Search

In studies on the biblical Psalms it is customary to ask why and for what purpose these poems came into existence. The present study departs from the observation that Psalm 116 can be regarded as an anthology which incorporated material from various other sources in the Hebrew Bible. The study aims to investigate the relationship between the various contributing constituents to the final form of Psalm 116. Therefore, it is necessary to add another question to those that are usually posed in studies on the Psalter, namely the “how?” question: How did the author/editors(s) use and incorporate different sources to come to the Psalm 116 as we know it in the Masoretic Text? The study argues that Psalm 116 is a prime example of the tendency in late post-exilic Psalmography to compile new poems by using existing material from the Hebrew Bible. Other examples of this style of writing are found inter alia in Pss 1; 19; 25; 34; 37; 86; and 119. This has been described in the past as an “anthological” style of composition. Very often in these psalms one can also detect a marked attempt to produce a symmetric pattern and also a marked influence from wisdom. All these tendencies are apparent in Ps 116

Background: The empirical literature on programme evaluability is sparse and little is known about how evaluators operationalise prescriptive articulations of evaluability. Objectives: In this study, we explore inductively and comparatively how evaluators practising in different contexts (i.e. high-income or middle-income countries, with or without mature evaluation cultures) operationalise programme evaluability. Method: We administered the Q-sort method to a geographically dispersed expert sample and systematically identified evaluability perspectives that are unique to and shared across different evaluator cohorts. Valid responses from evaluators recruited from the United States of America (USA) (n = 86), the United Kingdom (n = 26), Brazil (n =79) and South Africa (n = 38) were analysed using Q factor analysis. Results: Four empirically distinct perspectives could be characterised meaningfully, two of which (labelled as theory-driven and utilisation-focused) were shared by most evaluators in our sample. Conclusion: Implications for cross-border collaborations as well as viable strategies to reconcile divergent perspectives that could emerge within evaluability assessment teams are discussed.

In studies on the biblical Psalms it is customary to ask why and for what purpose these poems came into existence. The present study departs from the observation that Psalm 116 can be regarded as an anthology which incorporated material from various other sources in the Hebrew Bible. The study aims to investigate the relationship between the various contributing constituents to the final form of Psalm 116. Therefore, it is necessary to add another question to those that are usually posed in studies on the Psalter, namely the “how?” question: How did the author/editors(s) use and incorporate different sources to come to the Psalm 116 as we know it in the Masoretic Text? The study argues that Psalm 116 is a prime example of the tendency in late post-exilic Psalmography to compile new poems by using existing material from the Hebrew Bible. Other examples of this style of writing are found inter alia in Pss 1; 19; 25; 34; 37; 86; and 119. This has been described in the past as an “anthological” style of composition. Very often in these psalms one can also detect a marked attempt to produce a symmetric pattern and also a marked influence from wisdom. All these tendencies are apparent in Ps 116. https://doi.org/10.17159/2312-3621/2019/v32n2a8

Fairy tales are special stories, developed from hundreds of years of storytelling. Through the years details added by individual storytellers disappear and concise stories, dealing with universal themes, remain. The images or metaphors portrayed in fairy tales are still relevant in 2003. Research has shown that fairy tales appeal to the child's concept of fantasy, and help the child to develop an understanding of life and of his/her emotions. Vom Kalderkönig (The Calf King) is an unknown fairy tale. The short introduction emphasizes that fairy tales are quality literature and an art form. This fairy tale is freely translated from the German into Afrikaans. As in the case with other art forms the meaning of the fairy tale depends on the imagination and age of the reader. Following the translation into Afrikaans of Vom Kalderkönig a general interpretation is given and annotations are made.

Dictionaries are written for a specific user group and the content and presentation must therefore be directed/aimed at that specific target group. In the past dictionaries were often compiled without the lexicographers really taking time and researching the intended users and their specific needs. School dictionaries especially were often compiled after very little or no attention being paid to the users and their needs. This article will look at the role of example sentences in dictionary articles, different types of example sentences as well as the criteria for example sentences in bilingual school dictionaries in order to ensure that the final product is natural, typical, informative, intelligible and of use to the user.

