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This article will focus on the mechanistic origins of the computer metaphor, which forms the conceptual framework for the methodology of the cognitive sciences, some areas of artificial intelligence and the philosophy of mind. The connection between the history of computing technology, epistemology and the philosophy of mind is expressed through the metaphorical dictionaries of the philosophical discourse of a particular era. The conceptual clarification of this connection and the substantiation of the mechanistic components of the computer metaphor is the main goal of this article. The statement is substantiated that the invention of mechanical computing devices, having a long history in the European engineering tradition, formed the prerequisites for the emergence of machine functionalism in the modern philosophy of mind. The idea of multiple implementation stems from the principle that a formal symbol system prescribes rules for the use of rational abstractions through the physical architecture of a computational engine. The article considers the reasons for the conceptual shift and reveals the semantic foundations for the metaphorical transfer of the properties of abstract objects from the theory of automata to the field of modern philosophy of mind. The criticism and ways of protecting the philosophical program of machine functionalism are analyzed by changing the content of the metaphor “Mind as machine”. The reasons for the stability of the information-computer approach in cognitive sciences are also disclosed and explained.

Methodological issues of modern linguistic philosophy of consciousness are discussed in the article. A number of points of modern analytic philosophy of consciousness are considered and one can understand the whole complexity of the issue of correlation of mental and physical processes concerning the linguistic aspect. We pay much attention to the linguistic nature of intentionality and to the problem of reference; and we also describe intentional ambivalence of semiotisation of sensory experience.

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In its early and peak periods Romanticism was particularly characterized, among other things, by severe criticism of the rational understanding of the world, and thus also of the Enlightenment and its world-view. One area where the Romantics’ distrust of reason, system, and mechanics was manifested was the area of the so-called Dark Romanticism and its terrifying stories. In this context, one dominant principle of the emergence of disturbing or scary moments in the Romantic literary text can also be determined: Fear is created as a crack in the rational images of the world, as a dark psychological exploration of the human self. In this respect, the article deals with the work of E. T. A. Hoffmann and Ludwig Tieck.

The article analyses references to Pisander, Antiphon, Phrynichus and Theramenes in the writings of Cicero and Nepos. From a historian’s point of view, the accuracy of the Romans’ statements varies greatly and has to be evaluated in each instance separately. The Romans’ opinions concerning the Greek politicians should be judged cautiously, because the Roman writers were not interested in giving an overall assessment of the Athenian oligarchs’ political careers.

This article deals with the first part of beginning teachers, as actors of education in the school environment. Discipline plays a role in the procedural and personal control activities beginning teacher. Defining discipline is based on the concept of power and power elements, combined with the perception of educational situations in the school setting themselves actors - teachers. The second part introduces to some selected discourses indicators and outlines opportunities for further work with the concepts of discipline.

The paper describes the mathematical aspects of an intelligent information decision support system (DSS) in the field of information security. A mathematical model of the system is presented. The reaction to a signal of a decrease in the level of security of IT assets is described. When the critical value of the objective function of security is reached, adjustments are being made to the list of information protection measures and review the current level of cyber risks. The system is configured so as not to trigger at the first, possibly random, external alarm. Also at the base of mathematical model there are financial restrictions of organization on ensuring the information security and prices for protection blocks are taken into account. This paper shows the connection of the presented mathematical model with classical linear programming problems. The mathematical formulation of this model is equivalent to the modified knapsack problem, a well-known discrete optimization problem; however, the presented mathematical model has its own specifics, which complicates the solution in the general case for arbitrary number of blocs and sections. In practical implementation, when this number of blocks and sections is not large, the problem, generally speaking, can be solved, among other things, by brute force method. It is shown that under some additional conditions, the problem can be reduced to the assignment problem, which is solved in polynomial time, and under additional conditions on the prices of protection blocks, its solution will the identical permutation. These additional conditions are not contrived or artificial.

The paper presents a number of original technical solutions for a mobile power plant based on a closed cycle gas turbine. The power plant is designed to operate on wood fuel in the conditions of timber warehouses, timber terminals and wood processing industries. The design of a heat generator using wood chips from production waste is proposed. Numerical modelling of the power plant in the SimInTech program was carried out. As a result of mathematical modelling, the main indicators of the power plant were determined. As a result of numerical experiments, the maximum electric power of the power plant was determined to be 1203 kW gross. The optimal initial pressure of the working fluid in the system is determined to be 0.52 MPa under the condition of maximum power. This power was recorded when using a turbine and compressor with a nominal frequency of 1000 Hz, helium as the working fluid of the turbine, combustion products of wood chips with a temperature of 1050 °C in the amount of 11 kg/s, and the use of evaporative cooling. The results obtained can be used in the development of solid fuel power plants with closed cycle gas turbines.

The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of psychological characteristics of the manifestation of co-dependent behavior of women. The novelty of the study lies in the development of psychodiagnostics criteria for identifying co-dependent behavior using the content analysis method, using the Thematic Apperceptive Test (TAT) tables with the aim of further developing a set of therapeutic measures. The study involved 152 women from the Rostov region of the Russian Federation aged 17 to 30 years, exhibiting varying degrees of codependence and living with a drug-dependent partner for at least 5 years. The study was carried out using standardized psychological tests and projective methods, which made it possible to identify the degree of manifestation of co-dependent behavior: test “The scale of co-dependence in relations (Spann Fisher)” (adaptation Moskalenko); “Write a story” technique (stimulus material of tables 2, 4 and 6 of TAT. It has been established that content analysis allows us to determine qualitative differences in the degree of manifestation of co-dependent behavior, which we can identify and use in the initial stage of therapy with a co-dependent client, which means that it allows not only to quickly identify the condition, but also to determine its intensity.