31 results on '"Potentiality"'
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2. The applicability of the concept of the field of rationality in the explanation of the fundamental role of symmetries in physics
- Author
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Wojciech Grygiel
- Subjects
symmetry ,ontology ,potentiality ,emergence ,field of rationality ,field of potentiality ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
The introduction of the concept of the field of rationality and its correlates (the field of potentiality and the formal field) by Józef Życiński and Michał (Michael) Heller opened up space for the philosophical explanation of the unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics in capturing regularities built into the physical reality. The presented study is a response to the clear incentive of these authors towards the development of the understanding and applicability of these concepts. It is argued that identifying symmetries within the field of rationality not only helps to articulate the fundamental role of symmetries in physics but also provides a better grasp on the issue of potentialities for the emergence of complexity in the Universe. Additionally, some global properties of this field can be more deeply comprehended. By indicating the drawbacks and limitations of this approach, perspectives for further inquiry into the meaning and usefulness are suggested.
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- 2023
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3. Fixarea în ramă „neo-'(modernistă/ realistă) a eșantionului de romancieri reprezentativi pentru „seria' șaptezecistă
- Author
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Alina-Roxana Mușat (Stoian)
- Subjects
chronotope ,topochron ,narrative identity ,neorealism ,neomodernism ,neotraditionalism ,metarealism ,metareality ,verisimilitude ,truthfulness ,functions ,mediators ,potentiality ,update ,binary option ,semantic fields ,Language and Literature - Abstract
The study is part of the doctoral thesis Congruence of space and time in the novels of the 70s which aims to investigate the way in which space and time, respectively time and space interact in the narrative score of the novels of the “neo-” modernist/realist corpus that I selected and exposed to (re)examination. Taking into account the prevailing socio-cultural circumstances throughout the 70s, with the investigation of the chronotopic/ topochronic assemblage, the conjunctures that mark the imprint of the “neo-”realist/- modernist imaginary will be highlighted as it is transposed into the texture of some Romanian categories that I opted and which I subjected to “(re)reading”. One of the urgencies of the study is the (re)view of the cultural-literary phenomenon specific to the “seventies” school in the conditions of unconditional ideological and political access to the reinforcement of the neomodernist canon.
- Published
- 2023
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4. Raymond Roussel et Édouard Levé: Deux poétiques des décalages.
- Author
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Salceda, Hermes
- Subjects
- *
BIOGRAPHIES of authors , *PHOTOGRAPHY , *AMERICAN Dream , *SEMIOTICS , *HOMONYMS , *LECTURES & lecturing , *CONCEPTUAL art , *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress , *POETICS - Abstract
Édouard Levé's works are framed by a reading device that allows us to situate them in relation to the author's biography, to identify the main features of his poetics and to formulate genetic hypotheses. His works thus reveal themselves to be highly coherent, like so many variations on a series of gestures and questions that are both very simple and very radical. Inspired largely by Raymond Roussel's Process, Levé has based part of his work on a poetics of shifts that consists of blurring the relationship between words and images. This poetics is implemented in three series Homonyms, Anguish and America, produced by the same linguistic constraints and similar production protocols, but they respond to different attitudes and effects of these constraints and protocols. Anguish is about creating fiction, Homonyms is about interrogating the cultural pantheon and America is about offering a negative of the American dream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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5. Quantum contextuality as a topological property, and the ontology of potentiality
- Author
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Marek Woszczek
- Subjects
quantum contextuality ,the bell–kochen–specker theorem ,quantum ontology ,potentiality ,ontic indefiniteness ,sheaf theory ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
Quantum contextuality and its ontological meaning are very controversial issues, and they relate to other problems concerning the foundations of quantum theory. I address this controversy and stress the fact that contextuality is a universal topological property of quantum processes, which conflicts with the basic metaphysical assumption of the definiteness of being. I discuss the consequences of this fact and argue that generic quantum potentiality as a real physical indefiniteness has nothing in common with the classical notions of possibility and counterfactuality, and that also it reverses, in a way, the classical mirror-like relation between actuality and definite possibility.
- Published
- 2020
6. Why, Through Application of Its Educational Principles, the New World Order Can Never Generate Higher Education
- Author
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Peter A. Redpath
- Subjects
adler ,aristotle ,betterment ,capacity ,education ,educator ,good ,happiness ,harmonize ,human nature ,ignorance ,justice ,knowledge ,liberal arts ,organizational whole ,perfection ,potentiality ,power ,prudence ,soul ,teaching ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Metaphysics ,BD95-131 - Abstract
This article defends the teaching of Mortimer J. Adler that human education must aim at the betterment of human beings by forming good habits in us; and that, if intellectual and moral virtues, or good habits, are the same for all human beings because our natural capacities are the same and tend naturally to the same developments, then what logically follows is that the intellectual and moral virtues, or good habits, as the ends of education, are the absolute and universal principles on which education should always and everywhere be founded. This being the case, it concludes that, because of its essential foundation in the essentially flawed Enlightenment understanding of human nature, the New World Order can never be a cause of higher education, can, at best, cause a caricature of it.
- Published
- 2020
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7. Entre modalité et conditionnalité
- Author
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Ferdinand Mberamihigo, Gilles-Maurice de Schryver, and Koen Bostoen
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Kirundi ,modality ,conditionality ,potentiality ,corpus ,modalité ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Abstract
In the Bantu language Kirundi (JD62), the verbal prefix oo- has traditionally been described as either conditional or potential. In this article, we show by means of a corpus-based analysis of its uses that it is first and foremost a modal prefix, and its conditional use is only a secondary development. Dans la langue bantoue kirundi (JD62), le préfixe verbal oo‑ a été décrit comme un marqueur soit du conditionnel, soit du potentiel. Dans cet article, nous montrons à partir d’une analyse de corpus qu’il est avant tout un préfixe modal et que son usage comme marque du conditionnel n’est qu’un développement secondaire
- Published
- 2020
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8. Distributing Potentiality. Post-capitalist Economies and the Generative Time Regime
- Author
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Davor Löffler
- Subjects
potentiality ,post-capitalism ,generativity ,economy ,technological civilization ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Author(s): Davor Löffler Title (English): Distributing Potentiality. Post-capitalist Economies and the Generative Time Regime Journal Reference: Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 15, No. 1-2 (Summer 2018) Publisher: Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities – Skopje Page Range: 8-44 Page Count: 37 Citation (English): Davor Löffler, “Distributing Potentiality. Post-capitalist Economies and the Generative Time Regime,” Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 15, No. 1-2 (Summer 2018): 8-44.
