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This work presents a new public key cryptography encryption-decryption scheme based on generalized Fibonacci matrices and the Hill cipher. This scheme proposes using Fibonacci sequences under prime modulo for key establishment. This scheme exchanges the key matrix X = Mθp of order p × p for encryption and decryption. As an alternative to a key matrix, our scheme only requires the exchange of a pair of numbers (p,θ), resulting in a small key space and reduced time and space complexity. We also implemented our scheme with the help of java script and established better security.

In the Anthropocene Era, overpopulation presents a pressing environmental challenge. As humans take center stage as ecological actors, recognizing that previously unsustainable human-nonhuman relationships fall short of safeguarding the planet for future generations becomes clear. Dystopian literature is a powerful vehicle for contextualizing the potential environmental apocalypticism that could define our future – a world shaped by irreversible catastrophes and societies grappling desperately with adaptation. This paper delves into the recurring theme of overpopulation across three dystopian short stories: Kurt Vonnegut’s “2 B R 0 2 B,” James Graham Ballard’s “Billennium,” and Carrie Vaughn’s “Amaryllis.” In contrast to the idyllic realms of utopian literature, these narratives paint a stark picture of dread and despair in humanity’s struggle against dwindling resources. Through an ecocritical analysis, this study underscores the urgency of overpopulation as a looming threat in the near future, with its portrayal in dystopian literature serving as an unmistakable warning to safeguard against the end of a sustainable Earth.

The contemporary surge in economic growth often comes at the expense of future generations. This study delves into the multifaceted issues, problems, and challenges associated with environmental sustainability and the pursuit of sustainable economic development. It scrutinizes how a profit-driven capitalist production model frequently exploits natural resources for short-term gains, often at their full capacity. Achieving sustainable economic development necessitates the formulation and implementation of appropriate policies aligned with the United Nations' Millennium Goals. The study's objective was to re-examine the root causes of pollution while identifying the challenges and opportunities for… Analyzing the situation relied on secondary data from a variety of sources, including social media, academic journals, doctoral theses, print media, and webinars, utilizing a qualitative approach. Ultimately, the study proposes a recommendation: for economic development to be sustainable, it must safeguard existing natural resources, striking a balance between the needs of present and future generations.

Introduction La maladie de Crohn (MC), est une maladie inflammatoire chronique intestinale, d’origine multifactorielle, impliquant potentiellement une dérégulation de la réaction immunitaire muqueuse vis-à-vis d’un microbiote intestinal déséquilibré sous l’influence de facteurs environnementaux et génétiques. L’objectif de notre travail était de caractériser le microbiote fongique, conjointement au microbiote bactérien au cours de formes familiales de MC. Méthodes Nous avons utilisé une plateforme de séquençage à haut débit (Ion torrent PGM) pour caractériser le microbiote fécal (fongique et bactérien), échantillonné dans 9 familles multiplexes atteints de MC (20 patients, et 28 parents sains de premier degré), et 4 familles contrôles (21 individus sains non apparentés). Une étude bioinformatique a été réalisée pour analyser l’abondance, la biodiversité, et les interactions microbiennes. Résultats Le microbiote fécal des membres issus des familles multiplexes était statistiquement différent de celui des membres issus des familles contrôles. L’analyse en composante principale a montré qu’au sein des familles multiplexes, les patients MC et sujets sains apparentés partageaient un répertoire fongique commun. Les patients MC avaient en revanche un microbiote enrichi en Candida tropicalis , Escherichia coli et en Serratia marcescens , et appauvri en bactéries bénéfiques ( Faecalibacterium prausnitzii ). De plus les taux d’ASCA (anticorps anti- S. cerevisiae ), marqueur sérologique de la MC étaient corrélés à la présence de C. tropicalis ( p = 0,01). Enfin, nous avons mis en évidence une synergie entre C. tropicalis , E. coli et S. marcescens , suggérant une interaction microbienne in vivo pouvant participer à l’aggravation de l’inflammation intestinale. Ces données ont été validées par la suite in vitro avec un modèle de biofilm impliquant ces trois espèces. Conclusion Dans ces formes familiales de MC, la dysbiose et les interactions microbiennes entre bactéries et champignons pourraient contribuer à l’aggravation de la réponse inflammatoire au cours de la maladie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Au cours de l’embryogénèse, le milieu intra-utérin influence la prolifération, la différenciation et la fonction des cellules. En particulier, nous avons montré que le développement des cellules bêta dépend de l’environnement au sein du pancréas. Dans un milieu pauvre en énergie, des anomalies de la fonction mitochondriale peuvent conduire à une production excessive des espèces réactives de l’oxygène (ROS) et à des défauts fonctionnels des cellules bêta. Néanmoins, on sait aussi que les ROS sont nécessaires pour la sécrétion d’insuline. L’objectif de cette étude est de caractériser les effets des ROS sur le développement du pancréas endocrine. Matériels et méthodes Les niveaux de ROS ont été modulés à la fois in vivo et ex vivo par des approches pharmacologiques et génétiques. Des rates gestantes ont été injectées avec l’antioxydant N-Acétyl Cystéine et les pancréas des fœtus ont été analysés par immuno-histochimie. Des pancréas embryonnaires à E13.5 ont également été cultivés en présence de H 2 O 2 , de catalase, de N-Acétyl Cystéine, de l’agent découplant mitochondrial mlCP ou infectés par un adénovirus qui exprime la catalase. Résultats De façon inattendue, la diminution de la production de ROS in vivo , réduit la différenciation des cellules bêta. De plus, dans les explants pancréatiques, la différenciation des cellules bêta est induite par les ROS, de façon dose-dépendante. Cet effet implique l’activation de la voie P-ERK1/2. Enfin, l’addition pharmacologique de catalase, où la surexpression du gène codant pour cette enzyme réduisent les niveaux de ROS et en conséquence, altèrent la différenciation des cellules bêta. Conclusion Cette étude démontre que les ROS ont un rôle activateur du développement du pancréas endocrine. Ces mécanismes pourraient également être impliqués dans la génération de cellules bêta à partir de cellules-souches ou bien dans les processus de régénération du pancréas endocrine. Déclaration d’intérêt Les auteurs déclarent ne pas avoir d’intérêt direct ou indirect (financier ou en nature) avec un organisme privé, industriel ou commercial en relation avec le sujet présenté. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the potential use of electro-oxidation (EO) as a decentralized wastewater treatment method. The simulated wastewater comprising bacterial consortium was treated by employing mixed metal oxide (MMO). In particular, a lab-scale batch electrooxidation reactor was used at different operating parameters including NaCl dose ($n$), current density ($j$), and treatment time ($t$) in order to optimize the process using response surface methodology. The efficiency of the treatment process was evaluated in terms of % inactivation and energy consumption which were found to be 99.2% and 0.42 kWh/m$^{3}$, respectively. Under optimal conditions, it was found that the proposed technique’s overall operating cost was 0.189 $/m$^{3}$ taking into consideration the electrical energy consumed and cost of electrodes.

