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Surface Water Absorption Test (SWAT) has long been proposed as a non-destructive testing device for evaluation and grading of the quality of the cover concrete and standardization of SWAT is still in process. In this study, the acceptability and validity of a new water sorptivity index of the SWAT method - the coefficient of surface water absorption (CSWA), are appraised by a correlative assessment between CSWA and the coefficient of air permeability (kT values) measured by the Torrent’s double chamber air permeability device. The tests were conducted on fourteen different kinds of concrete at different ages, produced with three different cement types, four water-to-binder ratios, and four curing conditions. The results revealed a good correlation between CSWA and kT for both the specimens with uniform moisture content and the ones with varying degrees of moisture gradients. The findings validate the CSWA as an effective quality control index during design as well as a durability quantifier for evaluating the water absorption resistance of in-situ concrete structures.

This empirical study, “Augmented Reality and Artificial Intelligence in Smart Manufacturing,” reveals how these two technologies are revolutionizing the manufacturing industry. The results, which are based on real data, highlight the significant effects of integrating AI and AR. Notably, after installation, productivity indicators saw an average improvement of 8.5% across production lines, highlighting the effectiveness of AR and AI in improving production operations. Furthermore, the average number of completed product faults dropped by 3.5, demonstrating the effectiveness of AI and AR in quality control. The average 47.5% decrease in repair requests highlights the predictive maintenance's potential for cost savings made possible by AR and AI. The relevance of AR and AI as critical factors influencing productivity, quality, and affordability in smart manufacturing is further supported by this empirical data.

A comparison of the use of big data computing in Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 was carried out utilizing data collected from the actual world for the purpose of this research. The findings suggest that there has been a 2% drop in the number of faulty items produced in Industry 5.0, coupled with a 1% decrease in the amount of energy used in highly automated companies. According to the findings of the quality control, fault Type B accounts for around 65 percent of the overall defects in Industry 4.0. The results highlight the benefits of Industry 5.0, which capitalizes on human-machine cooperation, data-driven processes, and customized products and services. These insights help to contribute to manufacturing processes that are more efficient, more sustainable, and more quality-driven. Big data computing, Industry 4.0 and 5.0, quality control, and energy efficiency are some of the keywords to look for.

Summary.: As part of the 25th edition of the Francophone Virology Days, Pr. Frédéric Laurent held the conference "Phages and phage therapy: from Félix d'Hérelle to 2.0 phages". Frédéric Laurent detailed the history of phages: from their discovery and their first use in early 1920s, through their abandonment in Western world in the 1940s in favor of antibiotics, then their reappearance in recent years within the context of the emergence of multi-resistant bacterial strains. Throughout this presentation, Pr. Laurent also detailed general functioning of phages, their chain of bioproduction and quality control, the progress to be made in the compassionate treatment of patients in therapeutic failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY Introduction: Cassia alata (L) Roxb belonging to the Fabaceae family is widely used in the treatment of dermatoses. The quality control of herbal products remains very difficult due to their complex phytochemical composition. This study aims to develop a chromatographic fingerprint by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and a chemical tracer characterized by UV spectrophotometry that will be used for phytochemical analysis of a hydroethanol extract of fresh leaves of Cassia alata (L) Roxb (EHCA) and a finished product based on this extract (mitraca soap). Methodology: Phytochemical screening was performed on EHCA. A spectrophotometric analysis was then performed. The tracer of the selected extract was searched in a soap following the guidelines of the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of anthracenosides, saponosides, steroidal and triterpene glycosides, leucoanthocyanosides, tannins and flavonoids. A more visible fluorescent orange spot with an Rf of 0.52 ± 0.01 observed at 365 nm was established as tracer. It is detected at a threshold of 0.69 ± 0.01 mg/mL. TLC performed on the extract provided a good separation of this tracer characterized as an anthracenoside. The resolution factor to evaluate the separation with the other peaks was estimated to be 1.83 ± 0.01. This anthracenoside compound showed four absorption maxima at 223, 274, 284, 292 nm. It was also found in the C. alata soap. The orange compound (anthracenoside) is located at Rf 0.52 ± 0.01 at 365 nm similar to that of the initial pure extract. Conclusion: The selected tracer could be used to control the quality of the finished products based on this extract and in particular the soap. Key words: Cassia alata, quality control, tracer, anthracenoside, hydroethanol extract.

