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This research seeks to ascertain the kinetic parameters of VCO degradation based on the formation of peroxide and free fatty acids and to evaluate the shelf life of bromelain-extracted VCO at various temperatures. The kinetic parameters and shelf life of VCO were determined by measuring the value of peroxides and free fatty acids (FFA) concentration at temperatures of 50 ºC to 200 ºC. The heating was performed in a 1 L conical flask immersed in the paraffin bath. Samples were collected for each temperature at 0 to 60 minutes. The rate constant of peroxide and FFA formation was determined by regression analysis using Microsoft Excel, based on the plot of sampling time and value of peroxide and FFA concentration. The rate constant of peroxide formation escalated from 0.0114 to 0.1419 mEq Kg-1 min-1 when the VCO was heated at 50 ºC to 200 ºC. Meanwhile, the rate constant of FFA formation rose from 0.0188 to 0.0393 % min-1 when subjected to heating at 50 ºC to 200 ºC. Based on the shelf-life prediction established by Indonesian National Standards or the Asian and Pacific Coconut Community, the shelf-life of bromelain- extracted VCO varies from 10 to 3 hours at temperatures ranging from 2 ºC to 50 ºC. It was determined that elevating the temperature reduced the shelf-life of bromelain-extracted VCO. These findings suggest that temperature is crucial for the stability of bromelain-extracted VCO.

This study to describe consumer perspectives on waste management and analyze interventions for waste issues at Pujale Canteen UGM, which is crucial for enhancing public health and sanitation standards. A preliminary study of eight UGM cafeterias revealed that Pujale Canteen UGM achieved a score of 16 out of a total of 36 points on the UGM healthy cafeteria criteria. One hundred and sixty respondents who had visited Pujale Canteen UGM completed a consumer perspective questionnaire. Furthermore, four respondents were interviewed in depth to gain detailed insights. A fishbone analysis was employed to ascertain the priority issues, while the MEER method was utilised to identify potential solutions. The findings were unequivocal: 43.2% of respondents perceived Pujale Canteen UGM as unclean, 44.4% experienced discomfort, and 59.4% reported dissatisfaction. The interviews revealed an urgent need for improvements in sanitation, the provision of a cleaner environment, more effective waste disposal facilities, and the installation of handwashing stations. The fishbone analysis identified "Unclean Pujale Canteen UGM" as the core issue, and interventions were selected using the MEER method, including the provision of waste bins and cleanliness equipment. The primary issue at Pujale Canteen UGM is cleanliness. It is recommended that facilities and cleanliness equipment be provided to improve waste management and overall satisfaction at Pujale Canteen UGM.

More than 40 countries produce world rice, only six major exporting countries, namely India, Vietnam, Thailand, Pakistan, Myanmar, and the United States. The availability of rice on the world market annually ranges from 39-42 million tons that 40% of it imported by Asian countries, and China imports 6 million tons per year. Retail rice prices in Japan are USD 5.20/kg, Saudi Arabia USD 2.30/kg, and in Africa around USD 1.0 / kg, higher than Indonesia. The price of medium rice offered in the world market ranges from USD 0.34 - USD 0.4 per kg, while the price of special rice is USD 1,000/ton or more. Indonesia has the opportunity to export Basmati and aromatic rice to Japan and Saudi Arabia, which purchased at high prices. This export opportunities driven by reciprocal bilateral trade. Rice export to African countries needs to be explore under bilateral trade agreements. Indonesia has chance to export rice if it is able to consistently achieve a production surplus of at least 2 million tons per year. At the stage of exports, the role of the government needed in the form of tax breaks, quality assurance certification and subsidies for the rice production process.

Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration (nAMD) is one of the major factors for blindness and impaired visual acuity in elderly people. The aim of this study was CFH gene screening in Age-Related Macular Degeneration patients in Indonesia. This study was performed in 106 AMD patients and 104 controls for genomic markers in the Complement Factor H (CFH). The diagnosis of AMD was carried out by retinal specialists based on color fundus photography and optical coherence tomography. Informed consent was given to patients then proceed to blood sampling and recording of body parameters (BMI, smoking, other systemic diseases). CFH polymorphisms were then analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). There was no association between genetics polymorphism with nAMD. From the research can be inferred that association between genetics polymorphism with nAMD was insignificant.

A finite element study carried out using LS DYNA and aimed to simulate the monotonic pull-out test of deformed steel rebar embedded in concrete is presented in this paper. Three models of the interface between deformed steel rebar and well-confined concrete, i.e. perfect bond model and two bond-slip models are observed and compared. Bond stress-slip response and rebar stress-slip response obtained numerically are validated with experimental data and empirical equations available from the literature. The full bond model overestimates the response, providing higher rebar stress. In the bond-slip models, good agreement is observed between numerical and experimental bond stress and rebar Stress–slip responses. The empirical equation of bond-slip proposed by Murcia-Delso and Shing (2014) is found to overestimate the peak bond stress.

Pile foundations usually are used when the upper soil layers are soft clay and, hence, unable to support the structures’ loads. Piles are needed to carry these loads deep into the hard soil layer. Therefore, the safety and stability of pile-supported structures depends on the behavior of the piles. Additionally, an accurate prediction of the piles’ behavior is very important to ensure satisfactory performance of the structures. Although many methods in the literature estimate the settlement of the piles both theoretically and experimentally, methods for comprehensively predicting the load-settlement of piles are very limited. This study develops a new data mining approach called self-learning support vector machine (SL-SVM) to predict the load-settlement behavior of single piles. SL-SVM performance is investigated using 446 training data points and 53 test data points of cone penetration test (CPT) data obtained from the previous literature. The actual prediction accuracy is then compared to other prediction methods using three statistical measurements, including mean absolute error (MAE), coefficient of correlation (R), and root mean square error (RMSE). The obtained results show that SL-SVM achieves better accuracy than does LS-SVM and BPNN. This confirms the capability of the proposed data mining method to model the accurate load-settlement behavior of single piles through CPT data. The paper proposes beneficial insights for geotechnical engineers involved in estimating pile behavior.

In recent years, a number of studies have successfully transformed various models for biological collective behavior into intelligent optimization algorithms. These bio-inspired optimization techniques have been developed to provide better solutions than traditional methods to a variety of engineering problems. This paper attempts to apply and compare recent bio-inspired algorithms for determining the best layout of construction temporary facilities. To validate the performance of the proposed techniques, an actual building construction project was used as a test problem. Based on the obtained results, the performance of each bio-inspired algorithm is highlighted and discussed. This paper presents beneficial insights to decision-makers in the construction industry that are involved in handling optimization problems.

Stingray fish is a demersal fish commodity in Indonesian waters which decreasing in catch. The purpose of this research is to know the potential of sustainable and some aspects of Stingray fish biology by using the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) indicator as the fishing status in Java Sea. Data of catch and effort taken from production data of year 2006-2015 and primary data to know some aspect of biology is taken at TPI port of Cirebon and Tegal Specification data of fish catching tools Pari obtained from fisherman interview. The data of the catch in the analysis using Surplus Production Method (Schaefer) and observed aspects of stingray biology include: sex ratio and distribution of length of Stingray fish. The results showed the MSY value of Stingray fish was 894.275 tons / year and fMSY value of 34.716 ships / year. The sex ratio of male Stingray fish with female Stingray fish is still balanced, which is 1: 1.34 and the size of long frequency entered into the category of immature fish gonad and fish which first ripe gonad, which ranges between length 16-22 cm both male fish or female. Based on the research results can be concluded that Stingray fish catchment in Java sea still in sustainable condition.