This research aims to reveal students’ Scientific Reasoning Skills (SRS) in traditional physics labs activity. This research used one shot case study. The Lawson’s Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning Skills (LCTSR) instrument was used to explore 115 university students’ SRS after completing traditional physics laboratory activity. The research shown that (1) 0.87% of students were in formal, 1.74% of students were in early transition, 22.61% of students were in late transition, and 74.78% of students were in concrete stage of cognitive development; and (2) students’ conservation of mass and volume skill reached the highest score while students’ proportional reasoning skill reached the lowest score. This results should be used as the database to improve students’ laboratory activity.

Ecopreneurship is about producing environmentally friendly products and technologies, where innovation and market orientation align with sustainability and ecological awareness. Ecopreneurship is important because environmental innovation is a potential competitive advantage. However, there are still many parties who do not know, understand, apply, and practice the principles of ecopreneurship properly, which can create sustainable businesses. No comprehensive research on ecopreneurship principles has been conducted. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively explore the principles of ecopreneurship for sustainable business practices. This research uses a library research method using critical analysis techniques. Researchers review various reputable references that discuss ecopreneurship, then conduct an in-depth analysis of ecopreneurship to find its principles. After many ecopreneurship principles were discovered, these ecopreneurship principles were then categorized into main principles. The research results explain that ecopreneurship concept is based on three pillars, namely: innovation, concern for the environment, and long-term sustainability. The research results found 28 ecopreneurship principles which were categorized into 6 main principles: environmental principles, business principles, ethical principles, benefit to society principles, circular economy principles, and sustainable principles. By implementing ecopreneurship principles comprehensively, it will contribute to community development (through the benefit to society principles). This will create a circular economic model (through the circular economy principles), so that it will increase sustainable business (through sustainable principles). This research can be used as a practical recommendation for entrepreneurs and policy makers, and it is hoped that future research areas can investigate how the principles of ecopreneurship are applied in various industries.

The proliferation of coffee shops and the coffee lifestyle of urbanites in Indonesia has kept the enthusiasm of businesspeople in rural areas for developing similar businesses. This article presents a novel study that dissects the unique efforts of the Uwarkop Sebro coffee shop in Cileungsi Kidul, a villagial and rural area in Bogor, Indonesia, from the perspective of the seven dimensions of Village and Rural Branding theory: locality, rurality, spatiality, cultural identity, communality, naturalness, and homeliness. Using a descriptive case study approach, the findings highlight the various modes of communication to market Uwarkop Sebro's brand values. In addition to the prominent locality, rurality, and spatiality, Uwarkop Sebro also excels in communality and homeliness but is weak in cultural identity, where its geographical character located on the edge of West Java (majority of Sundanese ethnicity) and not far from Jakarta (originally Betawi ethnicity), makes the people of Cileungsi have a less assertive culture. In terms of naturalness, apart from Jonggol coffee and the partially unspoiled nature of the countryside, Cileungsi has no other distinctive products. This study is the first to examine rural coffee shops that market their brands by combining a trihelix of brand values: service, specialty produce, and place.

The advances in technological developments in NFPCs are driven by the demands of a nation toward sustainability and ecologically friendly materials. Banana, eucalyptus, and kenaf-based material from natural fibers may confer several environmental benefits, including being biodegradable, having a reduced greenhouse gas, and carbon footprint. Despite these benefits, NFPCs exhibit drawbacks in mechanical performance. Poor interfacial adhesion, moisture absorption, and limited fire resistance are some examples of reasons hindering their broader use. Enhancement of fiber-matrix adhesion has been seen as a way of achieving enhanced mechanical properties of NFPCs, and the alkaline treatment using NaOH has come to be favored. Further, since such companies started using NFPCs as they are light in weight and green, such a review indicates a global trend towards sustainability, especially in the aerospace and automotive industries. Further innovation into these NFPCs will be a filling process with nano-clay and other nanoparticles for enhanced thermal and mechanical properties since such a material has immense potential of outperforming their rivals, which are mainly petroleum-based materials. In addition, review also discuss the increasing usage of biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid, PLA reinforced with natural fibers to improve durability and mechanical performance, opening up new possibilities for various applications such as in construction and packaging and medicine and even in 3D printing. Advancements in NFPC technology are aptly highlighted as these materials can meet diverse needs evolving in several industries to ensure a greener tomorrow.

This study examines the ways that Kiringan, Bantul, Yogyakarta, is creating an integrated home-based Jamu industry in order to diversify its product offerings and enhance product quality. The product and asset of home-based Jamu industry are still traditional and not diversified enough, which could result in a significant reliance on a single source of income and increase the community’s vulnerability to economic volatility. Total number of producers in this study were 25, and we asked about their knowledge and the understanding of Halal and Good Manufacturing practice (GMP) by using likert-scale. The results showed that 86.96% of the households were aware of the significance of the production staff hygiene system in herbal drink producing facilities, however, in the reality, perception of hygiene among producers is often limited to washing with their hands and water. The finding suggest that the adoption of Halal and Good Manufacturing Practices is critical to the long-term viability of Jamu producers in Kiringan Village. Also, modernizing traditional techniques, expanding market distribution, and promoting sustainable cultivation practice may boost the scalability and quality of Jamu products. This all-encompassing approach guarantees not only ensure the sustainable growth of the Jamu industry but also highlights its potential as a valuable community resource.