Copyright of Virologie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Française de Géotechnique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Glossary of the Patois of Western Switzerland is a pioneering citizen science project in the field of linguistics and dialectology: born at the end of the 19th century, it has been continuously funded, and active, ever since. The Glossary is based on the collection and analysis of the local variants of the French-speaking patois, which were threatened by rapid extinction, through the written exchange of questionnaires, instructions, data and feedbacks with a network of dedicated "correspondents". In this article, we analyse this project with a modern reading grid by looking at how citizen participation in a research project was conceived and designed more than a hundred years ago. We examine three types of questions: the scientific objectives of the project and its historical context; the design and organisation of citizen collaboration in the project, in particular the nature of the tasks entrusted to citizens and the strategies for controlling the quality of the data; and finally, the various communication tools of the project, which allowed citizen participation during a long (10 years) data collection process, as well as the continuous engagement of the political funders (French-speaking Cantons and the Swiss Confederation) during 125 years so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess the impact of disparities in production and analytical control processes on the quality of parenteral nutrition (PN) preparations produced in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region., Methods: This study was carried out in four hospital pharmacies of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. To assess the impact of production processes, each centre produced ten PN preparations from the same prescription. Analytical controls (sodium, potassium and calcium dosage) were carried out on all the preparations. To assess the impact of the control processes, a batch of ten preparations was produced from the same prescription. Samples were sent to the four hospital pharmacies for analytical control (sodium, potassium and calcium dosage)., Results: Measurements of relative production bias show that there is a significant difference between the preparations from the four centres in terms of sodium and potassium content. Each centre had at least one production bias for one of the three electrolytes measured. Concerning analytical controls, there was a significant difference between the four centres in the sodium and potassium levels measured. With the exception of calcium, all the centres reported measurements within the usual specifications of±10% of the target value. The results obtained have no clinically significant impact., Conclusion: The diversity of NP practices has a real impact on the quality of the preparations made. A regional collaboration should be envisaged to standardise patient care., (Copyright © 2023 Académie Nationale de Pharmacie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The paper presents the results of continuity study of secant piles in excavated pits at microtunnelage by means of seismoacoustic flaw detection. The piles under study were placed in the work pits and the reception pits excavated for transfer of utilities of the urban networking infrastructure. The importance of the quality control is stipulated by safety assurance of the performance during utility re-routing. The piles provide for the important function of pit wall reinforcement against soil slides due to groundwater pressure. Reflectograms were provided of the auger-cast grout piles under study with subsequent analysis and confirmation of the design length and continuity of the pile trunk. The results of the test demonstrate a correlation of the soil uniformity with the signal regularity. On the interface of two soil layers of different density, the sound wave is reflected and partially passes further generating characteristic false defect peaks. The provided results are of practical value during reflectogram processing, allowing for experimental recognition of interferences and exclusion of flaws.

Currently, improving the quality of repair-construction works is an important complex problem, insufficient attention to which inevitably leads to an increase in the cost of repair-construction works, an increase in operating costs, an increase in the number of current and overhaul repairs, as well as a decrease in the time between repairs, worsening the quality of life of consumers. In the worst cases, a low level of quality of repair and construction work can lead to accidents, become a source of threat to life and health, leading to accidents.

This study examines the risk management practices prevalent in the South African construction industry. This was necessitated by ineffective risk management practices in the construction industry, particularly in developing countries such as South Africa. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to establish the risk management practices in use. The study adopted a quantitative research approach that employs an electronic questionnaire to contractors operating in South Africa. The findings suggest that the South African construction industry experiences ineffective risk management implementation, which is impacted by the perception of the risk severity. The study established that contractors face many risks, chief among them high competition in bids, political instability, payment delays, corruption and bribery and an overbearing influence of bureaucratic processes from government-aligned agencies. Furthermore, it was also established that risk management techniques used amongst South African contractors are largely informal with low implementation. It also emerged that risk management implementation is perceived to be an expensive venture that erodes the marginal profits contractors aim to make. Resultantly, risk management practices implementation is low among the contractors. The study recommends that public and private construction clients encourage adopting risk management practices linked to good practice and not based on perceptions of risk severity.

