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The increasing concern for sustainable materials and waste management has led to innovative approaches in material science. This study explores the potential benefit of aggregate waste in the production of aluminum composites practicing powder metallurgy techniques. The aim is to investigate the feasibility of incorporating bone material into aluminium matrices to enhance the composite’s mechanical properties. The research involves several key steps. Firstly, waste bone material is collected and processed to obtain a fine powder suitable for powder metallurgy. Various techniques such as grinding, milling, or pulverization are employed to achieve the desired particle size distribution. Next, the bone powder is mixed with aluminium powder in predetermined ratios to create composite blends. The composite blends are then subjected to compaction using powder metallurgy techniques, including cold pressing and sintering. The compaction process aims to consolidate the powders and facilitate the formation of a solid composite structure. The aluminum composites mechanical characteristics are then assessed. The effects of incorporating bone material are assessed using tests on tensile strength, ductility, hardness, and other relevant mechanical properties. Comparative analysis is performed between the composites with bone material and traditional aluminium composites to assess any improvements or changes in performance.

The total amount of solid trash produced in India is 160038.9 TPD, according to the Annual Report on Solid Waste Management (2020–21), CPCB, Delhi. Out of which, Tamil Nadu created 13422 TPD of solid waste, of which 9430.35 TPD was processed, and 2301.04 TPD was landfilled. The researchers have been forced to look at alternative processes and materials for the manufacturing of construction materials utilizing processed municipal solid waste ash (PMSWA) due to the increased demand for environmentally friendly and sustainable products. This research work focused on the replacement of fine aggregate by (0%, 10%, 30% and 50%) Processed Municipal Solid Waste Ash (PMSWA) in the Solid Blocks. This research enhances the sustainable material development in the construction industry. SEM study showed that specimens with CTR do not have any cracking on their fracture surfaces, unlike samples without CTR. This study examines the material’s physical characteristics, including its mechanical attributes like compressive strength and flexural strength as well as its chemical composition using XRF. It demonstrates that the substitution or addition of PMSWA to construction materials is appropriate, cost-effective, and safe.

Waste generated due to various industrial activities are dumped as landfill posing serious environmental complications. Pollution control due to industrial waste has become one of concern across the globe. This study discusses foundry sand and coconut shell, two byproducts of the manufacturing and agriculture sectors. The most efficient use of these components is to include them into the concrete itself, either as a partial substitute for fine aggregate or coarse aggregate, or both. Durability tests were conducted on concrete samples with the replacement percentages determined to be optimal on the basis of mechanical characteristics. According to the findings, foundry sand may be utilised as a fine aggregate replacement in concrete, while coconut shell can be used as a coarse aggregate replacement without impacting its strength or durability.

Mild steel is a popular material used in various applications due to its excellent machinability, strength and durability. Mild steel is one of the most affordable materials available, making it an excellent choice for budget-conscious projects. Regrettably, Mild steel is not typically used in some industries due to its low strength-to-weight ratio and limited corrosion resistance. AISI 1020 steel is relatively soft and has limited wear resistance compared to other types of steel, particularly those with higher carbon content. This review paper discusses the profitable and successful approach to enhance the service life and utility of the mild steel machinery components. Various investigators have put their effort into developing different methods to improve the properties of the mild steel components. The laser cladding process is developed by the melting of the preplaced coating layer with the surface of the substrate simultaneously which is able to prevent direct contact with the environment. The present review paper discussed in detail the impact of various parameters of laser cladding process and variation of the coating materials on the surface properties and microstructure of mild steel. Some challenges and remedies are also discussed in the paper. This review paper focused on some potential uses of the laser cladding process in diverse industries.