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This article explores determinants of effective communication for crisis responses across functional sub-systems at diverse public organisation levels. That is done by analysing WHO and IPCC statements on COVID-19 and climate change, and governmental responses, drawing on Denmark as a pilot case. A functional sub-system is constituted by binary codes, embodying the sub-system’s key logic. Sub-systems respond to information triggering their logics. The analysis shows that with an emphasis on effective governance and the delivery of health care, the WHO was effective in generating governmental action on COVID-19. By contrast, the IPCC’s extensive deployment of the true/false logic of science is less effective for activating governmental response. Addressing public governance and relevance of Luhmann’s systems theory, our findings suggest that decision-makers can be prompted into action through deployment of arguments that connect to governments’ logic. This finding holds potential for improving communication between scientific and governance agencies for crisis responses. Este artículo explora los factores determinantes de una comunicación eficaz para responder a las crisis a través de subsistemas funcionales en diversos niveles de organizaciones públicas. Para ello se analizan las declaraciones de la OMS y el IPCC sobre la COVID-19 y el cambio climático, así como las respuestas gubernamentales, tomando Dinamarca como caso piloto. Un subsistema funcional está constituido por códigos binarios, que encarnan la lógica clave del subsistema. Los subsistemas responden a la información que activa su lógica. El análisis muestra que, al hacer hincapié en la gobernanza eficaz y la prestación de asistencia sanitaria, la OMS fue eficaz a la hora de generar medidas gubernamentales en relación con la COVID-19. En cambio, el amplio despliegue de la lógica de la ciencia verdadero/falso por parte del IPCC es menos eficaz para activar la respuesta gubernamental. En lo que respecta a la gobernanza pública y la relevancia de la teoría de sistemas de Luhmann, nuestros resultados insinúan que el despliegue de argumentos que conecten con la lógica de los gobiernos puede inducir a la acción a los responsables de tomar decisiones. Este hallazgo puede mejorar la comunicación entre los organismos científicos y de gobierno en las respuestas a las crisis.

Abstract Background Although the accumulation of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data has accelerated the identification of mutations underlying complex traits, its impact on the accuracy of genomic predictions is limited. Reliable genotyping data and pre-selected beneficial loci can be used to improve prediction accuracy. Previously, we reported a low-coverage sequencing genotyping method that yielded 11.3 million highly accurate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in pigs. Here, we introduce a method termed selective linkage disequilibrium pruning (SLDP), which refines the set of SNPs that show a large gain during prediction of complex traits using whole-genome SNP data. Results We used the SLDP method to identify and select markers among millions of SNPs based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) prior information. We evaluated the performance of SLDP with respect to three real traits and six simulated traits with varying genetic architectures using two representative models (genomic best linear unbiased prediction and BayesR) on samples from 3579 Duroc boars. SLDP was determined by testing 180 combinations of two core parameters (GWAS P-value thresholds and linkage disequilibrium r2). The parameters for each trait were optimized in the training population by five fold cross-validation and then tested in the validation population. Similar to previous GWAS prior-based methods, the performance of SLDP was mainly affected by the genetic architecture of the traits analyzed. Specifically, SLDP performed better for traits controlled by major quantitative trait loci (QTL) or a small number of quantitative trait nucleotides (QTN). Compared with two commercial SNP chips, genotyping-by-sequencing data, and an unselected whole-genome SNP panel, the SLDP strategy led to significant improvements in prediction accuracy, which ranged from 0.84 to 3.22% for real traits controlled by major or moderate QTL and from 1.23 to 11.47% for simulated traits controlled by a small number of QTN. Conclusions The SLDP marker selection method can be incorporated into mainstream prediction models to yield accuracy improvements for traits with a relatively simple genetic architecture, however, it has no significant advantage for traits not controlled by major QTL. The main factors that affect its performance are the genetic architecture of traits and the reliability of GWAS prior information. Our findings can facilitate the application of WGS-based genomic selection.