mangroves are salt-tolerant forest ecosystems of tropical and subtropical intertidal regions. They are among most productive, diverse, biologically important ecosystem and inclined toward the threatened system. In recent years, DNA barcoding using plastid markers rbcLand matKhas been suggested as an effective method to enrich traditional taxonomic expertise for rapid species identification, mutation genetic and biodiversity inventories. This research use survey method and descriptive qualitative analysis in the laboratory.This research aimed to determine the mutation DNA of plant barcoding standardA. Ilifolicius based gene rbcL and matK compare with species in the different location. Total DNA was isolated and successfully amplified by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using primers based on the gene rbcLand matK. The results of sequencing long DNA fragments showed 760 bp are amplified by the forward primer and bp were 760 bp amplified by the primer for reverse. This study indicated that had been a mutation spesies in contaminated mangroves compared with uncontaminated mangroves.

Glass eels of Anguilla bicolor is an expensive and still abundant commodity in Laguna Segara Anakan, Central Java, Indonesia. However, the growth of glass eels to elver is still a problem because of high mortality in nursery I and II. The objective of the study was to evaluate the result of stocking density on the performance of glass eels in the biofloc system during nursery I. Glass eels were stocked at densities of 54.95, 109.89 and 164.84 fish/m3, respectively, with three replicate ponds for each density. Eels were fed a formulated pasta-diet containing 40% crude protein and , 4% crude lipid, 5% crude fiber, 11.5% ash and 12% moisture, respectively. The water quality were maintained at levels of for fish culture througout the experiements: water temperature was 27.1°C (ranged from 26.3 to 28.2°C), pH (7.6, ranged from 6.8 to 7.8) and DO (7.2 mg.L-1, ranged 6.9 to 7.5 mg.L-1). The results showed that the stocking density did not significantly affect the final weight, weight gain, AGR, SGR, FCR and survival, however this had a significant effect on the yield. The biofloc system was suitable for raising glass eels.

Shallow water seabed profile has considerable potential resources so the availability of information which very important for coastal resources. The use of remote sensing techniques is considered to provide coastal information effective and efficient. This research aimed to determine the shallow water seabed profile based on Landsat 8 Imagery and its accuracy related to the in situ data. Methods of this research are satellite mage pre-processing, image classification, field survey, image classification, and accuracy assesment . Therefore, 6 classification of shallow water seabed profile, there are rubble (R), seagrass mixed sand (MIX -SG/SD), coral reefs mixed rubble (MIX-C/RB), rubble mixed dead coral (MIX-RB/DC), sand mixed rubble (MIX-SD/RB), and sand mixed seagrass (MIX-SD/SG), respectevely. The result of this classification has an accuracy value 80%.

Batik is labelled as an identity of Indonesia as in 2009 UNESCO recognized batik as a cultural heritage of no object. The export value of batik in 2015 reached USD 156 million. This study aims to evaluate the performance of raw material suppliers using five criteria, i.e., price, quality, delivery, flexibility, and service. The combination of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and technique for others reference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) are used here to achieve the research objective. FAHP was used to determine the weight of each criterion; while TOPSIS was employed to identify the ranking of all alternatives to be considered. A case study was conducted at Lasem batik writing centre. FAHP results show that quality becomes the most important criterion with the weight of 0.266. The best suppliers of raw materials are LI, PA, and SL for fabrics, dyes, and wax respectively. Findings of this study may offer batik craftsmen in determining what are the best suppliers to be considered based on their performance.

This study introduces an improved artificial intelligence (AI) approach called intelligence optimized support vector regression (IO-SVR) for estimating the compressive strength of high-performance concrete (HPC). The nonlinear functional mapping between the HPC materials and compressive strength is conducted using the AI approach. A dataset with 1,030 HPC experimental tests is used to train and validate the prediction model. Depending on the results of the experiments, the forecast outcomes of the IO-SVR model are of a much higher quality compared to the outcomes of other AI approaches. Additionally, because of the high-quality learning capabilities, the IO-SVR is highly recommended for calculating HPC strength.