- Published
- 2018
9. La contribution du secteur agricole à la diversification des exportations en Algérie: Cas de la filière des dattes (1995-2017).
- Author
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ABDELMALEK, Hanane and BOUSSAFI, Kamel
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL trade , *REFORMS - Abstract
Agriculture is one of the main economic growth promoter of the country. Its main objective is to be able to insure food self-sufficiency. It has a significant impact on the growth of other economic sectors, especially foreign trade. The purpose of this article is to analyze the situation of Algerian agriculture and its contribution in the promotion of Algerian non-hydrocarbon exports with a focus on the date sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
10. VALORISATION DES RESSOURCES EN EAU EN GUINEE EN VU D’UN DEVELOPPEMENT ECONOMIQUE, SOCIAL ET DURABLE
- Author
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Selly CAMARA and Abdelkader BANGOURA
- Subjects
Potential ,hydrology ,network ,hydrography ,river ,Niger ,watershed ,resources ,water ,anthropogenic ,climate change ,management ,Sustainable ,potentiality ,hydropower ,socio-economic ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
The Republic of Guinea has a rich and diversified hydrological potential. Several rivers in the sub region have their source. The hydrographic network comprises 1161 rivers, grouped into 23 watersheds. The country has 14 international rivers, including the Niger River, whose basin is shared by nine countries. Unfortunately, water resources are now threatened by anthropogenic activities of diverse origins (extensive agriculture, open-pit mining, illegal fishing, bush fires, making cooked bricks along streams, etc.) and the adverse effects of climate change. Moreover, the institutional and legal aspects are not conducive to the sustainable management of water resources. The impact of water shortage will be felt on all socio-economic activities. The agriculture sector is the main user of water in the country, droughts and recurrent floods have led to a decline in cereal food supplies. The country has a high hydroelectric potential (6,000 MW), unfortunately, only 6% of its potential is used. In order to meet its international commitments to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions, by 2030, the country will have to quintuple its hydroelectric production, which constitutes clean energy. The drinking water supply sector remains confronted with the low capacity of production and treatment of water. The management of water resources in the country is based on general plans for water development elaborated between 1978 and 1982. However, the country seeks to have a national policy for integrated water resources management and development of an action plan focusing on taking into account cooperation on shared watersheds.
- Published
- 2017
11. La voluntad como primer motor creado en Francisco Suárez
- Author
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Mauricio Lecón Rosales
- Subjects
freedom ,actuality ,potentiality ,action ,efficient cause ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
The will as first mover created in Francisco SuárezThe aim of this paper is to show that Francisco Suarez’s claim that the will is the prime mover of the human actions is grounded in his own metaphysical system. For that purpose, I argue that the will is not necessitated to act by any extrinsic efficient cause: nor by God’s grace, neither by the intellect, the law or fate. For all these active principles are either just a necessary condition for the will’s act or something that necessitates the practical act of the intellect by which it guides the will, but does not affects the will itself. On the other hand, I argue that Suárez’s account on potency and act allows conceiving an efficient cause that is able to determine itself. Besides Suárez distinction between the transcendental sense of potency and act and the predicamental one –among which only the latter is relevant for this matte—, for him act does not perfect potency. Then the will can simultaneously be denominated patient and agent regarding its own action since it does not imply that the will can give itself something it previously lacked.
- Published
- 2017
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12. La potencia de la copia: * una lectura agambeniana de la poética de Gustave Flaubert
- Author
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Jorge Luis Caputo
- Subjects
Gustave Flaubert ,Giorgio Agamben ,Potentiality ,Copy ,Bouvard et Pécuchet. ,Puissance ,Copie ,French literature - Italian literature - Spanish literature - Portuguese literature ,PQ1-3999 - Abstract
The aim of this article is to analyse the poetics of Gustave Flaubert from the point of view of Giorgio Agamben’s concept of potentiality. In this regard, it can be said that the novels of Flaubert make of the philosophical problem of potentiality (as developed by Agamben in such articles as «The power of thought» or Bartleby or on contingence) a basic dimension of the literary construction. This is true in a thematic level (for instance, the multiplication of life forms in La Tentation de Saint Antoine) but also in a formal level (the use of conditional mode as a grammatical device to express potentiality). Paradoxically, it is by means of Bouvard and Pécuchet’s copy that potentiality finds its most distinctive form in Flaubert’s work. Cet article vise à analyser la poétique de Gustave Flaubert en prenant en considération quelques concepts philosophiques fournis par Giorgio Agamben. Dans ce sens, nous proposons que l’œuvre narrative de Flaubert fait du problème philosophique de la puissance (tel qu’il est développé par Agamben dans des textes comme Le pouvoir de la pensée ou Bartleby ou de la contingence) une dimension fondamentale du récit. Cela peut être constaté dans un niveau thématique (l’éclosion de la vie qui dépasse toutes les formes dans La Tentation de Saint Antoine, par exemple) mais aussi dans un niveau formel-grammaticale (usage du conditionnel comme forme grammaticale privilégiée de la puissance). Nonobstant, c’est surtout dans Bouvard et Pécuchet que la puissance s’exprime, et cela d’une façon paradoxale, dans la copie des deux cloportes.