COVID-19 stay-at-home orders have had far-reaching negative consequences on mental health and quality of life (QOL). This is especially true for vulnerable populations, such as those who are unhoused, as they are more likely than the general population to have been struggling with a mental illness and poor QOL well before the pandemic. This exploratory cross-sectional study explored differences in PTSD symptom severity and overall QOL among a cohort of adults who were seeking housing support services pre-COVID-19 (n = 226 compared to a cohort of adults who were seeking housing support services during COVID-19 (n =205). All data were collected upon enrollment into a permanent supportive housing program. Participants seeking housing support services during COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID-19 were significantly more likely to report higher PTSD symptoms (t=3.14, p=0.001) and poorer QOL (=9.81, p=0.001), however differences were no longer observed at the five percent significance level once several covariates were controlled for in the analysis. Despite the lack of statistical significance at the multivariate level (which is likely a result of challenges with the data and the level of statistical significance selected and not a reflection of true differences between the cohorts), the clinical significance of the findings has implications for planning behavioral health services for unhoused individuals seeking housing support services, especially as we exit the pandemic.

Abstract Background Effective conservation and utilization of farm animals are fundamental for realizing sustainable increases in food production. In situ and ex situ conservation are the two main strategies that are currently used to protect the genetic integrity of Chinese domestic chicken breeds. However, genomic diversity and population structure have not been compared in these conserved populations. Results Three hundred and sixty-one individuals from three Chinese domestic chicken breeds were collected from populations conserved in situ and ex situ and genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). First, we used different parameters based on heterozygosity, genomic inbreeding, and linkage disequilibrium to estimate the genomic diversity of these populations, and applied principal component analysis (PCA), neighbor-joining tree, and ADMIXTURE to analyze population structure. We found that the small ex situ conserved populations, which have been maintained in controlled environments, retained less genetic diversity than the in situ conserved populations. In addition, genetic differentiation was detected between the in situ and ex situ conserved populations of the same breed. Next, we analyzed signatures of selection using three statistical methods (fixation index (FST), nucleotide diversity (Pi), and cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) to study the genetic footprints that underlie the differentiation between in situ and ex situ conserved populations. We concluded that, in these small populations, differentiation might be caused by genetic drift or by mutations from the original populations. The differentiation observed in the population of Beijing You chicken probably reflects adaptation to environmental changes in temperature and humidity that the animals faced when they were moved from their place of origin to the new site for ex situ conservation. Conclusions Conservation programs of three Chinese domestic chicken breeds have maintained their genomic diversity to a sustainable degree. The small ex situ conserved populations, which are maintained in controlled environments, retain less genetic diversity than populations conserved in situ. In addition, the transfer of populations from their place of origin to another site for conservation purposes results in genetic differentiation, which may be caused by genetic drift or adaptation. This study provides a basis for further optimization of in situ and ex situ conservation programs for domestic chicken breeds in China.

Los poemas antiguos chinos contienen muchas categorías de palabras que implican connotaciones culturales, y la traducción errónea de éstas puede llevar a una mala comprensión del vocabulario o incluso de todo el poema por parte de los lectores de la lengua meta. Por eso, analizaremos la categorización, el significado y las técnicas de traducción de estas palabras, tomando como ejemplo Chang Gan Xing (Balada de Chang Gan), junto con las versiones de Anne-Hélène Suárez y Chen Guojian. Sólo combinando distintas técnicas podrán los lectores experimentar y apreciar los rasgos culturales de la lengua origen y facilitar la comunicación transcultural.

The Soil serves as the foundational pillar that sustains life on our planet, providing vital resources such as food and raw materials. However, the pursuit of technological advancements aimed at ex- tracting more from natural reserves, coupled with the necessity of supporting growing populations, has compromised the intricate natural systems that maintain life on Earth. Over the past decades, erosion and pollution have led to the degradation of one-third of the world’s arable land. Regret- tably, modern agricultural practices, characterised by extensive tilling and the heavy use of chemical fertilisers, have resulted in the erosion of topsoil, leaving it vulnerable and diminishing both food security and the soil’s capacity for carbon sequestration (Maximillian et al., 2019). In 2014, the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) reported that the world’s remaining topsoil has been rapidly deteriorating and is expected to be completely degraded in the next 60 years. Without intervention, this leaves a mere six decades of viable harvests remaining.