Quality control and quality assurance are important parts of a quality management system, therefore quality planning, quality assurance, and quality control are all part of a quality management system in the construction sector. There are numerous approaches to put into effect for a quality management system in the construction business, which can be done at the company or project level. The motive of this work is to analyze the influence of quality control and quality assurance on building projects by using the RII method of analyses so as to know the relative importance of different factors critical to quality in construction. At the initial stage of this research a questionnaire was developed with thirty seven factors grouped into five groups 153 questionnaires were distributed to professionals and skilled workers in various construction sites belonging to different construction companies within the study area while 136 were returned, data obtained from respondents was analyzed by the use of the statistical package for social science (SPSS) after which the RII method was used to identify the relative importance of the various factors. The impact of various factors were discussed and recommendations were made. The case study area is construction sites in Kebbi state Nigeria. Therefore data obtained was statistically measured and analyzed accordingly.

The process of managing a stock of existing bridges and structures is extremely complex and challenging. At the same time, it is considered as one of the most relevant and important fields for civil engineers, involving academics, researchers, consultants, contractors, and owners. Indeed, in the recent years, several national and international RD funded projects raised this topic, and many international associations, such as EuroStruct, IABSE fib, started commissions and task groups on this field. This work consists on an overview of the most recent matters on this field, covering the whole cycle, from the quality control, addressing extreme events, to the decision making process. Also, it will be given a focus on the recent developments on the assessment and forecasting the performance of bridge and other structures. Finally, an overview will be made for different types of structures, specifically those related to transport infrastructures.

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Any accounting firm need to develop a system of quality control (SQC), which have the purpose to offer a reasonable assurance, that the accountants or the auditors, and their personnel, respect the professional standards and any legal or regulatory requirements, and the reports issued are appropriate, with the circumstances. The quality control system contains polices and their implementation is achieved through a system of procedures. A company can have a system of quality control, but only as a form, and as result, it is very important for everyone to be able to assess, how effective such a system works. An effective quality control means more than compliance with rules and provisions, and this is the reason why, for an accounting firm, it is very important, not just to have the system, but, also, to have some methods to evaluate how effective this system is. A lot of benefits can result from a robust SQC, regarding competitiveness on the market and the financial performance, and through monitoring controls, an accounting firm apply tests to ensure that controls are designed and works properly. The paper has the purpose to identify whether the accounting practices, small and medium, know how to evaluate the effectiveness of quality control system, and in connection with is, whether they have enough information to develop a set of indicators, which could measure the effectiveness of the firm’s SQC The research is based on descriptive statistics applied on the results of a survey addressed to small and medium practices in accounting and auditing. The results can make their contribution to disseminating how to design the system of indicators used to evaluate the effectiveness of the quality control system. The findings of the paper are not very optimistic, but if, at least it draws attention to the importance of building a set of indicators to measure the effectiveness of the quality control system, the objective has been achieved.

Determining the concrete compressive strength is an important issue for both existing and new constructions. Existing constructions, subject to retrofit and / or extension, require the determination of concrete compressive strength in specific elements, for the realistic and correct evaluation of the structure in terms of overall strength and stability. New constructions, on the other hand, may face situations when there are doubts about the quality of the delivered concrete, the casting operations or other technological or design flaws. The correct determination of the actual concrete compressive strength may be essential in evaluating the structural health and identifying the optimum design and technological solutions for the evaluated building. Non-destructive methods for determining the concrete strength are, by definition, minimally invasive methods, namely they do not affect the integrity of the structure. This paper provides a comparison between the combined non-destructive method and the destructive, classical method for compressive strength determination.