- Published
- 2017
13. L’histoire contrefactuelle, au risque de la dérive
- Author
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Bonhoure, Jean-François
- Subjects
épistémologie ,sources ,histoire contrefactuelle ,invention ,fiction ,uchronie ,écriture de l’histoire ,uchronia ,historicity ,heuristique ,potentiality ,literature ,epistemology ,objectivité ,counterfactual history ,writing ,anachronism ,anachronismes ,potentialités ,méthode ,story ,heuristic ,method ,historicités ,objectivity ,littérature - Abstract
Si les historiens ont perçu relativement tôt les mérites des hypothèses contrefactuelles – de Paul Lacombe vantant « l’instabilité vraie » à Raymond Aron se demandant « ce qui aurait pu être » –, il a fallu attendre le début du XXIe siècle pour constater un réinvestissement notable du questionnement par les historiens. Cette interrogation contrefactuelle a été reprise à nouveaux frais par des historiens de périodes différentes, avec la volonté de retrouver les possibles non advenus. Ce dynamisme épistémologique s’inscrit aussi dans un cadre plus large d’hybridation des écritures historiques, notamment par un chassé-croisé de plus en plus marqué avec la littérature. Although historians saw the benefits of counterfactual assumptions early on – from Paul Lacombe extolling « true instability » to Raymond Aron wondering « what could have been », it wasn’t until the beginning of the 21st century that we see a significant reinvestment of questioning by historians. This counterfactual interrogation was taken up again at new expense by historians of different periods, with the intending to find what might have happened. This epistemological dynamism is also part of a broader framework of hybridization of historical writings, in particular through an increasingly marked crossover with literature.
- Published
- 2023
14. Grandeur infinie en puissance et grandeur infinie en acte
- Author
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Mazet, Edmond
- Subjects
puissance ,acte ,moyen âge ,acutality ,magnitude ,grandeur ,middle age ,infinie ,physics ,physique ,infinite ,potentiality - Abstract
Dans un passage de Physique iii (7, 207b15-21), Aristote s’exprime d’une manière qui suppose valide l’implication suivante : « Si une grandeur peut être infinie en puissance, une telle grandeur peut aussi être infinie en acte ». Cette implication a intrigué les commentateurs tant anciens et médiévaux que modernes. Ces derniers se sont en général bornés à constater que l’implication n’est pas logiquement valide, sans expliquer comment et en quel sens Aristote avait pu la tenir pour telle. En rapprochant le passage précité d’un autre passage de Physique iii (6, 206b16-27), le présent article en propose une interprétation qui semble lever toutes les difficultés. Au Moyen Age, le sens de l’implication a été très discuté, et l’interprétation proposée ici a été vue et soutenue par plusieurs commentateurs : on l’étudie chez quelques-uns de ceux-ci en situant leur position dans le cadre du débat médiéval sur la question, notamment en référence aux deux interprétations alors fameuses proposées par Averroès. In a passage of Physics iii (7, 207b15-25), Aristotle speaks in a way which implies that the following infernce holds : « If a magnitude may be potentially infinite, such a magnitude may also be actually infinite ». This inference has puzzled ancient and medieval as well as modern commentators. The latter have generally confined themselves to observing that the inference is not logically valid, not explaining how and in what sense Aristotle had been able to judge it valid. By bringing the aforementioned passage in connection with another one in Physics III (6, 206b16-27), the present paper proposes an interpretation which seems to solve all difficulties. In the Middle Ages, the inference was very much discussed, and the interpatention here proposed was seen and supported by several commentators : we study it by some of them, situating their position in the framework of the medieval discussion of the matter, notably against the background of the two, at that time famous, interpretations proposed by Averroes.
- Published
- 2023
15. Ciência e Saber. A Importância da Concepção Platônica da Natureza da Episteme em Aristóteles
- Author
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Guy Hamelin
- Subjects
knowledge ,state ,potentiality ,Plato ,entelechy ,Aristotle ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
The influence of Plato’s thought on his most important disciple does not raise doubts. In spite of that, it is not so easy to identify precise elements which reveal such an authority, especially in the field of ontology. On the contrary, appearances show metaphysical systems distinct enough to initiate, in the course of history, opposite philosophical currents. Even so, Plato’s influence on Aristotle is undeniable with respect to the question of the nature of knowledge. About this topic, the Stagirite uses not only an important part of the vocabulary found in some Platonic dialogues, but he also refers to realities very similar to those presented by his Master. The main object of this paper is precisely to highlight such correspondence between our protagonists regarding the issue of the essence of knowledge. To reach this objective, we begin our analysis by examining Plato’s Theaetetus, in which significant explanation on this subject are found. The study of two other dialogues completes our analysis since they add new information. Afterwards, we investigate Aristotle’s Categories, in which there are important data on the question of the nature of knowledge. At last, we complete our study by analysing in De anima some metaphysical elements essential for our subject.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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16. The alleged activity of active intellect: A wild goose chase or a puzzle to be solved?
- Author
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Sonia Kamińska
- Subjects
nous ,nous poietikos ,nous pathetikos ,soul ,intellect ,God ,Deity ,actuality ,potentiality ,philosophy of mind ,Aristotle ,Thomas Aquinas ,Franz Brentano ,Victor Caston ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
Trying to describe the activity of Aristotle’s active intellect, we will sooner or later realize that we cannot find its right description, because Aristotle did not provide for one. He left us with many irreconcilable statements and questions with no answers. In the famous text Aristotle’s Two Intellects: a Modest Proposal Victor Caston claims that Aristotle did not describe the activity, because there simply is no such activity and we should therefore identify nous poietikos with God, because God too does nothing. Trying to find this lacking description is like going on a wild goose chase – Caston argues. In my text I will show that his solution, albeit tempting, is in fact a kind of “dissolution” and that a wild goose chase, although for many doomed to failure, can be fruitful. I will do so by presenting three groups or clusters of views on active intellect which – I believe – are philosophically significant. Caston’s proposal will be one of them, but not the privileged one. These three types of interpretations will hopefully provide us with an imagery that will help us somewhat come to terms with Aristotle’s succinctness.