Let $\ell _m$ be a sequence of $m$ points on a line with consecutive points at distance one. Answering a question raised by Fox and the first author and independently by Arman and Tsaturian, we show that there is a natural number $m$ and a red/blue-colouring of $\mathbb{E}^n$ for every $n$ that contains no red copy of $\ell _3$ and no blue copy of $\ell _m$.

IntroductionSex differences exist in children’s obesity rates, dietary patterns and television viewing. Television continues to be a source of unhealthy food advertising exposure to children in Canada. Our objective was to examine sex differences in food advertising exposure in children aged 2 to 17 years across four Canadian Englishlanguage markets. MethodsWe licensed 24-hour television advertising data from the company Numerator for January through December 2019, in four cities (Vancouver, Calgary, Montréal and Toronto) across Canada. Child food advertising exposure overall, by food category, television station, Health Canada’s proposed nutrient profiling model, and marketing techniques were examined on the 10 most popular television stations among children and compared by sex. Advertising exposure was estimated using gross rating points, and sex differences were described using relative and absolute differences. ResultsBoth male and female children were exposed to an elevated level of unhealthy food advertising and a plethora of marketing techniques across all four cities. Differences between sexes were evident between and within cities. Compared to females, males in Vancouver and Montréal viewed respectively 24.7% and 24.0% more unhealthy food ads/person/year and were exposed to 90.2 and 133.4 more calls to action, 93.3 and 97.8 more health appeals, and 88.4 and 81.0 more products that appeal to children. ConclusionTelevision is a significant source of children’s exposure to food advertising, with clear sex differences. Policy makers need to consider sex when developing food advertising restrictions and monitoring efforts.

IntroductionIl existe des différences liées au sexe dans les taux d’obésité, les régimes alimentaires et les temps d’écoute de télévision des enfants. Les enfants continuent à être exposés aux publicités d’aliments malsains à la télévision au Canada. Notre objectif était d’étudier les différences entre les sexes dans l’exposition à la publicité alimentaire chez les enfants et les jeunes de 2 à 17 ans dans quatre marchés anglophones canadiens. MéthodologieNous avons obtenu des données sur la publicité télé diffusée sur 24 heures auprès de la société Numerator pour janvier à décembre 2019, dans quatrevilles canadiennes (Vancouver, Calgary, Montréal et Toronto). L’exposition à la publicité alimentaire destinée aux enfants a été analysée dans les 10 stations de télévision les plus populaires chez les enfants puis a été comparée selon le sexe, globalement et en fonction de la catégorie d’aliments, de la station de télévision, du modèle de profilage des nutriments proposé par Santé Canada et des techniques de marketing. L’exposition a été estimée à l’aide de points d’exposition bruts et les différences entre les sexes ont été décrites en valeurs relatives et en valeurs absolues. RésultatsLes garçons et les filles ont été exposés à un niveau élevé de publicité sur les aliments malsains et à une multitude de techniques de marketing dans les quatre villes. Des différences entre les sexes ont été relevées entre les villes et au sein de celles-ci. Par rapport aux filles, les garçons à Vancouver et à Montréal ont visionné respectivement 24,7 % et 24,0 % plus de publicités sur des aliments malsains par personne sur un an etont été exposés à 90,2 et 133,4 appels à l’action supplémentaires, à 93,3 et 97,8 évocations supplémentaires d’un avantage lié à la santé et à 88,4 et 81,0 produits supplémentaires attrayants pour les enfants. ConclusionLa télévision est une source importante d’exposition des enfants à la publicité alimentaire, avec des différences claires entre les sexes. Les décideurs doivent tenir compte du sexe lorsqu’ils mettent en place des restrictions et des activités de surveillance en lien avec la publicité alimentaire.