Research Abstract:The aim of the research is improving the quality of publications by applying the latest quality techniques to the digital print production lines. The digital printing machines include advanced means of controlling the quality of the printed material. They can be used to perform the time correction on the operating line, the study included a description of the latest systems that have proven successful in achieving the high quality in the typography. This paper includes a description and application of one of the systems used. To measure and control the quality of printed on digital printing machines. Hence the research problem which includes High percentage of paper waste due to the long time it takes to determine the the printing fault by means of measuring devices separate from the machine, And correct it on the machine controller to translate it into signals sent to the devices and units of the machine responsible for correcting the deviation. In addition to The special nature of some types of printing inks used in Modern printing techniques, which Imposed on owners of these presses to operate a very limited range of paper types. So it was the aim of the research is Reducing the percentage of materials waste by applying the newly developed quality techniques designed to quickly detect and determine the deviation and modify it quickly. And use a wide range of paper in the market even non-processed paper, which can be operated on the developed printing machines with the same quality of high-quality paper. The research followed the analytical descriptive method. By reviewing the above, it is possible to achieve the following results: -save a large percentage of paper waste as well as reduce the time required in the process of correction and modification of deviations and Improve and refine the surface of printed paper and the efficiency of surface properties by adding some materials to the substrate to be printed before printing so that the color remains on the surface fibers.

Ensuring the effective use of a dose calibrator used for the practice of nuclear medicine, and the injection of the correct dose to the patient is the subject of a long traceable calibration chain, which serves to establish the relationship between the values of the activity indicated by the dose calibrator and the activity corresponding to ISO 2919 certified sealed sources whose activity is known with an uncertainty of less than 1 %. Our calibration program consists in carrying out various quality control on the CRC 55TR activimeter, namely the daily control which is carried out in the absence of any radioactive source, then the fidelity control carried out by a source of 37Cs and a source of 60Co, then the reproducibility check performed with a 137Cs source, and finally the linearity check performed with a 99mTc source. In our case the results obtained from the specific tests used to verify the proper functioning of the Capintec CRC 55tR activimeter in a nuclear medicine service in Morocco, shows an agreement with international standards so that the measurement of activities is done with significant results, in addition, to guarantee the metrological quality of the measurements delivered, Our laboratory registers in an accreditation process according to ISO 17025.

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Introduction: In France, the number of hospitals involved in clinical research and committed to a quality approach is increasing. The objective of such approaches is to ensure the safety of patients involved in research projects by improving quality., Objective: The University Hospital of Amiens has chosen to certify all its clinical research activities in the same scope according to the ISO 9001: 2015 standard., Methods: Action planning has been established and a head of quality management has been appointed to oversee this process., Results: The activities in the five departments of our university hospital jointly certified in December 2019, are: activities related to internal and external sponsors, as well as methodology and monitoring of clinical research projects conducted in the Clinical Research and Innovation Department (CRID); help with clinical research investigations in the Clinical Research Center (CRC); management of the pathway of therapeutic units used in clinical research (excluding the manufacture of drugs) in the Clinical Trials Unit (CTU) of the Hospital Pharmacy; the conservation and provision of biological resources (tissues and fluids) for cancer research in the Tumor bank of Picardy; the collection, reception, preparation, quality control, conservation and provision of biological resources for research purposes. These activities fall within the framework of legal and regulatory activities and the provision of secure storage in the Biological Resources Center already ISO 9001 certified since 2004 and NF S96-900: 2011 certified since 2009., Conclusions: The choice of a common quality approach has brought together more than 70 persons from 5 departments involved in clinical research projects within a single certificate with the aim of continuous improvement., (Copyright © 2022 Société française de pharmacologie et de thérapeutique. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The relevance of implementing BIM technologies at all stages of the building's life cycle from design to decision-making on its demolition is shown. Variants of the stress-strain state of buildings and structures are considered. An algorithm for analyzing incoming information and making decisions about major repairs, reconstruction, or demolition of an object is developed, depending on the values of parameters, their duration, and combinations obtained from sensors installed during their construction. The use of fiber-optic sensors for obtaining information and subsequent analysis of the state of the building structure and determining dangerous movements of its individual elements is proposed.