Coastal regions and small islands are areas that will be adversely affected by the phenomenon of sea level rise globally. In general, Sea Level Rise (SLR) will result in coastal impacts as follows: increased frequency and intensity of floods, changes in ocean currents and widespread intrusion of sea water. This research was conducted in Gili Raja Island of Sumenep Madura. Objectives of this research were to demonstrate the ability of combining remote sensing and GIS method to determine the impact of SLR on a small island and to model its scale using different scenario. GIS based run-up model were performed to estimate and predict the impact of SLR to the island’s area. Three water level scenario (0.5 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m) were applied. The results showed that in the first scenario 8.73% of the island was flooded by sea water, furthermore in two other scenario the flooded area was increase significantly (15.88% and 22.38%).

Vitellogenin was protein hormone where controlled gonad development in fish. Expression of this gene regulated from the external and internal factor.Photoperiods are the external factor that regulated endocrine gland activities in gonadal development, gametogenesis and reproductive cycles. Aim of the research to find out the effect of photoperiod on gouramy reproductive performance by manipulating photoperiod. Design experimental with three photoperiod treatments, namely 14L: 10D (control), 8L: 16D (short photoperiods) and 18L: 6D (long photoperiods). Four aquaria consisting of nine fishes each were served as replicates. Fishes were kept under these photoperiods for 8 weeks. The observed variable was the liver activities. Liver activity was evaluated by measuring gene expression of Vitellogenin. The normalized data were subjected to ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparison tests. The length of Vitellogenin cDNA was 1136 bp. The vitellogenin precursors encoded cDNA consisted of 378 amino acids. The average of vitellogenin gene in each experimental group significantly increased according to longer photoperiods (P

Strategic food crops production such as rice, maize and soybean are determined by harvested areas multiplied by productivity, while productivity is affected by availability of highquality seed of modern varieties which is adaptive to both biotic and abiotic stress. This study aims to construct a nationwide network and capacity building in supporting village seed production groups (VSPGs) for disseminating modern varieties to increase productivity. VSPGs constructed based on community seed system in corresponding to the national seed system and supported by breeder seed management unit network between national research institutes and assessment institute of agricultural technology. The seed production was implemented by a VSPGs on farmer field school with field laboratory 3-4 ha to introduce new modern varieties and quality seed production at once. The seeds of the available varieties in-situ 44 adopted 19 of the 133 varieties for rice, while the maize seeds available 8 were adopted 5 out of 86 varieties, and for soybean seeds there were 14 and adopted 7 of the 17 varieties released in the last 12 years. Acceleration in-situ seed provision can be pursued through integrated seed supply network, capacity building and market access to speed up and adoption of modern varieties.

TRIBAS is a biopesticide formulation developed from bacterial consortia of B. subtilis isolates. The formulation can control maize diseases, particularly those caused by pathogenic fungi. This research was conducted to validate the effectiveness of TRIBAS to support growth and yield of several maize inbred grown for parental seed production of several high yielding hybrids. A local seed growers’ participatory evaluation was set up in three districts in South Sulawesi (Maros, Soppeng, and Bone) using 5 maize inbred, i.e., MR-15, N-79, NEI-9008, AMB-20, and MAL-03. Each was grown following standard seed growing procedures with an additional treatment, with and without TRIBAS application. The results showed that the application of TRIBAS through seed treatment and plant spraying was able to inhibit the incidence of three main fungal diseases in maize, i.e, P. philippinensis, R. solani and B. maydis. The application did not result in significant seed productivity increase; however, it provides economic added value of up to IDR 5,724,000/Ha, considering that the seeds being propagated are parental seeds whose prices are relatively high (Rp 90,000/Kg). Continuous application of TRIBAS is expected to increase bacteria population in the soil, which, gradually would result in the increase of crop productivity.