Purpose. To identify: (1) alternate professions being considered by nurses, and (2) potential policy levers to retain them. Methods. This study describes responses to a subset of questions on a survey of nearly 15,000 nurses in British Columbia. Participants expressing intent to leave were asked what other professional options they were considering, and what changes they would need to keep them in nursing. We used thematic analysis to identify themes and sub-themes of participant responses. Results. Fewer than one in five nurses expressed intent to stay in the profession for more than two years. Participants cited a wide variety of other professional options available to them; the most commonly cited category was ‘anything but nursing’. When asked what they needed to stay in nursing, participants described improvements in compensation, safe staffing, work/life balance, workplace culture, physical and psychological safety, and opportunities for advancement.

IntroductionLa pandémie de COVID-19 a eu des effets importants sur la santé mentale des adolescents. Toutefois, on en sait peu sur la recherche de soutien, les besoins non comblés et les préférences des adolescents en matière de soins de santé mentale. MéthodologieL’instrument YDI (Youth Development Instrument, ou Instrument de mesure du développement des jeunes) est une enquête menée auprès d’adolescents (N = 1 928; âge moyen = 17,1; écart-type [ET] = 0,3) dans des écoles de la Colombie-Britannique (Canada). Nous avons évalué, dans la cohorte de l’enquête, les caractéristiques des ressources de soutien en santé mentale consultées, la prévalence des besoins non comblés et la préférence pour les services offerts en personne ou les services offerts sur Internet. RésultatsDans l’ensemble, 40 % des adolescents ont déclaré avoir consulté une ressource de soutien en santé mentale et 41 % ont vu leurs besoins non comblés. Les ressources de soutien le plus souvent consultées ont été les médecins de famille ou les pédiatres (23,1 %) et les adultes à l’école (20,6 %). Le mode de prestation de soins de santé mentale préféré par les adolescents était le counseling en personne (72,4 %), suivi par les services offerts par clavardage (15,0 %), par téléphone (8,1 %) et par appel vidéo (4,4 %). La prévalence ajustée de l’accès à du soutien était élevée chez les adolescents souffrant d’anxiété (ratio de prévalence ajusté [RPa] = 1,29; intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 % : 1,10 à 1,51), les adolescents consommant de l’alcool (RPa = 1,14; IC à 95 % : 1,01 à 1,29), les minorités de genre (RPa = 1,28; IC à 95 % : 1,03 à 1,58) et les minorités sexuelles (RPa = 1,28; IC à 95 % : 1,03 à 1,45). La prévalence ajustée des besoins non comblés était élevée chez les adolescents souffrant de dépression (1,90; IC à 95 % : 1,67 à 2,18), les adolescents souffrant d’anxiété (RPa = 1,78; 1,56 à 2,03), les adolescentes (RPa = 1,43; IC à 95 % : 1,31 à 1,58), les minorités de genre (1,45; IC à 95 % : 1,23 à 1,70) et les minorités sexuelles (RPa = 1,15; IC à 95 % : 1,07 à 1,23). ConclusionLes adolescents faisant partie d’une minorité de genre ou d’une minorité sexuelle et les adolescents souffrant d’anxiété ont été plus susceptibles que les autres d’avoir parlé de leurs préoccupations en lien avec leur santé mentale et également d’avoir fait état de besoins non comblés. Les sources de soutien les plus courantes ont été les fournisseurs de soins de santé primaires et les adultes à l’école, tandis que le mode de soutien préféré a été les services en personne et le moins aimé, les services par appel vidéo.