- Published
- 2014
17. La naturaleza artificial de Central Park
- Author
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Ángel Martínez García-Posada
- Subjects
landscape ,transformation ,picturesque ,recreation ,superposition ,non-built space ,public space ,potentiality ,Cities. Urban geography ,GF125 - Abstract
Central Park was the first American public park, pioneer in the adaptation of an European model following the style of picturesque and English gardening, the result of a group of transformations that intensified the landscape effects: over the ground there was a designed and drawn territory copying the nature and below it an efficient technologic system. The park gathers the skills of two kinds of non-built sites in the city: the image or recreation of nature in the urban reality and the potentiality of a place without occupation, a paradigm of the identification of a social and democratic use of leisure time. This space reserved in the middle of a rural landscape when the city was just an abstract prevision grip-shaped and that place only an useless mixture of swamps and rocks, was transformed as in the project of two founders of landscape architecture; today has become a relevant territory free of construction towards the compact city where is contained, a unique example of juxtaposition of nature and city.
- Published
- 2009
18. O aluno e a infância: a propósito do pedagógico Pupil/student and childhood: about the pedagogical
- Author
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Jan Masschelein
- Subjects
Rancière ,Infância ,Potencialidade ,Ex-posição ,Educação ,Childhood ,Potentiality ,Ex-position ,Education ,Education (General) ,L7-991 - Abstract
A partir de alguns textos de Rancière, este artigo procura estabelecer uma diferença entre a pedagogia e o pedagógico. Esta diferença condiciona uma outra, entre o aluno e a infância - pela qual a infância designaria o vácuo que separa o aluno de si mesmo. Esse vácuo é entendido como potência de movimento e como ex-posição - carga de resposta que se põe em marcha. Pode-se, então, definir a pedagogia como uma viagem que leva à des-carga, ao esquecimento da carga. Por sua vez, o pedagógico, ou o espaço pedagógico, abre-se com a interrupção da pedagogia e a manifestação da infância. Apenas nesse espaço poderá o mestre aparecer, e aparecer justamente como aquele que, em certo sentido, mantém o homem na infância, ao colocar sua própria infância em jogo.Based on some texts by Rancière, this paper tries to elaborate a difference between pedagogy and the pedagogical. Such a difference implies a distinction between the pupil/student and 'childhood' - where childhood would designate the void separating the pupil from herself. This void can be understood as power and ex-position. Exposition includes the charge to respond, which is an invitation to get oneself going. Pedagogy can thus be defined as a travel leading to a dis-charge, or the oblivion of the charge. In contrast, the pedagogical space opens up with the interruption of pedagogy and the manifestation of childhood. Only in this space may the 'mas ter' appear and appear as the one who, in a certain sense, keeps the individual into her childhood, putting his own childhood at stake.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Usages et potentialités des dispositifs socio-techniques d'information et de communication (DISTIC) mobiles en Afrique francophone subsaharienne : cas de deux villes du Niger, Niamey et Maradi
- Author
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Maidakouale Goube, Ibrahim and STAR, ABES
- Subjects
Development ,[SHS.INFO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences ,Uses ,Usagers ,Afrique ,Analphabètes ,Businesses ,Niger ,Students ,TIC ,Cultural identity ,Potentiality ,Identité culturelle ,Digital acculturation ,Entreprises ,Acculturation numérique ,Potentialités ,ICT ,Illiterate ,Digital divide ,Africa ,Mobile DISTIC ,DISTIC mobiles ,Développement socio-économique ,Universitaires ,Usages - Abstract
This research focuses on the "uses and potentialities of mobile socio-technical information and communication devices (DISTIC) in sub-Saharan Francophone Africa. Case of two regions of Niger: Niamey and Maradi. It aims to analyze the uses and appropriation of cell phones (ordiphone and smartphone), computers, digital tablets, the Internet and digital networks (platforms, social networks, application, etc.) in the context of socio-economic and professional development and information culture (or digital culture). It is in line with the work carried out on the acculturation of technology. It essentially integrates the issue of development with digital media and is also inspired by work in the sociology of innovation, uses, appropriation, dissemination, but especially the social insertion of digital tools in the daily practices of African users. She will build her theoretical framework taking into account the contributions of Nora Quebral for the communication for socio-economic development. The concept of "capability" developed by Amartya Sen is very relevant in the context of a developing country.Over the past 30 years, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have experienced unprecedented development in both developed and developing countries. They have become a "new vector" that is increasingly indispensable for economic growth and have transformed the planet into a small digital village. These ICTs, and mainly mobile DISTICs, have changed the behavior of the workforce. The combination of computing and telecommunications has unquestionably made it possible to collect, process and circulate information around the world - in real time. Indeed, in an international context dominated by the "technological revolution" as symbols of modernity and factors of integration into the world economy, the major challenges of globalization increasingly impose the need for each country to integrate harmoniously into the "information society", or now the new buzzword: the "digital society". Sub-Saharan Francophone Africa in general and Niger in particular, the field of this study, are lagging behind due to several difficulties: economic, technological, political and entrepreneurial. Although mobile DISTICs are recognized by international institutions as "levers" for development, they do not translate into a coherent policy. Sub-Saharan Africa still seems to be limited by several constraints (mismatch between supply and social demand, lack of qualified human resources, lack of infrastructure, high cost of connection, illiteracy, technological dependence of the South on the North, etc.).However, some quantitative studies show the progression of mobile telephony and mobile Internet in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Niger. On the other hand, qualitative studies on their use are very rare, notably because of the great difficulty researchers have in establishing a relationship of mutual trust with the people interviewed in Niger. This chapter will address, not the results of the study, but the issues, methodologies and collection strategies implemented specifically in the Niger field., La présente recherche porte sur les « usages et potentialités des dispositifs socio-techniques d’information et de communication (DISTIC) mobiles en Afrique francophone subsaharienne. Cas de deux régions du Niger : Niamey et Maradi ». Elle se propose d’analyser les usages et l’appropriation des téléphones mobiles (ordiphone et smartphone), de l’ordinateur, des tablettes numériques, de l’Internet et des