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The objective of this essay is to reflect on the way in which research in philosophy -especially this one carried out in a PhDis, on the one hand, an erotic experience, since the philosopher is always a beginner, marked by the longing for infinity and, at the same time, for the fact of not being able to advance but of partiality by partiality; and, on the other hand, an experience of friendship, because the work of thinking is never done alone, but involves the company, the shelter of an interlocutor who lovingly recreates with his words a constellation of meaning that reveals that we do not know. In other words, this essay is an invitation to consider research of a doctoral dissertation in philosophy as an authentic experience of love, encounter and company.

The article discusses notion of actuality in French philosopher's Voltaire. The author explains that according to Voltaire, the "present principle," as is it called in the article, is not a particular object of philosophical reflection, but a criterion for judgment. It is also noted that for French philosophers of the 18th century, past times are inevitably going to be forgotten and only present prevails as an object of study.

This article sets out to observe developments in the theoretical approaches to the transformation of genres in order to overcome the problems arising from essentialist, nominalist and teleological theories inherited from the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]