The features of the technology for the monolithic floors construction using void formers have been studied, its disadvantages have been identified and the ways to eliminate them have been proposed. At the first stage of this work, the reasons for the low quality of monolithic floors with void formers were studied by the method of visual and measuring control, and by comparing with known scientific and industrial data. At the second stage, by the method of systematization the main defects and damages arising in the construction, repair and usage of these floor slabs were classified and ways to eliminate them were proposed. At the third stage, the features of the quality control system, carried out directly during the construction of monolithic floor slabs using void formers, were studied, the composition of operations and control tools were proposed. According to the research results, it was found that the use of steel-fiber concrete in floors with non-removable void formers allows to reduce the percentage of reinforcement by 9.82%, compared to other known options, and also to reduce the consumption of concrete in comparison with a solid monolithic slab almost by half. The proposed quality control system will improve the efficiency of monolithic floor slabs using void formers.

In construction, the dimensional attribute is vital and difficult to achieve, within special together alongside embedded elements. As a result, a Quality Assessment/Quality Control (QA/QC) bear among pursuance together with continuing to be performed. They are arranged systematically, as much rapidly delays the value-adding action. According to QA/QC dosage, current techniques into account are labor-intensive, time-consuming, yet because concerning hence a whole lot cause costs. Consequently, QA/QC strategies alongside overarching dimension are oft-neglected as awful specialist approaches, so do also equip misleading outcomes into the QA/QC field, afterward government into conformity along with complete exchange but defeat among the after. While a substantial amount concerning techniques afterward auspicious algorithm amongst

In the process of receiving Avtur/Jet A-1 by PT. XYZ, the product received often does not meet the specification standard on the Electrical Conductivity. To overcome, doping Stadis 450 was carried out which could increase the Conductivity Unit. In the doping process, there are inefficiencies in the use of the Stadis 450. The result obtained indicates that all the final CUs are not following the CU target with an average difference of 41.67 pS/m. Also, the current pandemic conditions have resulted in the stockpiling of Avtur/Jet A-1 in the stockpile tank for a longer time. So that PT. XYZ increases the CU target in the doping process so the CU value can be appropriate when used. Determination of CU targets in trial and error without standard considerations will lead to waste in the use of Stadis 450 and increase the potential for discrepancies that occur in the doping process. To minimize, a reduction in CU Avtur/Jet A-1 is calculated as one of the suggestions in considering the CU target to be achieved. The result of the observed decline based on hoarding data showed that there was an average decline of 6.4646 pS/m per day.