réseaux numériques (plateformes, réseaux sociaux, applications, etc.) dans le cadre du développement socio-économique, professionnel et de la culture informationnelle (ou culture numérique). Elle s’inscrit dans la lignée des travaux menés sur l’acculturation de la technique. Elle intègre essentiellement la problématique du développement avec les supports numériques et s’inspire également des travaux en sociologie de l’innovation, des usages, de l’appropriation, de la diffusion, mais se situe surtout à l’ancrage social des outils numériques dans les pratiques quotidiennes des utilisateurs africains. Elle construira son cadre théorique en tenant compte des apports de Nora Quebral concernant la communication pour le développement socio-économique. Le concept de « capabilité » développé par Amartya Sen est très pertinent dans le contexte d’un pays en développement, il est utilisé. Au cours de ces 30 dernières années, les Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (TIC) ont connu un développement sans précédent aussi bien dans les pays développés que ceux en voie de développement (PED). Elles sont devenues un « nouveau vecteur » indispensable de la croissance économique de l’entreprise et ont transformé la planète en un petit village numérique. Ces TIC, et principalement les DISTIC mobiles, ont changé le comportement du personnel. L’association de l’informatique et des télécommunications a permis incontestablement de collecter, traiter et faire circuler l’information dans le monde — en temps réel. En effet, dans un contexte international dominé par la « révolution technologique » comme symboles de modernité et facteurs d’intégration à l’économie mondiale, les grands enjeux de la mondialisation imposent de plus en plus la nécessité pour chaque pays de s’intégrer harmonieusement au sein de la « société de l’information », ou désormais le nouveau syntagme en vogue : la « société numérique ». L’Afrique francophone subsaharienne en général et le Niger en particulier, terrain de cette étude, y sont à la traîne en raison de plusieurs difficultés : économiques, technologiques, politiques et entrepreneuriales. Or, si les DISTIC mobiles sont reconnus par les institutions internationales comme des « leviers » au service du développement, ils ne se traduisent pas par une politique cohérente. L’Afrique subsaharienne semble encore limitée par plusieurs contraintes (décalage entre l’offre et la demande sociale, manque de ressources humaines qualifiées, manque d’infrastructure, cherté de la connexion, analphabétisme, dépendance technologique du Sud à l’égard du Nord, etc). Toutefois, certaines études quantitatives montrent la progression de la téléphonie mobile et de l’Internet mobile en Afrique subsaharienne dont le Niger. En revanche, les études qualitatives sur leurs usages sont très rares, notamment en raison de la grande difficulté des chercheurs à établir une relation de confiance réciproque avec les personnes interrogées au Niger.
- Published
- 2021
20. ARISTOTE, MÉTAPHYSIQUE H 5: LA GÉNÉRATION DES CONTRAIRES ET LA MATIÈRE.
- Author
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BAGHDASSARIAN, FABIENNE
- Abstract
This paper intends to show how Metaphysics H 5, through a discussion about the generation of contraries, not only investigates the nature of matter as a subject of change and shows how its potentialities are distinct and well-ordered, but also contributes to the science of sensible substance that Aristotle develops in book H. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
21. Reading's potentialities. Play, humor and combinatorial phenomenon in Raymond Queneau's Cent mille milliards de poèmes
- Author
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James, Aristide, Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UFR Lettres, Sciences du langage et Arts (UL2 UFR LESLA), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Yannick Chevalier, and LYON 2, Université Lumière
- Subjects
Raymond Queneau (1903-1976) ,Humor ,Hypertext ,[SHS.LITT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature ,Play ,Structure ,Game ,Potentiality ,Cent mille milliards de poèmes ,Humour ,[SHS.LITT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature ,Reading ,Hyper reading ,Jeu ,Potentialité ,Combinatoire ,Combinatorial poetry ,Hypertexte ,Lecture - Abstract
Cent mille milliards de poèmes was signed by Raymond Queneau in 1961. This device particuarly requires the reader's involvment in the conception of the text, since it is “combinatorial poetry”. Nonetheless, a constant sense of humour seems to pervade the text. How can we detect this permanent feature in a text where the boundaries between the author and the reader are disrupted ? In this dissertation, that problematic is an opening to question both the very act of reading (of conceiving texts from the reader's perspective) and the modalities for humour to exist and spread. Fundamental and structural constraints apply to this specific poetric device (textual, semantic, esthetical). Studying the way this game's dynamic articulates these structures of constraints make us consider the reception as an esthetical concern. We focused on the characterisation of humour in the device, which takes its origin in the way the reader is invited to approach the text. Elements of textual fixity, combined with potential knowledge about the OuLiPo, create a “humoristic atmosphere”. By enhancing the reading process in his device, Raymond Queneau invites us to see the very act of reading as a “game”. Cent mille milliards de poèmes, as a prototypical “hypertext”, invites us to a synthetic way of reading (“hyper-reading”). The reader elaborates a relation with the text opening to an infinity of possibilities. He sees his creativity stimulated through a sharing dimension and finally can become aware of the way he reads. Potentiality meets humour since this way of reading is a way of organising reality. It is therefore based on one simple mecanism: the conciling of different perspectives. Queneau is never concluding, always operating through humour's constructive prism., Raymond Queneau, dans ses Cent mille milliards de poèmes, propose de mettre à mal, explicitement et de manière formelle, le partage entre auteur et lecteur. Le principe de co-création fait apparaître en saillie les mécanismes de la lecture courante. Cette activité s'y révèle alors tout à fait comme « jeu ». Que révèle notre dispositif de la genèse de l'humour en littérature ? Comment l'humour peut-il émerger tandis que la « responsabilité » du texte demeure partagée ? Comment, enfin, sa modalité ludique affirmée rend-elle concrète une approche approfondie du phénomène de la lecture ? Nous dresserons le constat des répercussions de la structure combinatoire du recueil sur le développement de nos stratégies interprétatives. La perspective du jeu apparaîtra comme réponse à la question, centrale pour le recueil quenien, de l'esthétique particulière qu'il véhicule. Le jeu implique des communautés qui lui servent de cadre, comme l'humour. Puisqu'il y a « double jeu », c'est-à-dire deux jeux joués simultanément par le lecteur, la permissivité, traduite en potentialité, est « infiniment » plus grande que pour la lecture d'un texte ordinaire. La « pratique » de ce texte permet au fond d'observer nos propres outils, ceux avec lesquelles nous entrons en interaction avec lui. À l'« hypertexte » quenien correspond un geste significatif d'« hyperlecture », c'est-à-dire une lecture d'autre chose, et notamment de soi, mais aussi du contexte qui nous informe.
