gradually established itself as a hub for the development of a reified musical genre central to the “multiscalar” strategy of the dominant industry players.

This paper studies the New Novel's rhetoric (Nouveau Roman) in order to requalify, thanks to a dialectical approach, its positive definition in a negative way. Through a philosophical critique of the novelistic discourse, the aim is to highlight the theoretical power of novels which pay attention, in a rhetorical perspective, to the body thematic, the body considered as a fundamental and full component of a subjectivity determined by material and external structures. The New Novel, analyzed first as an expression of a "sensible objectivity," gives rise to a materialist and negative dialectic and has to be understood as an immanent critique of social, political, and historical structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Présence Francophone is the property of College of Holy Cross, Department of Modern Languages & Literatures and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ce texte s’intéresse à la méthode d’évaluation de la nature mise en œuvre dans le cadre de l’United Kingdom National Ecosystem Assessment (UK NEA) dont le rapport de synthèse a été publié en juin 2011. Il analyse cette démarche en mettant au jour le processus de réification des rapports de l’homme à la nature qu’elle opère. Ces rapports, fondamentalement subjectifs, sont objectivés au travers des étapes de catégorisation, d’inscription et de quantification. Il en ressort qu’au-delà des seuls débats sur l’évaluation de la nature, les résultats de ce type de démarche, par ailleurs préconisée par l’ONU et la Banque mondiale, doivent être interprétés avec un certain recul car les présupposés idéologiques qui sous-tendent le raisonnement proposent une vision restrictive de la nature et du bien-être des hommes.

O artigo propõe discutir em que medida a categoria da reificação pode auxiliar a educação na leitura dos processos de estetização do mundo da vida. No giro da formação cultural, a dialética colocara o indivíduo, ou o em si, em contraposição com o mundo, num processo de alienação ou de estranhamento com o outro que conduzia à progressão gradativa do espírito em direção a um reino de mais liberdade. Marx subverte a relação ao dizer que a reificação ocorre no sentido contrário, isto é, na materialidade do trabalho alienado que transforma regressivamente o sujeito em algo sempre igual, em objeto, em coisa, isto é, no mesmo. A educação, ao avaliar as contribuições da cultura visual, também ficou dividida entre considerar se, de fato, ela representa a assunção do mesmo ou do outro, o vivo ou morto. Cabe analisar se a realização de uma leitura dos processos de estetização do ponto de vista desta categoria, compreendida no sentido hermenêutico, possibilita então uma saída deste impasse.

Trata-se aqui de umas notas de trabalho sobre o tema da técnica em Theodor W. Adorno. O ensaio Educação após Auschwitz e um conjunto de aforismos que compõem o livro Minima moralia são tomados como fontes principais, mas também como roteiro de investigação. As críticas de Adorno à técnica aparecem em vários registros e privilegiamos, nos marcos de nossa reflexão, as relacionados ao corpo e à produção da consciência, elementos que se combinam diversamente nas obras pesquisadas, mas que encontram seu desiderato na crítica ao mundo administrado e aos destinos da subjetividade. Nossos resultados mostram que nas reflexões de Adorno o profundo processo de embrutecimento do humano e a supressão de quaisquer traços de particularidade aparecem intimamente relacionados com o crescente processo de tecnificação, o que por sua vez engendra uma certa pedagogia dos gestos e do corpo. Sugere-se, neste sentido, que a técnica mais refinada não necessariamente leva a um aumento das possibilidades humanas, mas, talvez encaminhe, tendencialmente, a uma escravização do corpo por meio da incorporação dos processos reificadores da tecnificação.This paper brings some work notes on the topic of technique by Theodor W. Adorno. The essay Education after Auschwitz and some of the aphorisms in Minima moralia are taken as main sources, and also as part of an investigation plan. Adorno's criticism of technique appears in several parts of his work. In our reflection, we have prioritized criticism related to the body and the production of conscience, as they are elements which have different combinations in the researched texts, but a common goal in the criticism of the administered world and the destiny of subjectivity. Our results show that, in Adorno's reflections, the deep process of human brutalization and the suppression of any particularity traits are closely related to the growing technification process, which engenders a certain gesture and body pedagogy. It's suggested, in that sense, that the most refined techniques do not necessarily increase human possibilities. On the contrary, they may lead to body slavery through the incorporation of technifying reification processes.