This research examines the mechanical properties of concrete by combining recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) with carbon nanofibers and natural sisal fibers, in place of natural aggregates. We created a variety of concrete mixtures with RCA content levels of0%,50%, and 100%, as well as varied fiber combinations. Some mixes included additional cementitious elements such as fly ash (FA) or silica fume (SF). Mechanical tests such as compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength were used to assess the performance. Findings shown that mechanical properties were significantly enhanced by using sisal and carbon nanofibers. Combine A9, which omitted RCA but included 1% sisal fiber and 0.2% carbon nanofibers, had the highest compressive strength (81.2 MPa), flexural strength (8.84 MPa), and split tensile strength (6.60 MPa). Using 100% RCA replacement (Mix C9) lowered the strength somewhat, however the mix still performed better than regular concrete. Based on the findings, RCA and sustainable fibers may be used into concrete to provide a greener alternative without compromising durability.

Regular health monitoring is essential for maintaining good health, but long hospital queues and the need for ambulatory monitoring in our fast-paced world underscore the necessity for a simple health monitoring system adaptable to various settings. This system addresses the increasing demand for monitoring primary health parameters, particularly among older individuals, where conventional healthcare infrastructure often falls short. To overcome these challenges, we propose a comprehensive health monitoring system leveraging Internet of Things (IoT) technology. By utilizing IoT, we can wirelessly capture and transmit health data, ensuring interoperability. Our system collects and transmits vital health parameters such as body temperature, blood pressure, pulse, and GPS location using an Arduino Board and Wi-Fi module for data processing and transmission, respectively. This approach allows for real-time data capture, analysis, and storage, with automatic alerts sent to healthcare professionals when critical conditions are detected. Overall, our system offers user-friendly health monitoring, timely intervention, and reduces the burden on overcrowded healthcare facilities.

In this paper, we present a crucial problem the public faces in maintaining dental health, specifically related to pulpitis. Pulpitis is an inflammation of the dental pulp tissue caused by various factors such as bacterial infection, trauma to the tooth, or tooth decay. We responded to this challenge by creating an innovative solution to detect and distinguish pulpitis from healthy teeth. This solution will help dental professionals diagnose and treat pulpitis more effectively. The method we applied in this research is pulpitis detection using audio signals with machine learning algorithms. In this study, we used a CNN1D model with the addition of MFCC as a feature extraction with the hyperparameters Adam optimizer, learning rate 0.001, batch size 32, and test size 0.2. The model evaluation used a confusion matrix to assess the model’s ability to predict based on sound. Implementing machine learning in pulpitis detection through audio signals can help health workers accurately diagnose the condition.

The high population density and demographic dynamics have triggered a boom in the uptake of larger and more fuel-efficient diesel goods vehicles because diesel is cheaper than gasoline. Nevertheless, availability of diesel engines has lead to an increase of pollution especially in the urban area. This research examines whether a cyclonic separator which is an attachment device mounted on the vehicle exhaust system can sufficiently reduce particulate emissions from diesel engines. Thanks, the cyclonic separator is used to gather particles of size from 1μm to 50μm, to control the emission of diesel exhaust pollutants. Although we find that the utilization of the device decreases the pollution emission, our study shows that the installation of the device causes backpressure leading to a marginal reduction in thermal efficiency of between 0.8% to 1.01%. Nevertheless, the cyclonic separator can be considered one of the possible means to solve the problem of reduction of emissions of diesel engines and protect urban environment from pollution.

Using unified shear deformation theory (USDT) and a modified power law, the current study examines bending properties of two-dimensional functionally graded curved porous beam. In order to improve accuracy, this method incorporates equilibrium equations, potential energy, and the idea of a neutral surface. The analysis uses a boundary conditions, namely simply supported . A functionally graded beam composed of metal and ceramic with both even and unequal porosity is modeled. The formulation takes into account the symmetrical material gradation, which guarantees alignment between the geometrical and physical neutral surfaces. A displacement-based formulation and energy concepts are used, which leads to a more thorough and accurate beam analysis. This approach effectively regulates the constant changing of material characteristics in FGMs, takes into consideration higher-order shear deformation effects, and does away with the requirement for shear correction factors. As a result, it improves structural behavior predictions, which makes USDT very useful for advanced material applications. The equilibrium equations for the beams are derived using the Hamilton technique and solved with the Kuhn-Tucker conditions.

This study presents a comprehensive Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis conducted using Fusion 360 software to evaluate the static and thermal characteristics of pistons fabricated from alumina and Aluminum 6061. The research aims to compare and contrast the performance of these two materials under typical engine operating conditions. The static analysis investigates stress distribution, deformation, and overall structural integrity of the pistons when subjected to mechanical forces and pressures experienced during engine operation. Simultaneously, the thermal analysis assesses temperature distribution and thermal stresses, providing insights into the pistons’ ability to withstand high temperatures. Detailed simulations were performed with realistic boundary conditions and material properties, allowing for a direct comparison of the performance of alumina, known for its high hardness and thermal stability, against Aluminum 6061, recognized for its lightweight and good thermal conductivity. The findings reveal distinct differences in stress handling, thermal management, and potential failure points between the two materials. This study offers critical insights into material selection and design optimization for enhancing piston performance and durability in modern engines.

This study delves into the ground-breaking applications of optical fiber grids for material analysis. In it, we look at the correlation between light intensity and temperature, analyze the material composition, and conduct a comprehensive examination into sensor calibration. Optical fiber grids are quite accurate in detecting changes in temperature and refractive index, as shown by the calibration results, which showed an outstanding average accuracy of 98%. The grids were able to distinguish between different materials with an average accuracy of 96%, according to the material composition research. The correct identification of a polymer sample with 45% polyethylene and 55% polypropylene demonstrated this. Also, the grids were able to properly react to changing temperatures since there was a strong linear relationship between light intensity and temperature (92 percent explanatory power). Taken together, the findings highlight optical fiber grids’ versatility and reliability, showing how they might revolutionize material research across several industries.