Introduction: the sterilization of surgical drapes plays an important role in preventing infections associated with treatments. At the CNHU-HKM, sterilization procedure for drapes encounters problems. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors associated with the quality of sterilization of surgical drapes at the CNHU-HKM. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study focusing on 20 sterile surgical drapes, 41 agents were involved in the management of drapes and 55 members of the surgical team. The probabilistic method was used for sterile surgical drapes, the non-probabilistic method for the others. Pearson's Chi-square Test and logistic regression were used to find the association, with a significant threshold and a p<0.05. Results: eighty six point forty six percent of subjects were males with an average age of 42 years. The quality of the process of sterilization of the operative drapes was not good in the two departments responsible for processing the drapes. Bacteriological analysis showed that, out of 20 sterile surgical drapes, 9 had Acinetobacter spp. a multidrug-resistant germ causing nosocomial infections. Multivariate analysis showed that professional experience (p=0.015) and quality control of the procedure (p=0.034) were statistically associated with the quality of sterilization. Conclusion: the presence of Acinetobacter spp. on the sterilized drapes demonstrates that sterilization of drapes at the CNHU-HKM is of poor quality. Measures strengthening the skills of providers are necessary to improve the quality of sterilization procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: quality of care is essential to save people living with different diseases. However, inappropriate diagnosis may in no case lead to proper patient management as well as to quality of care. We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive analysis in three laboratories at the General Hospitals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Methods: a team of national experts in the field of laboratories conducted a survey in the three clinical laboratories of the General Hospitals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Observations, visits and structured interviews using a questionnaire were used to assess the performance of these clinical laboratories. We also used a national evaluation guidance for the assessment of laboratories. Results: the clinical laboratories of the General Hospitals visited showed many deficits, in particular, in infrastructures, in the basic and continuous training of the personnel, in the equipment, in supervision and quality control. Technical performances of these laboratories were not adapted to meet the needs of the population with regard to diseases frequently encountered in these areas. We also noted that these laboratories are little or almost not assisted and that there was no coordination team dedicated to the supervision and the assessment of laboratories in the hospital or even in the health zone. In addition, technicians working in their different laboratories had not been supervised over many years. Conclusion: clinical laboratory improvement would allow for proper diagnosis of different diseases. This improvement should take into account local diseases. Within the system, it is important to devote more attention to clinical laboratories. Advocacy for this neglected component of the health system is necessary, as this situation could be the same in many developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Offset lithography is one of the most common ways of creating printed materials. Compared to other printing methods, offset printing is best suited for economically producing large volumes of high quality prints in a manner that requires little maintenance. Because of the high speed and the high volume of the printing press, we have to rely on automation for press control and not just to the printer’s eye. When printing an image that has more than one color, it is necessary to print each color separately and ensure each color overlaps the others precisely. If this is not done, the finished image will look fuzzy, blurred or "out of register". To help line the colors up correctly, a system of registration is necessary. Therefore, the use of an automated real time quality control system will result in a more consistent color for the customer and less waste for the printer.

The Lyon Hospitals Board (HCL) hemostasis laboratory has shifted from a frequentist to a long-term Bayesian approach to IQC results management, using the Hemohub® software of the Werfen corporation, which hosts the requisite Bayesian tools. IQC plans based on supplier specifications proved effective in managing analytic risk in line with the ISO 15189 standard. Long-term Hemohub® control and monitoring has been validated by acceptable feedback from the EQA organization used by the hemostasis community.

Stability study of biological products plays an important role for determination of product changes in maintenance period and ensuring of safety and efficacy of vaccines. In this research, accelerated and long-term stability study performed for six batches of full and reduced-dose cattle Iriba strain brucellosis vaccine that manufactured by Razi vaccine and serum research institute as a new vaccine. After sampling, the vaccines were tested for accelerated stability, after four days storage at 22 0C and tested intervals in three months until 24 months for long-term stability after storage at 2-8 0C. The result indicated all batches of vaccines in accelerated stability met the specification recommended by OIE 2012 and the mean loss of activity for full-dose was 16.68, 18.87 and 17.79 % and for reduced-dose was 38.85, 36.06 and 34.98 %. In long term stability, the quality control tests including colony forming unit, purity, dissociation and physicochemical tests in all samples until 24 months, met the specification recommended by OIE 2012. The full-dose vaccines showed a mean loss of activity of 30.73, 25.53 and 32.45 % and the reduced-dose vaccines showed 63.51, 58.60 and 60.83 %. The mean increasing of moisture content was, 187.85, 214.13 and 160.77 % for full-dose and 142.35, 110.23 and 164.47 % for reduced-dose. So, the results of this research indicated in spite of moisture content increasing in second year, the brucellosis vaccines with this strain are stable at least 24months if the cold chain considered properly but the best expiry date for the vaccine is one year.