- Published
- 2020
22. La lecture aristotélicienne du non-être chez Platon : le platonisme comme une pensée de l’être en puissance
- Author
-
Drouin-Léger, Phillip and Dorion, Louis-André
- Subjects
non-être ,Metaphysics ,Sophiste ,Philosophie grecque ,Aristote ,Platon ,dunamis ,matter ,potentialité ,power ,puissance ,Sophist ,Aristotle ,Métaphysique ,ontology ,matière ,Greek philosophy ,ontologie ,non-being ,potentiality ,Plato - Abstract
Il est souvent dit que l’aristotélisme représente un renversement du platonisme. Or, une lecture de Mét. N.2 nous porte à croire qu’il s’agit moins d’un renversement que d’un dépassement. Cette thèse a l’ambition d’étudier ce dépassement selon un point de vue spécifique, celui de l’être en puissance. En effet, dans le deuxième chapitre du livre N de la Métaphysique, Aristote critique les platoniciens pour avoir cru que tous les étants seraient « un » s’ils ne réfutaient pas l’argument de Parménide selon lequel il est impossible de contraindre le non-être à être. Aristote identifie ensuite l’erreur fondamentale des platoniciens comme étant d’avoir dit que le non-être « est » et il suggère à la fin de N.2 que le principe que Platon cherchait était véritablement celui de l’être en puissance. Ainsi, faute d’avoir bien distingué les sens de l’être et du non-être, Platon aurait été incapable de penser la distinction entre être en acte et être en puissance, ce qui, selon Aristote, le condamnerait à rester un penseur de l’être en puissance, voire de l’être matériel. L’analyse portera d’abord sur l’importance du Sophiste pour le projet platonicien, car Aristote soutient que ce dialogue est le lieu où s’enracine l’erreur de son maitre. Ensuite, nous démontrerons l’importance du non-être dans la conception aristotélicienne de l’être en puissance par une lecture des passages pertinents du livre Q de la Métaphysique. Ayant établi que Platon intègre le non-être au sein de l’être dans le Sophiste et que l’être au sein duquel il y a non-être est l’être en puissance pour Aristote, nous serons à même de lire N.2 de près dans notre chapitre central, afin de libérer entièrement la conception aristotélicienne du non-être de celle de Platon. Enfin, notre dernier chapitre mettra en évidence à la fois les raisons pour lesquelles le principe « matériel » de Platon est insuffisant pour Aristote et les raisons pour lesquelles de toute façon, un principe premier ne peut jamais être une matière. Cela nous permettra de conclure que selon Aristote, les idées platoniciennes ne sont que des composés matériels, des êtres en puissance, voire de simples possibles., It has often been said that Aristotle’s philosophy represents an overturning of Platonism. Yet, a close reading of the second chapter of Book N of the Metaphysics reveals that we call an overturning might be closer to a surpassing. This thesis will explore this surpassing from a specific point of view, that of potential being. Indeed, in the aforementioned second chapter of Book N, Aristotle criticizes Platonists for having believed that all beings would form a single one if they did not refute Parmenides’ argument against the being of non-being. Aristotle then situates the Platonists’ fundamental mistake as having argued that non-being in some way « is ». However, Plato did not need to make non-being « be » he simply needed to think the multiplicity of ways which being can be said. Only then would he have found the principle of multiplicity that he wanted : potential being (dunamei on). Hence, having failed to notice that being is said in many ways, he could never think « matter » through properly. This, according to Aristotle, condemns Plato to a thought of potential being and material being. In order to argue for this position, we will firstly establish the importance of the Sophist in the platonic project, for as we have said, Aristotle places the Platonist mistake squarely in this dialogue. Secondly, we will need to show how Aristotle’s concept of non-being is central to his conception of potential being. We will do this by offering a close reading of the relevant passages of Book Q of the Metaphysics. Having established in the first chapter that Plato does indeed integrate non-being into being in the Sophist and in the second that Aristotle considers being penetrated by non- being to be merely potential being, we can read N.2 with more precise knowledge of the platonic « error » and in turn liberate Aristotle’s conception of non-being from Plato’s ; the topic of our third chapter. Finally, in our fourth chapter we will show why platonic conceptions of matter can never be adequate for Aristotle and explore the consequences of not having properly distinguished actual being from potential being, namely all of Plato’s principles are merely potential principles and not actual ones. Hence, we can conclude that for Aristotle, Plato’s ideas and principles of being are composite potential beings, close to mere possibilities.
- Published
- 2020
23. LES « POTENTIALITÉS DE LA VIE INTENTIONNELLE » ET LA CONSCIENCE INACTUELLE.
- Author
-
Şerban, Claudia-Cristina
- Subjects
INTENTIONALITY (Philosophy) ,PHENOMENOLOGY ,PHILOSOPHY ,COGNITION ,CONSCIOUSNESS ,COMPREHENSION - Abstract
My aim in this article is to examine Husserl's comprehension of the "potentialities of intentional life" in the Cartesian Meditations. These potentialities are introduced in deep connection with a new vision of intentionality as horizon intentionality, and of experience as synthesis. And because synthesis involves time and time means inner consciousness, the intertwining between actuality and potentiality highly regards consciousness in itself. An analysis of Husserl's description of the ego in the Ideen in terms of actuality and potentiality thus becomes required in order to characterize, through these concepts, the life of consciousness itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
24. «Faire musique de tout bois».