Rice is grown in various environments across semi-arid areas of ENT province. This paper elaborates agricultural innovations delivered to the smallholder rice farmers and highlights their responses/adaptability. The research conducted in the state boundary of Indonesia-Timor Leste as part of AIAT-ENT program. The study showed that farmers having more access to rice innovation sources tend to adopt better and willing to purchase for external inputs. By adopting introduced rice innovations, co-operatives farmers in state boundaries were able to improve rice productivity from 1 – 2 ton/ha to 5 – 7.2 ton/ha. After 3 years of AIS implementation, almost all farmers have been continuously HYVs of rice. However, the sustainability of the innovation’s adoption has commonly disrupted by the availability of external inputs. Numerous rice-related innovations have been introduced; however, smallholder farmers were keen to adopt only limited ones that suitable with their specific environment and household circumstances. The study concluded that rice innovations delivered to improve rice productivity in semi-arid areas should be focus on specific target groups that suitable their environments and household’ circumstances. Rice-related innovations should be delivered in the broader context not merely to increase rice productivity, rather to improve smallholder semi-arid farmers’ resilience for food security.

Tofu is a common food in Indonesia, made from soybean, and needs gigantic water for the process. The liquid waste of the tofu industry is usually directly discharged into the river without being processed. Liquid wastes of tofu have high organic content and become a problem in water pollution. Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) is efficient method to treat waste with a high organic matter load by utilizing microorganisms to consume organic matter through biofilms. Biofilm will degrade organic matter aerobically. The purpose of the study is to determine the capability of RBC to reduce the organic content of tofu wastewater with different rotations of the disk. Rotation was experimentally varied from 30, 40, 50, 60 RPM and control. Results were considered in percentage decrease from the untreated waste: TSS of 87.56 ± 6.48%, BOD of 99.13 ± 0.21 %, and COD of 98.53 ± 0.08%. To conclude, the optimum rotation is 50 RPM for decreasing BOD and COD, otherwise 40 RPM for reducing TSS. The results effluent RBC on three parameters passed the quality standards legally for the soybean processing company or activity.

This research aims to investigate the HtrA1 serine protease circulating level of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) patients in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study was conducted from January to August 2019 which included 38 AMD patients and 16 Non-AMD patients/controls (two groups). Baseline data and blood sample were collected. ELISA assay was used to measure the HtrA1 serine protease circulating level on both groups. SNP genotyping of rs10490924 was using restriction enzyme digestion. This study used The IBM SPSS® version 24 (Chicago, The USA) to determine the relationship between HtrA1 expression level and AMD incidence. AMD patients had higher HtrA1 serine protease level (35.31) than controls (30.08). However, there is no association found between HtrA1 serine protease level and AMD incidence (p-value>0.05, CI 95 %). However, HtrA1 serine protease did not associate positively to AMD incidence in Yogyakarta samples. Further analysis by grouping AMD patient based on the rs10490924 genotype show no statistical correlation between HTRA1 to the incidence of AMD. This result might be due to the lack of samples in the study groups. Future studies with larger number of samples are advised to better see the association between Htra1 serine protease level and AMD incidence.

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is one of the most common non-conventional machining processes used in the manufacturing of die and mold. In the process of EDM, practitioners usually face a problem, which is how to shorten process time and determine the point where the current should be changed so that the resulted surface roughness is not too high due to the use of large current at the beginning of the process. The purpose of this study is to determine the point when to change (reduce) the current in order to obtain the desired surface roughness and shortest processing time. From analysis of data, experiment was obtained some regression equations, those are: average surface roughness (Ra = 5424 + 0.698 I) which is used to find the final current to obtain the desired final surface roughness, peaks to valleys average roughness (Rz = 5.73 + 3.418 I) which is used to find the changing point for initial currentand duration of processing time (t =103.164 + 0.4714 I) which is used to estimate the duration of processing time with the input of initial and final currents.