In the Mémoires pour servir à l’histoire de Louis XIV and the Mémoires de l’abbé de Choisy habillé en femme, the abbot of Choisy, who proposes to give an account of his life as well as drawing a portrait of Louis XIV, mobilizes different regimes of memory. Hybridizing fictionnal and real history, while intertwining historical and subjective time, Choisy underlines the boundaries that traditionally separate personal memory and national history. The memorialist’s project appears both ambiguous and scandalous, as the story of the Sun King’s exploits coexists with autobiographical elements detailing the abbot’s transvestite adventures. This article shows that the experience of memory and that of identity are bound under the sign of the travesty, which is a means of dissimulation and unveiling of oneself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simon de Hesdin cites his translations of several classical Latin texts, but is only known to us through his translation and extensive commentary of the first books of Valerius Maximus’ Factorum dictorumque memorabilium libri, with its dedication to Charles V, based in part on the commentary by Dionigi da Borgo Sansepolcro. Some years later Nicolas de Gonesse completed the translation and commentary, citing Boccaccio and Petrarch, considered to be the fathers of Italian Humanism. A widely held view holds that Simon de Hesdin is emblematic of mediaeval culture, whereas Nicolas de Gonesse is considered to display the marks of a nascent Humanism originating in Italy. Evidence is provided that shows that Simon de Hesdin shares the same points of view and very similar methods, and that these originate not in Italy but in northern France, some found in Vincent de Beauvais, and others in lesser known sources. Such for instance is the Laus Pisonis, an extremely rare text of remarkable literary quality: Simon de Hesdin drew it from a source similar to the Florilegium Gallicum. The text is not cited by Vincent de Beauvais in France, nor is it referred to by either Petrarch or Boccaccio. A number of scholars in Northern France began to explore and recognize the value of old and rare texts such as the Laus Pisonis, also translating them: a kind of Humanism before Humanism, which suggests that we need to re-consider some over-rigid historiographical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé But de l’étude Au Burkina Faso, des normes nationales ont étés définies pour les produits sanguins labiles (PSL) et les centres de transfusion sanguine doivent mettre en place un contrôle qualité produits finis (CQPF) pour s’assurer que leur production les respectent et le cas échéant, mettre en place des mesures correctives. Notre étude avait pour but d’établir les principales caractéristiques des PSL du Centre régional de transfusion sanguine de Ouagadougou (CRTSO) et d’évaluer la capacité de ce CRTS à améliorer sa production. Méthodes Nous avons effectué entre mars et décembre 2014, deux séries de contrôle des caractéristiques des PSL du CRTSO dans une étude avant et après intervention. L’intervention a consisté à mettre en œuvre un plan d’amélioration qualité subséquemment aux résultats de la première série de contrôle. Les paramètres évalués sur les PSL étaient ; le volume, le contenu en hémoglobine (Hb) et l’hématocrite (Ht) pour les CGR, le volume, le contenu en plaquettes pour les concentrés de plaquettes standards (CPS) et le taux de facteur VIII résiduel pour le plasma frais congelé (PFC). Au total, 312 CGRUA et 280 CPS ont été sélectionnés aléatoirement et contrôlés dans la première série. Puis, 215 CGRUA, 54 CPS et 60 PFC ont été sélectionnées et contrôlés dans une deuxième série, six mois plus tard et après mise en œuvre d’un plan d’amélioration. Les données recueillies ont été comparés avec les tests statistiques appropriés. Résultats Le contenu moyen en Hb des CGRUA était de 47,8 ± 8,9 g et 54,7 ± 7,2 g avant et après le plan d’amélioration et le taux de non-conformités (NC) de ce paramètre avait significativement régressé de 17,6 % à 1,4 %. Le contenu en plaquettes des CPS était faible (0,14 ± 0,10 × 10 11 et 0,30 ± 0,15 × 10 11 ) par rapport à la norme (0,5 × 10 11 plaquettes) avec des taux de NC élevés s’établissant respectivement à 97,1 % et 72,2 % entre les deux séries. Conclusion L’étude montre que seuls les CGR répondent aux standards nationaux contrairement au CPS et au PFC. L’étude démontre également la capacité du CRTSO à améliorer sa production même si le taux de non-conformité des CPS est demeuré élevé. Au total, le CQPF doit être réalisé par tout centre de transfusion du pays. Objectives In Burkina Faso, blood components must comply with national standards. Then, all Transfusion services must implement a quality control process to ensure compliance. Our study aims to establish the main characteristics of blood components of the regional transfusion center of Ouagadougou, and evaluate the capability of this center to improve its manufacturing process. Methods We conducted from marsh to December 2014 a pre-post study, assessing blood components’ characteristics before and after the implementation of a six months’ improvement plan. The assessed parameters were: volume, hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels in RBCs; volume and the number of platelets in PPCs; and volume and concentration of clotting factor VIII in fresh frozen plasma (FFP), respectively. Three hundred and twelve RBCs and 280 PCs were randomly selected for the first series of controls, and 215 RBCs, 54 PCs and 60 FFP were selected for the second series of controls. We compared the mean values of the components parameters and the overall non-compliance rates for each series. Results The average Hb level of RBCs was respectively 47.8 ± 8.9 g and 54.7 ± 7.2 g in the first and second series compare to a standard of ≥ 40 g. Non-compliance rates of Hb level decreased significantly from 17.6% to 1.4%. For PCs units, the mean number of platelets was 0.14 ± 0.10 × 10 11 and 0.30 ± 0.15 × 10 11 in the first and second period compare to a standard of 0.5 × 10 11 . Non-compliance rates for platelets number were high 97.1% and 72.2%. Conclusion The study demonstrates that only RBCs complied with national standards. The study also demonstrates the capability of CRTSO to improve blood components’ processing even if for PCs and FFP, NC rates remain high. QC must be maintained and expanded to the others regional blood centers of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The near-infrared microscope (NIRM) is an instrument that has demonstrated its great ability to detect contaminants not by analyzing a single spectrum but rather by analyzing hundreds or thousands of spectra from individual particles, while at the same time being a non-destructive and easy-to-use technique. It has been used for the detection of meat-and-bone meal (MBM) in compound feeds within the context of the European bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE; commonly known as "mad cow disease") crisis. This study describes, for the first time, an application of NIRM instrument standardization using a measurement cell in an inter-laboratory study conducted within the framework of a qualitative determination of animal proteins in compound feeds, based on spectra obtained with eight instruments. The standardization cell was assessed for its ability to produce good optical matching of the instruments and/or to evaluate instrument performance.

