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Biodiversity of farm animals is a highly valuable resource for sustainable development of humanity especially when faced environmental and economic changes. Intensification of farm industry destabilizes animal’s genetic diversity. Farm animals’ behaviour shaped during the long period off domestication might be of the specific risk being poorly investigated due to the difficulties in measuring behavioural traits. Here we use translational approach by identifying goat orthologues of human personality-related genes as in the recent study of Tamu Yokomori et al. (2023) that dealt with racing horses’ personality. We extended this approach by using a huge dataset covering goat populations through all the World, that allowed to investigate populational distribution of alleles in personality related genes. We identified 41 SPN in 18 genes that were previously shown to be polymorphic both in human and horses in the study of Yokomori et al. Many of them showed highly asymmetric distribution that suggest an important role for these genes in goat evolution and domestication.

Farm animals provide about 30% of humanity’s food requirements [1]. The world’s population’s demand for animal products is expected to keep growing. New technologies in animal husbandry can make it possible to meet this demand and to reduce its impact on the environment. Genomic selection plays a key role in this process as a promising and safe method for improving genetic qualities of farm animals. Before the widespread of genomic selection, high cost of genotyping was the main factor holding back an improvement of animal farming. However, today, the bottleneck in genomic selection is a limited amount of high-quality phenotypic data, which is still either difficult or too costly to obtain [2]. New technologies in animal phenotyping become of special attention. The current paper reviews the next-generation technologies in animal phenotyping and revels the main challenges limiting its widespread in the example of dairy cattle.

This paper presents an efficiency analysis of medium-voltage distribution network protection and considers directions for improving protection characteristics based on synchronized phasor measurement technology (SPM). The authors propose protection algorithms based on two- and multi-sided measurements of voltage and current synchrophasors and cite the advantages of combining local protection with centralized protection and wide area protection.

This paper presents the results of research on improving the protection, automation and monitoring systems of power transformers (PT) in 6-35 kV distribution networks. The authors have developed improved algorithms for differential and distance protection of a transformer based on measuring voltage and current synchrophasors, proposed additional criteria for blocking protection in the event of a magnetization inrush current (MIC), and considered the functions of the transformer monitoring and automation system based on synchrophasor technology.

The paper examines the dissemination of principles for constructing WAMPAC systems in medium voltage networks. The authors provide the prerequisites for the use of WAMPAC in distribution networks and show the advantages of such systems over traditional ones. The first part of the paper considers directions for the development of monitoring, protection and automation systems in the distribution network. The second part is devoted to the localization of ground faults based on phasor measurement technology. The paper also presents the results of mathematical modeling and data on the experience of applying WAMPAC principles in 10 kV cable networks.

The paper discusses issues of improving control and relay protection systems based on the study and analysis of voltage and current synchrophasors of electromechanical and electromagnetic transient processes. The authors consider methods for analyzing transient synchrophasors, the use of synchronized phasor measurement technology in control systems and for improving line distance protection. The paper provides examples of line impedance estimation using traditional protection algorithms and proposed algorithms based on phasor measurements.

Distribution medium voltage networks have a branched structure, many power centers, longcable and overhead lines. This complicates the process of their automation, since significant capital costs for new equipment are required. New solutions based on modern technologies can help speed up this process and make it more efficient. The authors propose the use of synchronized phasor measurement technology for automating medium voltage networks. This paper considers approaches that describe the possibilities of implementing the WAMPAC principles in such networks, provides several examples where these principles apply.

Distance protection of overhead lines is widely used and is continually being improved. However, the distance protection cannot work stably and is blocked in several electromechanical transients. Additionally, a non-linear arc can affect the stability of the distance protection in case of a short-circuit. The authors consider ways to improve distance protection during such transients. In particular, this paper proposes the use of synchronized phasor measurement technology to improve the efficiency of distance protection. This paper considers a new approach for the analysis of electromechanical and electromagnetic transients in a power system using process synchrophasors. As examples, cases of a short-circuit in a line with oneway and two-way powers are considered. The authors consider the influence of a non-linear arc at the fault point and consider the possibility of the coincidence of the electromechanical and electromagnetic transients. The result is a new algorithm for operating distance protection, an improvement in the parametric method for determining the location of line damage. The calculations performed and mathematical modeling confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

