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En la actualidad no existe en la Argentina un mercado desarrollado para transferir riesgos sistémicos como sequía e inundación, a pesar de ser el Agro una de las principales fuentes de riqueza del país, y de ser estos factores climáticos extremos la causa principal de pérdidas de los últimos diez años. El presente trabajo plantea tres aspectos que creemos que ayudarán a su desarrollo: La utilización de avances tecnológicos (índice de vegetación mejorado —EVI— medido satelitalmente durante el período crítico del cultivo), que lo hace viable por ? la reducción de costos operativos en la industria de seguros; ? la baja del nivel de agregación reduciendo el riesgo base; ? la confiabilidad de las mediciones. La alternativa de compartir el riesgo entre los distintos stakeholders de la cadena. El debate y la difusión de conceptos de la Teoría General del Costo que clarifican el impacto de la disminución del riesgo empresario sobre la reducción del costo de capital, en pos de optimizar la plusvalía objetivo.

Abstract Effective selection on the PrP gene has been implemented since October 2001 in all French sheep breeds. After four years, the ARR "resistant" allele frequency increased by about 35% in young males. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of this strong selection on genetic variability. It is focussed on four French sheep breeds and based on the comparison of two groups of 94 animals within each breed: the first group of animals was born before the selection began, and the second, 3–4 years later. Genetic variability was assessed using genealogical and molecular data (29 microsatellite markers). The expected loss of genetic variability on the PrP gene was confirmed. Moreover, among the five markers located in the PrP region, only the three closest ones were affected. The evolution of the number of alleles, heterozygote deficiency within population, expected heterozygosity and the Reynolds distances agreed with the criteria from pedigree and pointed out that neutral genetic variability was not much affected. This trend depended on breed, i.e. on their initial states (population size, PrP frequencies) and on the selection strategies for improving scrapie resistance while carrying out selection for production traits.

The article presents information on the analysis of a skeleton of a little girl dating from the 2nd and 3rd centuries found on an archaeological excavation site in 1997. Particular focus is given to the fact that the examination of her tailbone showed that she was suffering from urolithiasis, a condition where urinary calculi are formed in the urinary tract. A discussion on the potential causes of this condition is proposed, reflecting on the historical context of this period in terms of hygiene and nutritional deficiencies.

The article discusses trephination as a surgical practice dating to the paleolithic era, with a focus on surgeries performed during the era of the Roman Empire. Topics discussed include descriptions of cases of the operation and skull remnants found giving evidence of the surgery; descriptions of the surgery from well known Roman authors, and conditions which were treated by the surgery; and examination of a particular case through strategies of paleopathology. The article includes a bibliography.

We used positron emission tomography to study the effects of unilateral vascular thalamic lesions on cortical oxygen or glucose utilisation in 10 patients. There was a significant ipsilateral cortex hypometabolism in 9 of the 10 patients, affecting diffusely the whole cortical mantle. The only patient spared was free of neuropsychological deficit at time of PET study. In 4 patients, the magnitude of ipsilateral cortical hypometabolism was significantly less at follow-up PET study, together with improved neuropsychological function. When plotted altogether, the 14 studies showed a significant tendency for the hypometabolism to improve with time elapsed since clinical onset. On the whole, these data suggest that the ipsilateral cortical hypometabolism reflects an essentially functional alteration an not only a degenerating process. This most likely indicates a cortical deafferentation due to loss of non-specific thalamo-cortical connections, i.e. a phenomenon akin to "diaschisis". However, a causal relationship between cortical hypometabolism and neuropsychological deficit cannot be firmly established from the present data.