- Author
-
Obiang, Ludovic
- Abstract
Copyright of Cahiers d'Études Africaines is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Entre modalité et conditionnalité : l’analyse de corpus du préfixe verbal oo- en kirundi (bantou, JD62)
- Author
-
Gilles-Maurice de Schryver, Koen Bostoen, and Ferdinand Mberamihigo
- Subjects
Prefix ,conditionality ,Linguistics and Language ,Kirundi ,Bantu languages ,modality ,corpus ,Sociology ,Language and Linguistics ,Linguistics ,Languages and Literatures ,potentiality - Abstract
In the Bantu language Kirundi (JD62), the verbal prefix oo- has traditionally been described as either conditional or potential. In this article, we show by means of a corpus-based analysis of its uses that it is first and foremost a modal prefix, and its conditional use is only a secondary development. Dans la langue bantoue kirundi (JD62), le préfixe verbal oo‑ a été décrit comme un marqueur soit du conditionnel, soit du potentiel. Dans cet article, nous montrons à partir d’une analyse de corpus qu’il est avant tout un préfixe modal et que son usage comme marque du conditionnel n’est qu’un développement secondaire
- Published
- 2020
26. A la marge de la lecture et du ludique : les livres-jeux
- Author
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Boris Solinski
- Subjects
narrative ,Environmental Engineering ,choix ,lecture ,media_common.quotation_subject ,ludics ,ludique ,lcsh:Recreation. Leisure ,Art ,lcsh:GV1-1860 ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,ludology ,potentialité ,narration ,semiotics ,jeu ,reading ,sémiotique ,ludologie ,play ,Humanities ,choice ,media_common ,potentiality - Abstract
Les marges du jeu questionnent le moment et la façon dont le ludique devient autre. Dans le livre-jeu ces marges permettent de sonder l’articulation entre lecture et ludique et leurs fonctions respectives. L’histoire de l’émergence des livres à jouer permet d’analyser par comparaison l’apport des Livres dont vous êtes le héros à la dimension ludique du genre, d’où émerge celle de l’alternative et de la décision qui tranche cette alternative, permettant à partir des arbres de possibilités que dessine la lecture de ces ouvrages de dresser une typologie possible des choix ludiques. L’étude des contraintes que ceux-ci imposent et des potentialités qu’ils ouvrent, tant du point de vue du texte que de son usage, est alors à même de témoigner de la fécondation réciproque des approches narratives et ludiques. The margins of the game question the moment and the way ludic becomes something else. In the book-game these margins allow to probe the articulation between reading and play and their respective functions. The literary roots of readings-to-play allow to analyse the contribution of Fighting Fantasy Gamebooks to ludic dimension of the genre, where emerges alternative and the decision that slices it. The reading of these books elaborates trees of opportunities that draw up a possible typology of playful choices. The study of the constraints and opportunities they open, from the point of view of the text and its use, demonstrates the cross-fertilization of narrative and ludic approaches.
- Published
- 2017
27. 'Quoi, si j'étais autre?' Potentiel, virtuel, contrefactuel : modalités de la confession dans le livre III des Essais
- Author
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Demonet, Marie-Luce, Demonet, Marie-Luce, Centre d'études supérieures de la Renaissance UMR 7323 (CESR), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours et Institut Universitaire de France, and Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
[SHS.LITT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature ,[SHS.LITT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature ,Montaigne ,counterfactuals ,potentiality - Abstract
The expression of virtuality in the Essays, beginning with the program announced in the prefatory « To the Reader », leads to identify the different shades in Montaigne's assessment of his past, his own « essence », and the actions of others. The modalities of potential and counterfacual allow him to join the personal confession, to the practice of a pleasant imagination, and to the accusation of actual misdeeds such as the Spanish colonisation, thus presenting, courteously and daringly at the same time, reproach and advice., L’expression de la virtualité dans les Essais, à partir du programme annoncé dans la préface « Au Lecteur », conduit a repérer les nuances de l’évaluation par Montaigne de son passé, de son « essence » propre, et des actions d’autrui. Grâce aux modalités du potentiel et du contrefactuel, il parvient à associer la confession de soi-même, la pratique de l’imagination plaisante et l’accusation de véritables méfaits comme la colonisation espagnole, et à offrir, avec civilité et audace, remontrances et conseils.
- Published
- 2017
28. Conditionnalité et proximité factuelle
- Author
-
Kronning, Hans
- Subjects
Counterfactuality ,valeur axiologique ,Studier av enskilda språk ,Potentiality ,Axiological value ,potentialité ,Specific Languages ,Quantifiers of factual proximity ,quantifieurs de proximité factuelle ,contrefactualité ,Conditionals ,Tense ,constructions conditionnelles ,temps verbaux - Abstract
In this article a previously unidentified dimension of predictive conditionals (traditionally coined as “hypothetical”) is introduced and studied: the quantification of factual proximity. Syntactically, the quantifiers of factual proximity are invariably incorporated into the protasis, whatever its structure, with the exception however of prepositional protases. Semantically, four categories of these quantifiers with different properties are distinguished. Finally, a hypothesis, based on some empirical evidence, is put forward to the effect that there is a positive quantitative relation between these quantifiers and the use of certain tenses. Dans cet article, nous étudions une dimension précédemment non identifiée des constructions conditionnelles prédictives (traditionnellement dites « hypothétiques ») : la quantification de la proximité factuelle. Du point de vue syntaxique, nous concluons que les quantifieurs de proximité factuelle sont invariablement localisés dans la protase, quelle qu’en soit la structure syntaxique, à l’exception, pourtant, des protases prépositionnelles. Du point de vue sémantique, nous distinguons quatre catégories de quantifieurs qui ont des propriétés différentes. Pour finir, nous émettons l’hypothèse, reposant dans une certaine mesure sur des données empiriques chiffrées, selon laquelle il y a une relation quantitative positive entre les quantifieurs étudiés et l’emploi de certains temps verbaux.
