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IntroductionDes recherches antérieures ont suggéré que le mode de rémunération des médecins peut avoir une influence sur l’exhaustivité des demandes de remboursement lors de l’estimation des maladies chroniques. Le but de cette étude est d’estimer l’exhaustivité des données sur la facturation des médecins dans l’optique de déterminer des cas de diabète. MéthodologieNous avons utilisé les données administratives de huit provinces canadiennes pour la période du 1er avril 2014 au 31 mars 2016. Nous avons divisé la cohorte de patients en deux groupes mutuellement exclusifs en fonction du mode de rémunération de leur médecin : médecins rémunérés à l’acte pour ceux payés uniquement de cette façon et médecins non rémunérés à l’acte pour les autres. À l’aide des données sur les ordonnances de médicaments hypoglycémiants (source de nos données de référence), nous avons évalué si les cas de maladie avaient été déterminés avec la même exactitude en fonction du mode de rémunération. Nous avons ensuite corrigé les taux d’incidence du diabète afin d’optimiser l’exhaustivité des cas déterminés. RésultatsLa cohorte comprenait 86 110 patients. Dans l’ensemble, des proportions égales de patients ont reçu leurs médicaments hypoglycémiants de la part de médecins rémunérés à l’acte et de médecins non rémunérés à l’acte. Globalement, le mode de rémunération des médecins a eu peu d’effet sur le pourcentage de cas de diabète omis (14,8 % chez les médecins rémunérés à l’acte contre 12,2 % chez les médecins non rémunérés à l’acte). Toutefois, la différence de cas omis entre les médecins rémunérés à l’acte et ceux non rémunérés à l’acte était très variable d’une province à l’autre, allant de -1,0 % en Nouvelle-Écosse à 29,9 % à Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador. La différence entre les taux observés d’incidence de la maladie et les taux corrigés était également variable d’une province à l’autre, allant de 22 % à l’Île-du-Prince-Édouard à 4 % en Nouvelle-Écosse. ConclusionLa différence entre le nombre de cas omis selon le mode de rémunération des médecins est variable d’une province à l’autre. Cette perte de données contribue probablement à une sous-estimation de l’incidence de la maladie. Il serait possible d’appliquer la méthode que nous avons utilisée à d’autres maladies chroniques pour lesquelles des données de traitement pharmacologique pourraient servir de données de référence.

IntroductionPrevious research has suggested that how physicians are paid may affect the completeness of billing claims for estimating chronic disease. The purpose of this study is to estimate the completeness of physician billings for diabetes case ascertainment. MethodsWe used administrative data from eight Canadian provinces covering the period 1 April 2014 to 31 March 2016. The patient cohort was stratified into two mutually exclusive groups based on their physician remuneration type: fee-for-service (FFS), for those paid only on that basis; and non-fee-for-service (NFFS). Using diabetes prescription drug data as our reference data source, we evaluated whether completeness of disease case ascertainment varied with payment type. Diabetes incidence rates were then adjusted for completeness of ascertainment. ResultsThe cohort comprised 86 110 patients. Overall, equal proportions received their diabetes medications from FFS and NFFS physicians. Overall, physician payment method had little impact upon the percentage of missed diabetes cases (FFS, 14.8%; NFFS, 12.2%). However, the difference in missed cases between FFS and NFFS varied widely by province, ranging from −1.0% in Nova Scotia to 29.9% in Newfoundland and Labrador. The difference between the observed and adjusted disease incidence rates also varied by province, ranging from 22% in Prince Edward Island to 4% in Nova Scotia. ConclusionThe difference in the loss of cases by physician remuneration method varied across jurisdictions. This loss may contribute to an underestimation of disease incidence. The method we used could be applied to other chronic diseases for which drug therapy could serve as reference data source.

European Cavalry, 1815-1871. The Challenge of 'Arms of Precision'

Une étude transversale descriptive a été réalisée pour déterminer les facteurs qui incitent les infirmières canadiennes en oncologie à suggérer la prise de cannabis à leurs patients pour soulager les nausées et vomissements induits par chimiothérapie (NVIC). Au total, 678 membres de l’Association canadienne des infirmières en oncologie (ACIO/CANO) ont reçu, entre le 8 février et le 10 avril 2022, une invitation à répondre au sondage, suivie de trois rappels. Une infirmière enseignante a aussi envoyé l’invitation à 131 autres infirmières en oncologie de l’est de l’Ontario. Le sondage s’appuyait sur le modèle d’utilisation de la recherche d’Ottawa. En tout, 27 personnes ont ouvert le lien du sondage et 25 l’ont rempli. Onze (47,8 %) d’entre elles ont répondu à la question sur l’efficacité du cannabis pour soulager les NVIC. Les trois principaux obstacles à recommander la prise de cannabis étaient la stigmatisation sociale, le manque de connaissances des infirmières et le manque de directives au sein du milieu de travail. Tous les participants ont relevé l’importance de la formation continue et de directives écrites sur le recours au cannabis pour soulager les NVIC. Le sondage a reçu peu de réponses, mais dans l’ensemble, les répondants se disaient mal préparés pour proposer la prise de cannabis en traitement des NVIC.