Quality education is the main focus of the fourth Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which specifies inclusivity in the learning process and improves the quality of students. Therefore, this research used a single subject design with an A-B-A design, engaging five 10th grade students who had low public speaking skills based on observations and guidance counselor reports. Data were collected through direct practice sessions and assessed using a public speaking practice evaluation sheet. The results showed that there was an improvement in the average scores of students’ public speaking practice from the baseline phase before intervention (A) to after intervention (A2). The average practice scores for each students during the baseline phase before intervention (A) were 38.33, 36.66, 34.3, 38.6, and 43.6. After the intervention (A2), the average scores increased to 74, 75, 69, 78.6, and 75.6. Based on these results, the introduction of behavioral counseling with modeling strategies effectively enhanced the public speaking skills of high school students. This method could help school counselors develop programs to enhance the public speaking skills of students.

Utility companies face a serious problem with energy metre manipulation, which can result in lost income, inaccurate invoicing, and safety issues. Maintaining fair billing practices and the integrity of energy distribution systems depend on the prompt detection of tampering incidents. Nevertheless, current detection techniques frequently fall short in terms of effectiveness and fail to promptly notify authorities. In order to overcome this difficulty, our research suggests a novel method for identifying energy metre tampering and sending pertinent data via wireless communication technologies. The principal objective is to create a dependable system that can precisely identify instances of tampering in real-time and send alerts to relevant authorities with ease. Our solution is carefully designed to fill in the research gaps by drawing on a thorough assessment of the literature on wireless communication protocols and tampering detection techniques. Our solution delivers accurate and quick detection of tampering situations by utilising complex wireless communication protocols, modern sensor technology, and sophisticated data processing algorithms. The system architecture combines a wireless communication module with tampering detection sensors to quickly transmit notifications to the relevant authorities. Extensive tests are carried out to verify the functionality of the system, assessing critical parameters including alert reliability, response speed, and detection accuracy. Our experimental results highlight the effectiveness and reliability of the suggested approach in real-time alerting authorities and identifying tampered energy metres. This study makes a substantial contribution to the field of energy metre tampering detection and emphasises the critical role that wireless communication technologies play in preserving the integrity and security of energy distribution networks. In conclusion, our study presents a novel method for identifying energy metre tampering and wirelessly communicating vital information to authorities. Our research establishes a new benchmark in energy metre tampering detection by providing improved accuracy, efficiency, and timeliness, which promotes increased resilience and security in energy distribution networks.

Greywater, a type of domestic wastewater, is a potential solution to global water shortages, which are expected to affect 2.7 billion people by 2025. Greywater is safer to handle and treat than black water, making it suitable for non-potable uses like toilet flushing and landscaping. It also promotes ecologically sustainable development by reducing freshwater extraction, energy use, and chemical pollution. The process of processing greywater involves considering factors like biological oxygen demand, surfactants, oil and grease, and detergent residues. This study was evaluated greywater’s physical and chemical parameters in accordance with Indian standards.

Necessity of a distribution model is to withstand the customer requirements for energies after gaining huge electricity from transmissions and substation networks. Many of the networks are implemented to match with the supplies reliability case.Switching, controlling and protection equipments are introduced to enhance the distribution systems performance. Most of the power quality improvement devices are introduced in power system network to deal with the issues which are takes place at either ends of the power system network. This work mainly focuses on 3ph-2bus model with RL-RC loads and conditioner device. The conditioner device introduced here is to enhance the system response interms of reduced Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) levels, improved real-reactive coefficients with various load models.PQ analysis is done with both the load combinations to obtain the enriched response of a three phase two bus system.

In order to regulate photovoltaic systems (PV), this work suggests, implements, and validates yet another monstrous power point following (MPPT) approach. We look into the evolution and characteristics of a typical incline climbing based MPPT. Furthermore, the ease of use of the C-block in the MATLAB scripting environment makes it necessary to replicate the estimate and PV system using this block. In accordance with the regular slant climbing process, the provided fuzzy reasoning controller (FLC) takes into account the changing step-size incline climbing MPPT method and provides a prompt and cautious mix to the most outrageous powerpoint (MPP) under common and fluctuating barometrical conditions. While considering various settings for the sun- based enlightenment, the entertainment outcomes are provided to support the show and viability of the suggested controller.

This study aims to determine the contribution of green banking to integrated Sharia Maqasid- based performance and to reveal whether social performance with Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) disclosure strengthens the relation between green banking and integrated Sharia Maqasid-based performance. We evaluated the research model using the PLS algorithm and then carried out hypothesis testing. Then, using the purposive sampling method, 130 data were collected from 26 Sharia Banks, 9 Sharia Banks in Indonesia and 16 Sharia Banks in Malaysia, from 2018 to 2022. We find that Green Banking positively affects Integrated Maqasid Al-Shariah Performance Measures, and ISR hurts Integrated Maqasid Al-Shariah Performance Measures. Furthermore, the disclosure of ISR strengthens the effect of Green Banking on performance based on integrated Sharia Maqasid. However, no bank has a high score and fully meets the requirements for green banking, Islamic Social Reporting, and performance based on integrated Maqasid Sharia. Therefore, Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia need to maximize the expansion of green banking, Islamic Social Reporting, and performance based on integrated Sharia Maqasid

Indonesian investors are aware of the significance of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) concept in influencing the enduring success of organizations. This leads to the importance of studying investment decisions that consider ESG factors in investment decisions. This study investigates the dynamic relationship between demographic parameters, considered as control variables, and their potential contribution to the influence of the perception of sustainable investment and risk tolerance on ESG-considered investment decisions. This study employs a quantitative method by conducting a survey to retail investors in Indonesia. The findings indicate that these control variables do not have any influence. Significantly, perceptions of sustainable investment have been proven to influence ESG-considered investment decisions. Conversely, risk tolerance does not affect investment decisions considering environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. This study highlights the significance of customized investment strategies to cater to the varying preference of investors while also underlining the necessity of conducting more research on including ESG disclosures. Overall, it provides valuable insights into the intricate correlation between demographic characteristics and ESG investments in the IDX, emphasizing the pivotal influence of investors' perspectives on creating sustainable practices.