- Published
- 2017
29. La notion de puissance : les équivalents latins du grec δύναμις (dynamis)
- Author
-
Lecaudé, Peggy, Savoirs, Textes, Langage (STL) - UMR 8163 (STL), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sorbonne, Michèle Fruyt, and Françoise Skoda
- Subjects
traduction ,ability ,potency ,ancient philosophy ,translation ,synonymy ,mathématiques anciennes ,calque sémantique ,création lexicale ,médecine ancienne ,ancient medicine ,actuality ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,power ,impossibilité ,pouvoir ,[SCCO]Cognitive science ,value ,capacité ,synonymie ,bilinguisme gréco-latin ,semantics ,potentiality ,ancient mathematics ,acte ,capacity ,potentialité ,vertu ,impossibility ,semantic calque ,philosophie ancienne ,virtualité ,lexical creation ,possibility ,emprunt ,loan word ,might ,puissance ,possibilité ,impuissance ,valeur ,modality ,modalité ,sémantique ,impotency ,strength ,force ,virtue ,Greek and Latin bilingualism - Abstract
Δύναμις is a key word in the Greek thought, not only in philosophy, in which it has assumed a particular significance since Aristotle, but also in medicine, the natural sciences and mathematics. The present work aims to present the translation equivalents adopted by the Latin authors and translators in classical antiquity and in late or medieval Latin, according to a twofold approach. First, from an onomasiological perspective, we try to identify and analyse the different ways δύναμις (as well as the words semantically connected to it) appears in a corpus of Latin texts, from Plautus’ comedies to Boethius’ translation of Aristotle’s Organon : as a loan word, a formal neologism, a transposition or, as in most cases, a translation. Second, from a semasiological perspective, we focus on the impact of the translation from Greek on a lexical group made of Latin words frequently used to translate δύναμις, namely potestas (“possibility, power”), potentia (“potentiality, potency”), uis (“strength, violence”) and uirtus (“value, quality, virtue”). The uses of these words in a corpus of literary and scientific texts are examined, and the question is raised of how far they may be considered as semantic calques from the Greek term . The work thus aims to reconstruct a moment in the history of the Greek notion : that of its “conversion” into Latin, which was decisive for its expression in modern languages, in French as puissance, potentialité, vertu, virtualité, etc., in English as potency, potentiality, virtue, virtuality, etc.; Le mot δύναμις est un terme fondamental dans la pensée grecque, non seulement en philosophie, où il prend une importance singulière à partir d’Aristote, mais aussi en médecine, en sciences de la nature ou en mathématiques. La présente étude s’attache à mettre en évidence les équivalents de traduction que lui ont assignés les traducteurs et les auteurs latins, à l’époque classique et en latin tardif ou médiéval, selon une double approche. En premier lieu, il s’agit, dans une perspective onomasiologique d’identifier les modes d’apparition de δύναμις et des mots de sa famille dans un choix de textes latins, des comédies de Plaute jusqu’aux traductions boéciennes de l’Organon d’Aristote : l’emprunt de signifiant, le néologisme formel, la transposition ou, le cas le plus fréquent, la traduction proprement dite. Puis, dans une approche sémasiologique, il s’agit de mesurer l’impact de la traduction du grec sur un ensemble lexical latin constitué des noms employés le plus fréquemment pour traduire δύναμις, à savoir potestas « possibilité, pouvoir », potentia « puissance », uis « force, violence » et uirtus « valeur, qualité, vertu ». Les emplois de ces mots sont étudiés dans un corpus constitué de textes littéraires et de textes spécialisés dans les domaines de la connaissance susdits, où l’on cherche à savoir s’ils ont fait l’objet d’un calque sémantique à partir du grec δύναμις. L’étude a ainsi pour but de reconstruire un moment de l’histoire de la notion grecque, celui de sa « conversion » en latin, moment déterminant pour son expression dans les langues modernes par fr. puissance, potentialité, vertu, virtualité, angl. potency, potentiality, virtue, virtuality, etc.
- Published
- 2010
30. Dieu sans la puissance
- Author
-
Aubry, Gwenaëlle and Aubry, Gwenaëlle
- Subjects
[SHS.PHIL] Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy ,Aristotle ,Plotinus ,Hans Jonas ,Power ,Dunamis ,Metaphysics ,Potentiality ,Energeia ,Heidegger - Abstract
Comptés par Aristote comme l'un des principaux sens de l'être, l'en-puissance et l'en-acte ouvrent dans la Métaphysique une voie négligée, mais qui permet peut-être d'en dépasser les lectures aporétiques comme les réductions ontothéologiques. C'est cette voie que l'on se propose de suivre en examinant au fil du texte, et dans leur corrélation, la constitution du projet métaphysique d'Aristote et celle du couple conceptuel de la dunamis et de l'energeia. Irréductibles tant à la puissance et à l'action qu'à la matière et à la forme, l'en-puissance et l'en-acte paraissent à même de fonder une ontologie unitaire, qui se dévoile aussi comme une ontologie axiologique, identifiant en l'acte le mode d'être du bien, en l'en-puissance son mode d'action. Cette ontologie porte une pensée singulière du divin: acte, et non «forme pure», sans puissance, mais non pas impuissant, le premier moteur aristotélicien échappe à l'alternative entre le Dieu tout-puissant de la tradition métaphysique et le Dieu faible des inquiétudes contemporaines. Qu'en est-il, alors, du devenir de cette ontologie? On tente de mesurer la portée du geste par lequel Plotin désigne son premier principe non plus comme acte mais comme puissance de tout, dunamis pantōn. Avec lui s'inaugurent peut-être la subversion et l'oubli d'une pensée pour laquelle l'être, et le divin, ne se confondent ni avec la puissance ni avec la présence.
- Published
- 2006
31. Aristotelian Inversion in Jean Giraudoux's Electre
- Author
-
LEADBEATER, Lewis W.
- Published
- 1990
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