A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted to determine factors influencing Canadian oncology nurses discussing cannabis use with patients experiencing chemotherapy-induced nausea (CIN). A survey invitation and three reminders were sent to 678 members of the Canadian Association of Nurses in Oncology (CANO) between February 8 and April 10, 2022. An educator sent an extra invitation to 131 oncology nurses in Eastern Ontario. The survey was based on the Ottawa Model of Research Use. Twenty-seven opened the link to the survey and 25 responded. Of 25 nurses, 11 (47.8%) correctly answered the knowledge question about the effectiveness of cannabis for CIN. The top three barriers to discussing cannabis use were social stigma, nurses’ lack of knowledge, and lack of guidance within the workplace. All participants identified needing continuing education and written guidance about use of cannabis for CIN. Although few oncology nurses responded to the survey, most indicated feeling inadequately prepared to discuss cannabis use with patients experiencing CIN.

Martha Graham’s modernist dance, Clytemnestra, opened on Broadway in 1958; celebrated as “a blazing swatch of emotional colors,” its Cold War political import became immediately apparent as it toured for the US government. Clytemnestra demonstrated not only the cultural sophistication of the US; the dramatization of emotions in an American modern non-verbal language engaged international audience and diplomatic “hearts” in the US bid for “hearts and minds” in its fight against communism. As a powerful artist, Graham brought her fragility to the stage, which represented the nation in what the government called the “the translation effect.”

Although rather distant from the Western Indian Ocean basin, the Southern Levant can be considered fairly included into trading dynamics regulating the movement and use of exotic goods, especially luxury raw materials, frequently representing the final destination for this kind of items. During the Late Bronze Age, Southern Levantine jewelry encompasses an eclectic group of differentiated artifacts, witnessing a remarkable level of artistic talent and technical expertise. The most part of the products is manufactured in gold and silver, using the decorative shares of precious and semiprecious stones originating from eastern Africa and the Indus Valley. The wealth of jewelry’s arts, and in particular the large use of stones, has given rise to a number of hypothesis that will be briefly discussed in the paper, analyzing the origins of raw material, archaeological contexts of finished products, and specialized production of personal ornaments, with particular attention to the actors and the ultimate goal of their production.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have shown great potential for data collection and monitoring of areas. Sensors such as LiDARs and cameras can be used on UAVs for high-resolution data collection and used for various applications like Digital Surface Models (DSM), photogrammetry, inspection systems, and maintenance applications. This paper describes the design and implementation of a sensor payload for UAVs using a LiDAR sensor, camera, Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), and Global Positioning System (GPS). The payload collects data that can be used to georeference LiDAR and camera data, which can later be used to generate a georeferenced map and perform object detection and classification.

As part of Routledge’s ‘Studies in Food, Society, and the Environment’ series, Kenavy’s recent edited volume provides a timely look at plant-based eating, in both research and practice. Plant-Based Diets for Succulence and Sustainability (2020) includes fourteen chapters divided into four thematic sections (environmental sustainability, human health, animal rights and welfare, and political economy), and is delivered in an engaging yet accessible way appropriate for academic and general audiences. Plant-Based Diets is particularly interesting given its focus on Canadian case studies and persistent social issues, with a noticeable number of cases focusing on Canada’s East coast.

In 1788 William Blake invented a technically revolutionary method of printing both word and image together that he called ‘Illuminated Printing.’ Blake’s invention made it possible to print both the text of his poems and the images that he created to illustrate them from the same copper plate, etched in relief (in contrast to conventional etching or engraving in intaglio), unassisted, using his own rolling-press. Significantly, this meant that he became solely responsible not only for the creation, but also for the reproduction of his works, largely free from commercial constraint and entirely free from censorship. The paper explains and illustrates Blake's invention in the context of conventional eighteenth-century illustrated book production, which required two fundamentally different kinds of printing press, a screw- or letter-press as well as a rolling-press, and numbers of highly skilled specialist pressmen. The metaphorical significance of Blake’s method of ‘Illuminated Printing’ is also explored.

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The local food movement in North America has grown significantly during the last decade, yet there still remains relatively little empirical research on the subject. Fortunately, however, the recent work Growing Local: Case Studies on Local Food Supply Chains edited by Robert King, Michael Hand, and Miguel Gomez helps to further develop an understanding of this increasingly popular food system. Growing Local examined five case studies in order to gain a better overall understanding of local food supply chains—apples in Syracuse, New York; blueberries in Portland, Oregon; spring mix in Sacramento, California; beef in the Twin Cities, Minnesota; and milk in Washington, DC. These region and product pairings examined mainstream, direct, and intermediated markets to address the impact of local food supply chains on social, economic, environmental, and health dynamics of the examined communities.