Résumé Les examens biologiques conventionnels d’exploration du sperme (spermogramme–spermocytogramme) sont parmi les examens de première intention dans le bilan diagnostique de l’infertilité d’un couple. En cas de prise en charge thérapeutique par une technique d’assistance médicale à la procréation, ils devront être complétés par un test de sélection spermatique appelé test de migration-survie. Usuellement, tous ces examens sont réalisés via des techniques manuelles qui, malgré une méthodologie codifiée, sont soumises à des sources de variabilité nombreuses, imposant un suivi très régulier du maintien des compétences techniques au sein du laboratoire via notamment des contrôles de qualité pluri-annuels. Le biologiste doit donc être conscient du caractère subjectif de certains examens de spermiologie, savoir en limiter les effets. Pour le spermocytogramme, il doit savoir argumenter le référentiel choisi, connaître leurs normes afférentes et être conscient de l’absence de bénéfice démontré du détail des différentes anomalies morphologiques spermatiques. Dans ce contexte, le développement d’approches automatisées pour la spermiologie standard est louable et doit être favorisé, bien que ces approches présentent certaines limites et, que du fait de leurs coûts, elles imposent un certain volume d’activité. Conventional semen parameters (spermogram, sperm morphology) are among first line diagnostic tests to perform when facing an infertile couple. Furthermore, if a therapeutic intervention is needed, they must be completed by a sperm preparation technic allowing to witness which assisted reproductive option is possible from a male point of view. All analysis of semen parameters are usually performed using manual technics whose methodology is highly codified but that are known to be submitted to several sources of variability, notably the operator, imposing a regular assessment of technical skills using pluri-annual quality controls. The biologist must be aware of the subjectivity of numerous semen parameters and must know how to cope with to limit its effects. Regarding, sperm morphology, he must know the reference values of the classification he used and can argument on the reasons to choose it, be aware of the lack of clinical evidence to perform a detailed analysis of every possible sperm abnormalities. In this context, the implementation of automatized approaches of standard semen evaluation is probably a positive point, although they also have constraints and limitations, among which their cost, needing a minimal volume of activity to be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]