This study presents the analysis of the crystallization impact in four lime-based mortar mixtures in order to determine the extent of decay during salt crystallization, affected by the use of additives and change in microstructure. For this purpose, non-destructive micro-computed tomography was used to monitor salt crystallization in lime mortar cores. This technique allowed tracking of salt precipitation after accelerated weathering steps and further enabled the localization of damage due to salt crystallization in both time and space. Results indicate that the internal 3D microstructure of the lime mortars is greatly influenced by the type and the amount of additive used. Polyacrylic acid (PAA) acted as a superplasticizer and air entrainer in the mixture, resulting in the formation of larger air voids, which led to a decrease in compressive strength. Mobilization of salts within the mortar matrix was observed, causing accumulation and cracking of the mortar wall towards the end of the weathering experiment.

Increased industrial hazardous and biomedical waste poses serious dangers to human health and the environment as a result of economic development, raising standards of living, economic diversification, and the expansion of healthcare facilities. Paper, cardboard, plastic bags, and product rejects are among the hazardous and non-hazardous waste items produced by the plastic packaging sector for cosmetics. The main objective of this study is to manage waste effectively it is crucial to separate hazardous and non-hazardous garbage, recycle non-hazardous waste, and allow third parties to turn waste into goods. It is possible to turn hazardous waste into a valuable product that helps to environment and the economy. The study looks at many ways garbage may be used as a raw material and processed into goods as fuel.

The interaction between the environment and maternal health is critical to public health. It impacts the well-being of pregnant women globally. This paper investigates the connections between multiple environmental factors and their impact on maternal health, emphasizing the challenges and potential interventions. In diverse settings, ecological conditions shape maternal health outcomes. Factors such as air and water quality, sanitation, chemical exposure, nutritional food, and climate change play pivotal roles. The disparities in environmental exposures contribute to varying risks for pregnant women, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The detrimental effects of environmental pollution, inadequate sanitation, a rise in temperature, and limited access to healthcare services are explored concerning maternal health outcomes. Additionally, the abstract highlights the interconnectedness of socio-economic factors, cultural influences, and healthcare-seeking behaviour in shaping the impact of the environment on expectant mothers. Recognizing the complexity of these factors is essential for designing targeted interventions to improve maternal health in low-resource settings. The abstract concludes by advocating for comprehensive strategies encompassing healthcare improvements, environmental stewardship, and community empowerment to mitigate adverse environmental impacts on maternal health. Understanding and addressing these dynamics are crucial steps toward ensuring the well-being of mothers and promoting sustainable maternal healthcare practices.

The escalating urbanization and rapid traffic growth have accentuated the need for smart and efficient parking solutions. This paper explores the implementation of IoT technology to maximize the optimization of multi-storied parking facilities. The system that was proposed aims to enhance space utilization reduce congestion and improve the parking experience. It all begins by studying current challenges related to traditional parking structures including space utilization, limited accessibility, and huge waiting time. The system offers real-time data analysis by integrating IoT devices like sensors, data acquisition and communicating modules. It facilitates dynamic range space allocation for efficient utilization of allocated slots. For effectiveness, a prototype is developed and tested, where the results are described as a significant reduction rate in congestion and space utilization which further enhances user satisfaction. Using a lift and a DC motor for the movement of vehicles from one floor to another, the Installation of IoT technology enables the operators to manage and monitor the facility remotely, contributing to cost-effectiveness and operational efficiency.

The Self-Ironing Machine is an innovative solution designed to revolutionize fabric ironing on a small scale, catering to the increasing demand for portable and user-friendly ironing devices. It integrates intelligent features to enhance versatility, including a compact design housing essential elements such as a heating plate, a heating roller, and a temperature identification sensor, alongside specialized buttons for different fabric types. The project's objective was to develop a portable self-ironing machine that simplifies the ironing process while maintaining effectiveness.The machine utilizes a heating plate for precise heating and a weighted roller for consistent pressure application, ensuring optimal results. A standout feature is the integration of a temperature identification sensor, enabling customized ironing treatments tailored to specific fabric requirements. This streamlines the process and reduces the risk of damage to delicate fabrics. User interaction is intuitive with dedicated buttons catering to various fabric needs.Rigorous testing has demonstrated the machine's outstanding performance across different fabric types, highlighting its accuracy and adaptability. In conclusion, the Portable Self-Ironing Machine represents a significant advancement in fabric ironing technology. Its compact and efficient design, coupled with intelligent features, offers an enhanced user experience. With its ability to deliver precise and tailored ironing treatments, this machine stands as a game-changer in the realm of portable fabric care, addressing the needs of modern lifestyles and paving the way for future innovations in the field.

A record number of photovoltaic (PV) systems have been installed around the globe as a result of the shift towards renewable energy sources, especially solar electricity. But the problem of how to sustainably handle solar panels at the end of their lifecycle will inevitably arise with this increase. Using empirical data to provide light on important trends and consequences, this paper explores sustainable alternatives of recycling solar panel materials within the framework of a circular economy. The majority of solar panels are made of silicon, which accounts for 60% of their composition. Aluminum makes up 10%, glass is 20%, copper is 5%, plastic is 3%, and other materials make up 2%. The need for efficient waste management solutions became acute as yearly garbage output climbed from 1,000 tons to 1,250 tons during a five-year period. As far as recycling efficiency rates go, silicon was at 95%, then copper at 85%, glass at 90%, aluminum at 80%, plastics at 70%, and other materials at 60%. Plastics produced 700 tons, silicon 950 tons, aluminum 800 tons, copper 850 tons, glass 900 tons, and other materials 600 tons, all thanks to recycling efforts that overcame obstacles. Based on these results, it's clear that the solar energy industry needs more efficient use of resources and better recycling procedures. Solar energy may be ensured to remain a clean and sustainable source of energy for the long term by using technical advancements, regulatory assistance, and stakeholder engagement to speed the transition towards a circular economy model for solar panel materials.