The heading of Ps 56 connects the psalm with “David,†and specifically with the time when he was “seized†by the Philistines in Gath. The psalm can be described as a lament with a strong emphasis on trust in God and praise for his word. This article investigates the reasons why the editors made this connection with the experience of David and how the intertextual connections this heading creates modifies the hermeneutical horizon of the psalm. It is suggested that the psalm, through its heading, exonerates David from the fear that he experienced according to 1 Sam 21:13 and focuses the attention on the way in which he triumphed in a situation of unjust persecution through his trust in Yahweh in order to walk freely in praise of God.

ABSTRACT: Samuel Johnson's dictionary (1755) confirmed both the status of dictionaries as authoritative sources of (linguistic) knowledge and the prescriptive approach in lexicography. This approach prevailed for a long time. During the last decades the descriptive approach came to the fore, aptly supported by the increased reliance on lexicographic corpora. Modern-day lexicography has also witnessed the introduction of a third approach, i.e. the proscriptive approach, which includes features of both the prescriptive and the descriptive approach. This article investigates the occurrence of the prescriptive, descriptive and proscriptive approaches in modern-day dictionaries. A distinction is made between dictionaries focusing on language for general purposes and dictionaries focusing on languages for special purposes. It is shown that users rely on dictionaries as prescriptive reference sources and expect lexicographers to provide them with an answer to the specific question that prompted the dictionary consultation process. It is argued that knowledgeable dictionary users must be able to achieve an unambiguous retrieval of information and must be able to rely on the dictionary to satisfy their specific cognitive or communicative needs. Here the proscriptive approach plays an important role.OPSOMMING: Het Johnson se preskriptiewe benadering nog 'n rol te speel in moderne woordeboeke? Samuel Johnson se woordeboek (1755) het die status van woordeboeke as gesaghebbende houers van (taalkundige) kennis, maar eweneens die preskriptiewe benadering in leksikografie gevestig. Hierdie benadering het lank gegeld. Gedurende die onlangse dekades het die deskriptiewe benadering op die voorgrond getree, sterk ondersteun deur toenemende benutting van korpora. Moderne leksikografie het 'n derde benadering beleef, te wete die proskriptiewe benadering wat kenmerke van sowel die preskriptiewe as die deskriptiewe benadering bevat. Hierdie artikel ondersoek die voorkoms van die preskriptiewe, deskriptiewe en proskriptiewe benadering in moderne woordeboeke. 'n Onderskeid word gemaak tussen algemene en vakwoordeboeke. Daar word aangetoon dat gebruikers op woordeboeke staatmaak as preskriptiewe naslaanbronne en dit van leksikograwe verwag om aan hulle antwoorde te verskaf op die spesifieke vrae wat tot die woordeboekraadpleging aanleiding gegee het. Kundige woordeboekgebruikers moet daartoe in staat wees om 'n ondubbelsinnige ontsluiting van inligting te bereik en hulle woordeboek te kan vertrou vir die bevrediging van spesifieke kognitiewe en kommunikatiewe behoeftes. Hier speel die proskriptiewe benadering 'n wesenlike rol.Sleutelwoorde: AANBEVELING, ALGEMENE WOORDEBOEKE, DESKRIPTIEF, EKSKLUSIEWE PROSKRIPSIE, GEBRUIKERSPERSPEKTIEF, GEBRUIKERSTIPES, KOGNITIEWE FUNKSIE, KOMMUNIKATIEWE FUNKSIE, KULTUURGEBONDE, NIE-AANBEVOLE VORM, PRESIESE PROSKRIPSIE, PRESKRIPTIEF, PROSKRIPTIEF, VAKWOORDEBOEKE

Kuberwoordeboek is 'n opgegradeerde weergawe van die Tweetalige Rekenaar-woordeboek van N. Coetzee, N.F. du Plooy en A.D. de V. Cluver wat in 1985, voor die vestiging van die internet, verskyn het. As 'n mens Kuberwoordeboek die eerste keer sien, is jy verbaas dat 'n publikasie wat so ouderwets lyk, soveel hedendaagse terme kan bevat. Die ouderwetsheid is te wyte aan die Windows 95-rekenaarblokkie op die voorblad. Indien 'n moderner Windows XP-blokkie eerder gebruik is, sou die woordeboek sekerlik meer byderwets gelyk het.