The paper discusses the efficiency of RPA devices application with support of synchronized phasor measurements (SPM) at the step-down substations and in 6-20 kV distribution networks. The main part of the paper presents a description of the algorithm developed by the authors for determining the damaged cable line during single-phase ground faults (SGF) in 6-20 kV distribution networks with compensated and isolated neutral. The proposed algorithm makes it possible to realize reliable, fast-acting, and selective SGF protection in distribution cable networks acting either on a signal or on a trip. Based on the SGF protection using SPM, an SGF localization system can be created. This makes it easier to find a damaged cable line in the distribution network. The report presents the conditions for the application of this algorithm, which ensure the stability and reliability of its operation under various parameters of the network. The paper authors propose options for improving the SGF protection algorithm, which allows expanding the field of its application. The results of virtual modeling confirm the effectiveness of SGF protection based on the SPM using the developed algorithm. The final part of the paper contains examples demonstrating other areas of SPM application for RPA devices of step-down transformers, substations, cable distribution networks.

The article discusses examples of synchrophasor measurement (SPM) technology application for implementation of inherently selective protection for 35-220 kV step-down substations and 6-20 kV distribution points.

The article deals with the development of software and hardware systems that expand the scope of application of the synchrophasor measurement (SPM) technology. The following tasks are considered as applications: automation of 6-10 kV distribution networks with the possibility of localization a damaged cable line in case of single-phase earth faults, monitoring the state of power transformers, analyzing low-frequency oscillations in the power system.

Facilities for storing radioactive waste with residual heat differ from other facilities in high safety standards in all operating conditions. A feature of these structures is the presence of biological protection in the form of walls and ceilings made of reinforced concrete with a large thickness. The combination of heat dissipation and the large thickness of walls and floors create conditions for the appearance of significant thermal stresses. This feature should be taken into account in the strength calculations of these buildings, taking into account the summation of seismic effects, gravitational forces and thermal stresses caused by uneven temperature fields in concrete. The paper presents the results of calculations of the combined effects of thermal stresses and earthquakes on a building. The data obtained made it possible to determine the features of the deformation of concrete structures with a combination of loads.

With the increase of information received every day and the speed of decision-making, management control is becoming one of the most important mechanisms in the system of managing assets, capital and obligations of an organization, ensuring stability, development and economic security. Nowadays, there is an increasing interest of internal users in the process of forming and controlling tax calculations and obligations for the purposes of tactical and strategic management. Further development of the management control of tax calculations and the obligations of an organization largely depends on the development and selection of methods for evaluating its effectiveness. To date, in the economic literature and in practice there is no unified approach to the selection of criteria and indicators for evaluating the management control of tax calculations and obligations. In the opinion of the authors, as criteria that characterize the management control of tax calculations should be used performance and reliability. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of management control of tax calculations and liabilities, which allows to ensure the confidence of internal interested users in the accuracy of the information reflected in accounting and reporting, and also in compliance with the implementation of control compliance of the implementation of management control with established internal requirements. To solve the problem of developing a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of management control of tax calculations and obligations, the following methods were used in the study: systematization, modeling, method of complexity and dialectical method. For the purpose of providing interested users with complete and detailed information on the effectiveness of management control of tax calculations and obligations, it was proposed to disclose its reliability through a system of quality indicators, and the performance through systems of both quality and quantity indicators.

The modern models of training and retraining of personnel, which are created for the all-Russian system have certain lacks, regarding the creation of models and the determination of connection between them. The article reviews the system of personnel training to combat the money laundering and financing the terrorism (AML/CFT) in the Russian Federation. The article shows the necessity of the international integration for the training of highly qualified personnel and the advantages of creation of the international consortiums uniting universities, scientific centers and non-profit organizations. This will allow to develop the practice, science and education in the field of economic security.

We have reviewed the known data about mechanisms, conditions, reasons, and characteristics of rebound, coagulation, and explosive disintegration of drops in gas-vapor-droplet streams. The three main factors of altering a direction of motion, a velocity, a size and a concentration of droplets in a gaseous stream have been highlighted. Among of them are the thermal factor (heating and evaporation of drops), the aerodynamic factor (acceleration, reverse motion, and deceleration of drops due to their entrainment by gaseous stream), the dynamic factor (change in size, velocity, and direction of motion of drops after their collision). We have generalized the findings obtained by various authors in experiments with two drops, little group of drops, and aerosol. In addition, we have reviewed the published results about the fields of velocities and motion trajectories of drops in a flow, about the change in size and concentration of drops due to rebound, coagulation, disintegration (i.e. the complete destruction of the parent drops and the detachment of the liquid fragments of different size and volume from the surface).