The current paper focuses on the process of developing clean energy entrepreneurs to facilitate the abundant adoption of clean energy products in rural areas of South Odisha, India. Southern part of the state of Odisha, is characterized by its rich cultural and ecological diversity significance, and it faces the challenges of energy access which subsequently leads to slowing down the socio-economic development of the region. Background: The present study focuses on developing a framework on the role of clean energy entrepreneurs in adoption of clean energy technology or the clean energy products and also further it also focuses on design and development of a solar operated Agri-pesticide sprayer. Method: A case study method is used to, identify the major barriers to clean energy adoption in the rural regions of South Odisha and also explore the different entrepreneurial steps undertaken to overcome the challenges. Moreover, the paper also focuses on the collaborating efforts between the local entrepreneurs, government agencies, and various non-profit organizations so as to create a supportive ecosystem for achieving sustainable development. Results: The findings of the study aims to inform policy makers, Government, etc. that there is a need to collaborate in order to adopt clean energy products so that it will help in paving a way for achieving sustainable development.

This research investigates the efficacy of integrated Pest management (IPM) techniques in cucumber cultivation, focusing at the utilization of natural control strategies to reduce pest-associated losses and improve crop productivity. No matter the growing emphasis on biological strategies, their adoption remains limited because of several challenges, including market pressures, regulatory hurdles, and pest resistance. But, through promoting awareness, expertise, and collaboration among organic and IPM communities, barriers to adoption may be overcome. The study underscores the importance of monetary useful resource for natural control and advocates for its integration into sustainable crop protection practices. Through a comparative evaluation of IPM and non-IPM farming processes, the studies highlight the fee implications and profitability of implementing biological control measures in cucumber production. Findings reveal that even as IPM farmers incur higher initial expenses, they reap advanced internet returns and benefit-cost ratios in comparison to non-IPM counterparts, demonstrating the monetary viability and sustainability of IPM strategies in cucumber farming.

The elevated water tank comprises important structural elements which includes slabs, beams, columns, and footings, facilitating the transfer of loads amongst these contributors and subsequently to the subgrade of the soil. This paper goals is to comprehensively analyze the structural behaviours exhibited by elevated water tanks underneath various loading conditions. The behaviours of multiplied water tanks variety underneath various styles of loadings, inclusive of dead, live, and seismic loads, that are comprehensively analyzed. This paper primarily aims to conduct a hydrostatic evaluation of circular water tanks and emphasizes the necessity of a parametric study. To obtain this goal, 2, 2.5, and 3 lakh litters of tanks are being considered for the analysis which are all examined underneath area III seismic situations whilst keeping a normal height and varying diameters during the simulation. The examination focuses on carrying out a comparative evaluation of critical structural parameters, such as moment, maximum displacement, and maximum base shear. By means of analysing those parameters across various tank capacities, precious insights into the structural reaction of circular elevated water tanks under seismic loading conditions are gained. Those findings contribute to enhancing the design and overall performance of such structures, enhancing their resilience and protection in earthquake-susceptible regions.

This paper develops a new approach for controlling the frequency in a two-area power system using a fuzzy PI PD controller. Frequency stabilization is one of the important factors for any power system to operate efficiently and reliably. The fluctuating characteristics of RES, like solar PV and wind energy, due to changing atmospheric conditions, require additional reserves to compensate for fluctuations in generated power. With growing application of EVs and their charging requirement, charting huge loads may add to the power grid and lead to stability problems if not properly regulated. This paper coordinates EV charging into the secondary frequency regulation, aided by an enhanced fuzzy controller designed for dealing with fluctuating imbalances between electricity demand and generation. In this context, a control technique is suggested that incorporates the flexibility of fuzzy logic with the accurate PI and PD methods for control. The controller continuously monitors changes in frequency at each node in the power system network. The fuzzy logic works on uncertain input data in terms of prescribed linguistic variables and rules that allow it to achieve a reasoned output. The difference between the desired and actual frequencies alters the control variable through the PI component of the controller, while the PD component considers the rate of change of this error to make the system's response time better. The effectiveness of the fuzzy PI PD controller is proven through detailed simulation experiments under different operational conditions and disturbances. It can be rundown that the controller efficiently reduces these frequency deviations, which guarantees smooth and reliable operation of the two-area power system network. In addition, it can be seen that the controller has robust performance but is rather reactive to dynamical changes in system parameters. Case studies are included in the research to test the performance of the proposed control approach in reducing frequency deviations; simulation findings always prove its efficacy. This paper therefore presents a complex method of frequency regulation in power systems using fuzzy logic and combined PI PD control to deal with problems caused by RES integration and EV charging. The proposed technique enhances the frequency stability in order to enhance both the reliability and efficiency of power grid operations due to the ever-changing energy demands and conditions.

Delivery services have become nearly a cultural expectation with the spread of e-commerce and door delivery services. Nevertheless, carriage can be quite exhaustive and costly, primarily for multiple storey residences and businesses, applying conventional conventional delivery approaches. Delivery robots that can maneuver stairs are safety solutions for these issues. Using new technologies, these robots are designed to sense the environment and use mobile application software to help them climb stairs. They can also do much more than just deliver packages and can accommodate various sizes and weights of the packages involved. It will be essential to remember that stair-climbing delivery robots are the possible game-changers in e-commerce. These robots can be used to help cut on the delivery costs of the businesses, increase on the delivery efficiency and gain more satisfaction to the clients. Robotics has long been implemented in the automotive assiduity, but many other lines have realized the advantages of robotic automatization They can facilitate deliveries and allow customers to get them at a lower beak while having less of an effect on the environment.