Opsomming: Woordeboeke is belangrike en noodsaaklike hulpmiddels vir vertalers, maar tog het baie vertalers gemengde gevoelens oor veral tweetalige woordeboeke. Terwyl hulle aan die een kant nie werklik sonder hulle kan werk nie, bied tweetalige woordeboeke aan die ander kant dikwels vir die vertaler min of geen leiding. Dit blyk ook dat tweetalige woordeboeke nie voldoende hulpmiddels vir professionele vertalers is by die vertaling van idiome nie. Teorie? betreffende en benaderings tot vertaling word in die bespreking betrek. Die vertaling van idiome behels meer as net die vertaling van enkelwoorde. In hierdie artikel word aandag gegee aan die huidige bewerking van idiome in tweetalige woordeboeke sowel as die probleme waarmee vertalers gekonfronteer word by die vertaling van idiome. Sleutelwoorde: IDIOOM, TWEETALIGE WOORDEBOEK, VERTAALEKWIVALWENT, ABSOLUTE EKWIVALENSIE, GEDEELTELIKE EKWIVALENSIE, DIVERGENSIE, ZERO-EKWIVALENSIE, SURROGAATEKWIVALENSIE, REGISTERVERSKILLE, ONVASTHEDE, TAALBOUSELS Abstract: The Treatment of Idioms in Bilingual Dictionaries. Dictionaries are important and necessary aids for translators, but still many translators have mixed feelings especially regarding bilingual dictionaries. While on the one hand they cannot really work without them, on the other hand bilingual dictionaries often give the translator little or no guidance. It also appears that bilingual dictionaries are not sufficient aids for professional translators in the translation of idioms. Theories regarding and approaches to translation are broached in the discussion. The translation of idioms entails more than just the translation of single words. In this article, attention is given to the present treatment of idioms in bilingual dictionaries, as well as problems with which translators are confronted in the translation of idioms. Keywords: IDIOM, BILINGUAL DICTIONARY, TRANSLATION EQUIVALENT, ABSOLUTE EQUIVALENCE, PARTIAL EQUIVALENCE, DIVERGENCE, ZERO EQUIVALENCE, SURROGATE EQUIVALENCE, DIFFERENCES IN REGISTER, VARIABLE UNITS, LANGUAGE UNITS

Opsomming: Woordeboeke is belangrike en noodsaaklike hulpmiddels vir vertalers, maartog het baie vertalers gemengde gevoelens veral oor tweetalige woordeboeke. Terwyl hulle aan dieeen kant nie werklik daarsonder kan werk nie, bied tweetalige woordeboeke aan die ander kantdikwels vir vertalers min of geen leiding nie. Dit blyk ook dat tweetalige woordeboeke 'n onvoldoendehulpmiddel vir professionele vertalers by die vertaling van idiome is. Die vertaling vanidiome behels meer as net die vertaling van enkelwoorde. In hierdie artikel word 'n moontlikemodel aangebied om die bewerking van idiome in tweetalige woordeboeke te help verbeter.Sleutelwoorde: IDIOOM, TWEETALIGE WOORDEBOEK, VERTAALEKWIVALWENT,ABSOLUTE EKWIVALENSIE, GEDEELTELIKE EKWIVALENSIE, DIVERGENSIE, ZERO-EKWIVALENSIE,SURROGAATEKWIVALENSIE, REGISTERVERSKILLE, ONVASTHEDE, TAALBOUSELSAbstract: A possible model for the treatment of idioms in bilingual dictionaries. Dictionaries are important and necessary resources for translators, but translators nevertheless have mixed feelings particularly about bilingual dictionaries. While on the one hand they cannot really work without them, bilingual dictionaries on the other hand often give translators little or no help. It also appears that bilingual dictionaries are an insufficient resource for professional translators when translating idioms. The translation of idioms entails more than just the translation of single words. In this article, a possible model is presented to help improve the treatment of idioms in bilingual dictionaries.Keywords: IDIOM, BILINGUAL DICTIONARY, TRANSLATION EQUIVALENT, ABSOLUTEEQUIVALENCE, PARTIAL EQUIVALENCE, DIVERGENCE, ZERO-EQUIVALENCE,SURROGATE EQUIVALENCE, DIFFERENCES IN REGISTER, VARIABLE UNITS, LANGUAGEUNITS

Resumen en inglès, ver archivo PDF

Resumen en inglès, ver archivo PDF