O presente trabalho se orienta pela hipótese de que a reflexão sobre a linguagem e a crítica do fetichismo mercantil, de Guy Debord, são aspectos inseparáveis de um único e mesmo ponto de partida da crítica da "sociedade do espetáculo", centrado na crítica da linguagem e da forma-mercadoria. Debord se posiciona por uma transição, no que diz respeito ao horizonte da reflexão estética e social sobre a linguagem, do conceito de expressão ao de comunicação ou diálogo. Ele busca recolher e manter, ultrapassando-a, a natureza crítica da expressão não-comunicativa (e, por isso, refratária à "pseudocomunicação" da sociedade burguesa), tal como concebida e experienciada pela arte moderna e as vanguardas do início do século XX, formulando a perspectiva crítica social da comunicação direta.The present work is oriented by the hypothesis that Guy Debord's reflection on language and criticism of the commodity fetishism are inseparable aspects of a single and same point of departure of the criticism of "the society of the spectacle", centred on the criticism of language and commodity-form. Debord sets his view on a transition, concerning the horizon of the aesthetic and social reflection on language, from the concept of expression to that of communication or dialogue. He seeks to compile, maintain and surpass the critical characteristic of uncommunicative expression (and, therefore, refractory to the pseudo communication of the bourgeois society), as it was conceived and experienced by modern art and the vanguards of the beginning of the 20th century, formulating the social critical perspective of direct communication.

This article analyzes how the exclusion of freelance journalists from the core group of legitimate French journalists during the inter-war period can be interpreted as being simultaneously an indicator and a result of the social logic of reification of both journalism and journalists. With the benefit of almost a century of hindsight, the author examines the historical branding of freelance journalists as illegitimate and challenges the argument that this branding was the sole workings and result of the reification of legitimate journalism and journalistic practices, whose genesis and effects extended far beyond the perimeters of this profession.

This article attempts to provide a new look at an old idea within Marxist discourse. Reification, as first imagined by Marx and later Lukacs, describes a process by which capitalism transforms human beings and social relations into things. Although the concept has been subjected to much abstraction and reinvention over the years, this article attempts to address a foundational problem that has remained unsolved since its inception: Close analysis reveals that the concept of reification has never been developed to include an example of an alternative or non-reified state of being. To solve this foundational problem, I look beyond Marxism and to the phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty. For Merleau-Ponty, the body is our primary vehicle for being-in-the-world, but what makes his philosophy unique is his emphasis on embodied subjectivity, as well as his dialectical conception of corporeality and being-in-the-world. From this view, the social and material worlds can best be understood as dynamic realms of intersubjectivity, while sentient beings always exist as subjects prior to the reifying effects of capitalism. Building upon an ongoing dialectic between the ideas of Marx, Lukacs, Merleau-Ponty and others, I will ultimately reframe the concept of reification as a objectifying tendency, precipitating from capitalism’s ability to obscure the lived experience of the phenomenal body.

Numerous contemporary French anticipation novels include a variety of possible mutations that are at the limits of humankind and tend towards dangerous identity changes. If the denouncing of totalitarian projects is not in and of itself a new aspect in this genre of literature, what characterizes recent literary productions nonetheless focuses on the idea of a reification of humankind, which stems from technical and commercialized reproduction, in the wake of which converge medias, power, and technoscience, to differing degrees. This notion of reification will be addressed in three fictional works marked by the cyberpunk esthetic: Cosmos Incoporated (2008) by Maurice Dantec, Nouvelle Vie™ et autres récits (2011) by Pierre Bordage, and the video game Remember Me (2013), whose primary narrative writers are the science fiction authors Alain Damasio and Stéphane Beauverger. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In order to understand the ways in which the attitudes towards young dropouts are built, one can first look at objective data concerning school trajectories and second, point out the main features of their curriculum viewed by experts on the subject and last, see how the scientific world has recently taken hold of the problem. This analysis is based on literature recently imported in France on “deschooling”, and on a large scale survey which took place in Picardie, Poitou-Charentes and in the region of Paris. It shows how the social background, the school conditions which lead to such trajectories are oversha-dowed and the professional and scientific logics which may lead to such a reification of the phenomenon.