Through a meta-heuristic framework, this study examines various wastewater treatment methods in detail and proposes a novel application of genetic algorithms (GAs) in plant optimization. ASM models are adapted to include ion speciation and pairing models, and microplastics (MPs) are challenged, indicating the need for further research. An integrated model accounts for carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, and hydrogen, emphasizing pH’s crucial role in biological treatment processes by examining microbial growth rates and organic compound removal. By applying natural selection and evolutionary processes, GAs are investigated as an optimization tool for plants, improving gene sequence structures and, by extension, treatment processes. The importance of this is particularly evident when dealing with non-standard numerical solutions and algebraic calculations. A robust and adaptable wastewater treatment strategy that accommodates variable weather conditions is provided by the study, which illustrates GAs, their stopping conditions, and the selection process for fitness functions.

This study examines the dynamics between the cultivation of biotech plants and food protection on a global scale from 2012 to 2018 which will ensure sustainability in food. The use of facts from the worldwide food security Index (GFSI) and biotech crop cultivation regions, we analyze modifications in food security metrics alongside developments in biotech crop adoption across various international locations. Our findings reveal intriguing patterns, including extensive increases in biotech crop cultivation in Brazil and the United States, coinciding with terrific enhancements in GFSI scores in nations like Chile, Uruguay, and Argentina. Conversely, a few countries, such as Burkina Faso and Myanmar, exhibited high-quality shifts in GFSI despite stagnant biotech crop cultivation. Furthermore, simultaneous will increase or decreases in each biotech crop cultivation and GFSI rankings were observed in positive international locations, underscoring the complicated interaction between biotech crop adoption and food security effects. Moreover, we discuss the importance of considering food security at each national and household stages, highlighting the need for nuanced analyses of biotech crop contributions to general food security.

The purpose of the research is to determine if adding grapheme oxide (GO) fluids combined with EG (ethylene glycol) or water might boost the transfer of heat in automobile radiators. Radiators are essential parts of car cooling systems; they dissipate extra heat that the engine produces. The capacity of conventional coolants to transport temperature is limited, including Glycol and water. The ability to conduct heat may be improved with the use of nanoparticles fluids, which are basically solutions of particles in a base liquidize. This technique uses ethylene glycol and water to create a nanoparticles fluid by dispersing GO particles. Using experiments, the resilience or thermal features of the nanoparticle fluids are described. Next, utilizing an early version radiators arrangement, many heat transfer tests are carried out. In comparison to traditional coolants, the radiator’s ability to dissipate heat in various functioning circumstances has been assessed while utilizing the GO nanoparticles fluids together. Comparing the radiator’s heat transfer efficiency with plain ethylene glycol (or water, initial results indicate the addition with GO nanoparticles fluids improves it. Increased thermal conductivity in the nanoparticles fluids combination results in more efficient heat dissipation. For the purpose of to ensure the efficient utilization of the nanoparticles fluids on car cooling mechanisms, it is further evaluated for durability during extended exposure to elevated temperatures. The continued attempts to provide cutting-edge cooling systems for automotive applications are aided by this study. The results indicate that the use of GO nanoparticles fluids in conjunction with conventional coolants has a chance to improve car radiator thermal transfer or general efficiency. It is advised to carry out greater refinement and calibration research to fully realize the potential advantages of this unique coolant composition.

Consumption of energy and its demand is increasing constantly. There are various ways to generate energy. Non-renewable energy sources are in high demand, which causes harmful effects on the atmosphere. So environmentally friendly energy sources are very much required. Recently various researchers have been working towards green and environment friendly renewable energy causes. Energy generation from renewable sources, India is within top five position throughout the world. Support towards enhancement of energy generation by renewable sources has been declared by our Honourable Prime minister. The present work deals with a designed model to generate electricity by utilizing energy from footstep movement and vehicle motion. The designed model consists of a gearing mechanism, lever, and thermoplastic polymer track attachment. Thermoplastic tracks are easy to use because of their easier attachment and smooth surface. It is required to attach our designed system in places where maximum mobility of people and vehicle motions is possible. Generally, the places are national highways, temple roads, mall areas, etc. Due to movements on the track, the pressure energy of the foot and vehicle wheels transfers to rotational energy through the gearing attachments of our designed system. This rotational energy is utilized to rotate the armature of the generator to generate electricity and that electricity is stored in the battery for utilization on demand. The lever arm and thermoplastic track are placed with a 10 mm gap so that when load is applied on the track, the thermoplastic will deflect and the load will be transferred to the lever. Due to the provision of a gearing mechanism in our designed system, less input on the track will produce the required rotation of the generator shaft. Natural walking on the track to harvest energy without disturbing the body is very suitable for the stability of this designed system due to the provision of thermoplastic tracks.

Waste management has become an increasingly pressing issue due to urbanization, population growth, and economic development. According to World Bank projections, waste production will reach 3.4 billion tonnes by 2050. The paper is focused on detailed analysis of waste management techniques that has to be improved and resources to be maximized, to be able to deal with various types of waste, including agricultural waste, industrial waste, municipal solid waste (MSW), and electronic waste (e-waste). The advancement in the artificial intelligence in various fields has drawn the attention towards utilizing its benefits in achieving optimized management of different types of wastes also. The paper is focused on description of on-recyclable waste materials which can be transformed into energy by using waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies. The different types of wastes generated in different sectors are being studied with details on their quantity and challenges in handling the wastes. The literature highlights the performance analysis of various methodologies of waste handling in terms of their efficiency, economic impacts and ecological implications. The prediction models and their performance was discussed with respect to the R2 value and mean absolute error (MAE) root mean square error (RMSE) to find the most suitable algorithm. The conclusion suggested that these AI based optimization methods can bring about enhancement in the various waste to energy conversion process making the management of waste materials more sustainable and reliable.

The analysis, design, and creation of high-rise buildings necessitate a comprehensive information of wind-induced vibration, a critical factor that considerably impacts structural integrity. In this context, the existing study undertakes an exploration of the results of wind load on diverse building shapes, aiming to envision the most structurally stable configuration for multi-storey structures. Focusing usually on L-form and H-form buildings, the studies conduct a comparative evaluation to assess how wind load influences those distinct shapes. Each case study represents a structure located in Wind zone IV with Terrain category II, adhering to the specs mentioned in IS 875(part-3): 2015 standards. Emphasizing reinforced concrete (RCC) framed structures, the research delves into the repercussions of wind loads on critical parameters including maximum shear force, bending moment, and storey displacement. The resulting data is meticulously presented through tables and charts, elucidating the overall performance metrics for every case (H-shape and L-form) in terms of storey displacement, shear force, bending moment, and axial force. Eventually, an intensive evaluation is conducted to determine any disparities in structural behaviour and reaction to wind loads a number of the various constructing shapes, providing precious insights into most efficient design concerns for enhancing structural stability and resilience in excessive-rise constructions.