A model of the building heating system, consisting of energy source, a distributed automatic control system, elements of individual heating unit and heating system is designed. Application Simulink of mathematical package Matlab is selected as a platform for the model. There are the specialized application Simscape libraries in aggregate with a wide range of Matlab mathematical tools allow to apply the “acausal” modeling concept. Implementation the “physical” representation of the object model gave improving the accuracy of the models. Principle of operation and features of the functioning of the thermal model is described. The investigations of building cooling dynamics were carried out.

A model of the building heating system, consisting of energy source, a distributed automatic control system, elements of individual heating unit and heating system is designed. Application Simulink of mathematical package Matlab is selected as a platform for the model. There are the specialized application Simscape libraries in aggregate with a wide range of Matlab mathematical tools allow to apply the “acausal” modeling concept. Implementation the “physical” representation of the object model gave improving the accuracy of the models.

Using high-speed video recording, the experiments were performed to research quantitative characteristics of explosive breakup phenomenon of 5–15 μl water droplets containing 2×2×1 mm and 2×2×2 mm solid inclusions, when heated in a tube furnace at temperatures of 1070–1370 K. Experimental results report number and size of the droplets detached during explosive breakup. We show that the fragmentation of liquid layer covering solid particles facilitates the increase the evaporation surface area 15-fold versus the initial surface area of a drop.

On the basis of experimental date the heat and mass transfer models are developed in ANSYS Fluent software package for researching the processes of evaporation of inhomogeneous water droplets. The influence of the temperature of the gases (550-850 K) on the evaporation of inhomogeneous water droplets is estimated. Times of complete liquid evaporation from free surface of inhomogeneous water droplets and explosive vaporization of water droplets at different gas temperatures are established.

We developed an experimental setup equipped with tube furnace for continuous heating of heterogeneous drops at a constant temperature and high-speed camera to study characteristics of phase transitions at interfaces of these drops. Also, an experimental procedure was proposed to estimate time characteristics of processes occurring when heated heterogeneous drops in high-temperature environment. As an example, at temperature of heating of 1373 K, lifetime of 15 μl water drop with 1 mm solid inclusion made of natural graphite in high-temperature environment equals almost to 1 s. Experimental data also enabled to reveal minimum temperature at which intensive vaporization of 5 μl, 10 μl and 15 μl drops with inclusions in size of 2×2×2 mm proceeds with explosive breakup. This temperature equals to 803 ± 10 K depending on initial water volume in heterogeneous drops.

Using high-speed camera, the experiments were performed to research evaporation of 10 μl water droplets containing 2 mm solid inclusions in the shape of cube, when heated (up to 850 K) in combustion products of technical ethanol. Adding solid inclusions in water droplets allowed considerably decreasing (by 70%) their evaporation times. Also, the artificial irregularities (roughness and porosity) at the surfaces of solid inclusions were manufactured to increase heat transfer area. Such approach enabled to decrease evaporation times of heterogeneous liquid droplets in high-temperature gases by 40% (when comparing inclusions with artificial irregularities and smooth surface).

Experimental investigation of vapor formation was carried out on water droplets on fixed graphite substrate and heterogeneous droplets (containing solid single inclusions) when heating in high-temperature gas. High-speed video shooting (up to 105 frames per second), optical method (Particle Image Velocimetry) and TEMA Automotive software were used. We revealed two phase change mechanisms of heterogeneous liquid droplets. Effect of evaporation and boiling on evaporation times of water droplets was determined.

This paper investigates the evaporation of a water droplet with a comparably sized solid nontransparent inclusion in a high-temperature (500–800 K) gas medium. Water evaporates from the free surface of the inclusion. During this process, intensive vapor formation occurs on the inner interface “water droplet – solid inclusion” with the subsequent explosive decay of the droplet. Experiments have been conducted using high-speed (up to 105 fps) video cameras “Phantom” and software “Phantom Camera Control”. The conditions of the explosive vapor formation of the heterogeneous water droplet were found. The typical phase change mechanisms of the heterogeneous water droplet under the conditions of intensive heat exchange were determined.

The numerical investigation of thermal stresses within low-temperature insulation covering cryogenic pipelines and the numerical probability analysis of low-temperature insulation destruction under the condition of periodic duty were carried out. The minimal longevity values for foamed polyurethane and mineral cotton were established. The results of longevity analysis for foamed polyurethane and mineral cotton under the condition of environment temperature variation were obtained.