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Purpose: Epidemiological studies have shown a significant correlation between increased levels of lipoprotein (a) and coronary and cerebral vascular diseases. Lipoprotein (a) presents a striking homology with plasminogen and may therefore complete with binding of plasminogen at fibrin and at the endothelial cell surface, leading to fibrinolytic system dysfunction. The aim of this work is to study the relationship between increased levels of Lp(a) and retinal vein occlusion., Methods: 132 consecutive patients with retinal vein occlusion were screened for lipoprotein (a) level. They also underwent initial and final visual acuity measurement, fluorescein angiography and blood tests including glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, apolipoprotein A1 and B, protein electrophoresis, coagulation tests. Lipoprotein (a) results were compared with those of 52 age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors-matched controls., Results: Lipoprotein (a) values were significantly higher in the retinal vein occlusion group than in the control group (p = 0.05). Elevated lipoprotein (a) (> 0.1 g/l) levels were observed more often in retinal vein occlusion patients (61%) than in the controls (42%; p < 0.02). No correlation was found in retinal vein occlusion patients between high levels of lipoprotein (a) and a severe form of retinal vein occlusion. Lipoprotein (a) levels were similar in central vein and branch vein occlusion patients., Conclusion: Lipoprotein (a) has been shown to be correlated with cardiovascular disorders and may also be involved in retinal vein occlusion, probably by dysfunction of the fibrinolytic system. However, it does not seem to be a prognostic factor of retinal vein occlusion and its role has to be elucidated in further studies.