In order to improve the performance of the calcium alginate membrane, we modified it to add the silica and carbon as the potential to absorb NaCl as the desalination materials. The novelty of this study, the natural resources of coral skeletons, beach sand, and the mangrove leaves were utilized as the source of Ca, Si and C for membrane fabrication, respectively. The results indicate the calcium alginate-carbon membrane with its mangrove leaves as the activated carbon proved effective to reduce salt levels. FTIR analysis of this membrane revealed the presence of functional groups like -OH, C=O, and C-O as the evidence to absorb NaCl. The SEM analysis displayed a rugged membrane surface with an average particle diameter of 347.98 nm. This membrane was capable of adsorbing approximately 49.05%/20-minutes and 46.7%/30-minutes of Na+ and Clˉ ions with 0.05 grams of activated carbon, respectively. The calcium alginatesilica analysis also indicated the presence of functional groups (-OH, C=O, C-O, Si-O, and Si-OH) facilitating the NaCl binding process. Additionally, SEM analysis depicted a porous structural morphology with a particle size diameter of approximately 16192.78 nm. This membrane was capable of adsorbing approximately 55.04%/20-minutes and 49.4%/40-minutes of Na+ and Clˉ ions with 0.05 grams of activated carbon, respectively. The comparison between the two membranes revealed significant differences in their NaCl ion absorption capacities. The calcium alginate-silica membrane tended to exhibit slightly higher absorption capacity compared to the calcium alginate-carbon membrane under the specified optimal conditions.

This study investigated isothermally treated FeNiCr structural steel welded joints. The base metal contains various phases which are dominated by a mixture of bainite and martensite. Joining this steel can be challenging since it has high carbon equivalent values and high hardness. Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) with austenitic stainless-steel electrodes is used to avoid cold cracking. After the welding process, the samples were subjected to three various post-weld temperatures: 425°C, 475°C, and 525°C. From the tensile test results, the tensile strength of welded joint shows an increase as the temperatures increase. The highest value is reached for a joint sample which treated at 525°C, with a tensile strength of 680 MPa. Conversely, the highest elongation is obtained by the 425°C post-treated sample, which is 14%. The microstructure in the weld metal (WM) area shows a formation of δ-ferrite, whereas the HAZ and BM areas show the presence of bainite and martensite tempered phases with various plate densities, plate size, and plate shapes depending on its post-treatment temperatures, which then affect the value of the hardness.

The performance of a flexible pavement depends on the resilient modulus (MR) of subgrade soil. Thus, MR is a key design parameter for mechanistic-empirical pavement design of flexible pavements. Generally, the resilient modulus is determined by conducting repeated load triaxial (RLT) tests in the laboratory and has been used to characterize the subgrade soil behavior under repeated traffic loading conditions. The use of cement to stabilize natural subgrade soils is widely accepted by transportation agencies. Several research studies were conducted on the resilient behavior of cementtreated soils. However, limited research studies have been conducted on the resilient behavior of cement-treated silty soil. Therefore, the current research study assessed the resilient moduli properties of cement-treated silt. Cement-stabilized soil specimens were statically compacted and cured in a humid room for a stipulated curing period before conducting RLT tests. RLT tests were conducted on cement-treated specimens at different cement dosages and curing periods to study the effect of the cement dosage and curing time on the resilient modulus. Test results indicated that a significant improvement in performance was observed after cement treatment. The untreated soil specimens exhibited stresssoftening behavior with an increase in deviator stress, whereas the cement-treated specimens exhibited stress-hardening behavior. The resilient modulus was increased with an increase in cement dosage. Regression analyses were conducted on RLT test results using three-parameter universal model and model parameters were determined. It was observed that the three-parameter universal model exhibited an excellent fit with experimental data.

Electricity generation using a combination of renewable energy sources is an effective solution for addressing various challenges. To optimize the system’s performance, it is essential to integrate a multilevel inverter between the DC-link and the load bus. Despite the complexity associated with multilevel inverters due to a high number of switches, this paper introduces a control methodology in closed-loop for a 7-level parallel inverter to enhance power quality. The study focuses on a PMSG coupled wind power conversion unit, as well as a photovoltaic (PV) and battery powered standalone power supply system. The parallel multilevel topology being proposed necessitates only half the amount of switches in comparison to traditional topologies. Additionally, a novel Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) method is employed to generate the necessary pulses for the inverter. The Hardware – in the – Loop (HIL) simulation with OPAL-RT devices is performed to assess the system’s reaction in different operational scenarios.

Earlier, the production of electricity was primarily reliant on non-renewable sources such as coal and diesel. However, these sources have limited availability and will eventually be depleted. Therefore, it is crucial to shift our focus towards renewable sources for electricity generation. Wind energy is considered one of the cleanest and most sustainable forms of renewable energy. The cost and maintenance associated with generating electricity from wind energy are significantly lower compared to other sources. However, the irregular flow of wind energy makes it challenging to directly convert it into electrical form. To address this issue, Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) are required. WECS can be utilized in both gridconnected and stand-alone systems to meet their respective load demands. One of the main concerns with WECS is the mechanical safety and the output power of the system. The inconsistent supply of wind can lead to wear and tear of the turbine blades. To prevent this, a pitch control system is implemented to regulate the blades’ angle. Additionally, the rotational speed of the rotor is affected by improper wind supply, which ultimately impacts the output power. To maximize the power output from the rotor, an MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) control scheme is employed. In this study, a DC load system representing a telecom base station is used as the base system to analyze the control scheme under various wind profiles using MATLAB/SIMULINK.