The growth of three mangrove species seedlings,Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora apiculataand Ceriops decandra in sediments contaminated by crude oil. Thisresearchwas designed to evaluate the acute effects of crude oil on the growth and survival performance of mangrove seedling in 4-week field experiment. Three treatments(sub plot) were compared with the control (no oil added) usingi.e. 100 ml, 120 ml and 140 ml crude oil applied once, in a split-plot design with nine replicates. The result showed the extent of survival has maximum for B. gymnorrhiza while it was minimum for C. decandra. The growth of mangrove seedlings was decrease with higher concentrations of crude oil. Stem height of B. gymnorrhiza seedling higher than R. apiculata and C. decandra.We observed, severe damage in the epidermis and the cortex at the root of all three types of mangrove seedlings when crude oil applied at 140 ml.

Catfish is a species of freshwater fish that contains a source of protein and it has economic value and has become one of the famous commodities in Indonesia. Biofloc can be one alternative waste fixers intensive cultivation for reduce the waste of inorganic nitrogen and also provide additional protein for increase growth and feed efficiency. This study was to determine the effect of high stocking densities on the growth performance of african catfish in biofloc system. This study used completely randomized design (CRD) with different stocking densities in the system biofloc T1.(1000/m3), T2.(1500/m3), T3.(2000/m3), and T4.(2500/m3). Animal trials were using jouvenile african catfish with an average weight of 1.06±0.3g, which maintained in a pool tarpoulin cage with water volume ±2000L for 50 days with feeding ratio 3% of the weight biomass. The results showed a significantly different effect (P

Soybean curd industrial is rapidly growing industry. Characteristic of effluent from soybean curd industrial may contains a lot of organic materials and suspended solids that give negative impact to water. One of the soybean curd industry pollution prevention is a modification of artificial wetlands with sub surface flow system using recirculation by S. corymbosus plant to reduce the value of BOD, TSS and nitrate in soybean curd wastewater. Early of research procedure is prepare wetland construction consist of 8 part box container with a capacity of 75 L, then filled in the basic medium gravel 5 cm, clay 10 cm, and then planted a S. corymbosus by 30 pieces/construction, then drained soybean curd waste that has been diluted through the recirculation pipe for 16 days in the land of green house plant physiology. The result of optimal decline BOD occured on day 12th ie 99,7, TSS decline value optimal ie 89,3% on day 12th, and declined of optimal nitrate on day 12th ie 89,7%. The decline value of BOD, TSS and nitrate until day 16th has been standart quality unless TSS according to Perda Jateng no.5 tahun 2012 and PP no.82 tahun 2001.

Industry development in Indonesia resulted in sewage and polluting heavy metals such as mercury (Hg). These pollutants will be harm organisms that live at aquatic environment. Fish gills could be damage due to exposure by mercury. To know the influence of mercury’s toxic against aquatic organisms by using toxicity test. An aquatic organism, which is usually used as toxicity test, is nilem fish (Osteochilus hasselti). The objective of the study was to determine the value of LC50-96 hours in a toxicity test of nilem fish exposed to lead acetate; to determine the changes in the fish gill and to determine the concentration of lead mercury which causes tissue damage structure in the gills of nilem fish. The design used completely randomized design (CRD) with four concentrations (0; 0.08; 0.16 and 0.24 ppm) and three replications. The objective of the study was sublethal toxicity test. Lethal toxicity concentration data were descriptive and data from sublethal toxicity test were One Way. The analysis showed that there were highest edema 10% and 17% on day 4 and 12, the highest lamella fusion 35% and 59% on day 4 and 12, the highest hyperplasia 45% and 54% on day 4 and 12, and the highest necrosis the 65% and 80% on day 4 and 12. It was concluded that the value of LC50-96 hours in nilem fish (Osteochilus hasselti) toxicity test was 0,3938 ppm; and damage of fish gill tissue changes started to occur in the lead mercury (Hg) concentration of 0,08 ppm.