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has had widespread effects on adolescent mental health. However, little is known about support-seeking, unmet need and preferences for mental health care among adolescents. MethodsThe Youth Development Instrument (YDI) is a school-administered survey of adolescents (N = 1928, mean age = 17.1, SD = 0.3) across British Columbia, Canada. In this cohort, we assessed the characteristics of accessed mental health supports, prevalence of unmet need and preferences for in-person versus internet-based services. ResultsOverall, 40% of adolescents obtained support for mental health, while 41% experienced unmet need. The most commonly accessed supports were family doctors or pediatricians (23.1%) and adults at school (20.6%). The most preferred mode of mental health care was in-person counselling (72.4%), followed by chat-based services (15.0%), phone call (8.1%) and video call (4.4%). The adjusted prevalence of accessing support was elevated among adolescents with anxiety (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.10–1.51), those who used alcohol (1.14, 1.01–1.29), gender minorities (1.28, 1.03–1.58) and sexual minorities (1.28, 1.03–1.45). The adjusted prevalence of unmet need was elevated among adolescents with depression (1.90, 1.67–2.18), those with anxiety (1.78, 1.56–2.03), females (1.43, 1.31–1.58), gender minorities (1.45, 1.23–1.70) and sexual minorities (1.15, 1.07–1.23). ConclusionAdolescents of gender or sexual minority status and those with anxiety were more likely than others to have discussed mental health concerns and also to have reported unmet need. The most common sources of support were primary health care providers and adults at school, while the most and least preferred modes of support were in-person and video call services, respectively.

In this paper, CFD numerical simulation and experiment were used to simulate the diffusion process of human exhaled aerosol particles, and the influence of human lying down, sitting and standing posture on the diffusion of aerosol particles under local exhaust air conditions was studied. The results show that different body positions have significant effects on local exhaust air effect. Only 13.2% of the aerosol particles could be removed by local exhaust air in the lying state. The exclusion rate in sitting posture was 25.4%; The exclusion rate for standing posture was 20.6%. Local exhaust air alone is not enough to prevent infection. It is recommended to adopt the combination of mixed ventilation and local exhaust air, which may have a better effect on preventing cross infection, indoor particulate matter transmission and controlling pollution.

Hydrogen internal combustion engines (H2-ICEs) have advantages such as clean combustion and zero carbon emissions, and have become one of the important technical routes for decarbonization in the internal combustion engine industry. In this paper, several key factors affecting the performance and emissions of hydrogen internal combustion engines, such as ignition timing, excess air coefficient, and hydrogen injection timing, were systematically studied on a spark ignition multi-point injection (MPI) hydrogen internal combustion engine bench. The experimental results indicate that the ignition timing controls the combustion phase of hydrogen. Moderate early ignition can improve the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) while having little impact on the NOX emissions. Excess air coefficient(λ) can significantly affect the performance and emissions of H2-ICE. Along with the increase of the λ, the NOX emissions first increases and then continues to decline. When the λ reaching 2.1 or above, near zero emissions of NOX can be achieved. The advance of hydrogen injection timing will slightly increase the peak of cylinder pressure and instantaneous heat release rate. However, overall, the impact of hydrogen injection timing on BTE and NOX emissions is not significant on MPI H2-ICE.

The emission characteristics of regulated emissions and unregulated emissions were studied under the full loads and the cold/hot transient cycle (WHTC) on a six-cylinder, multi-point injection, and spark ignition methanol engine. The results show that the emissions of THC and CO for the methanol engine is at a high level without three-way catalyst (TWC) and the emission of NOX could be controlled at a lower level than 400 mg/kW·h with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The emissions of THC, CO and NOX are low with TWC, whose weighted results under WHTC could be kept at a lower level than the limits in China VI Standard. It is a technical difficulty to control the emissions of methanol (CH3OH) and formaldehyde (HCHO) for methanol engines, especially under the cold WHTC, there has a high risk for the emission of CH3OH exceeding the limit of standard.

In a prefabricated composite pipe gallery with socket joints, the repeated loading and unloading effect of shield construction on the overlying soil and the existing pipe gallery may cause considerable deformations to the pipe gallery at the joint while ensuring its own bearing capacity. The shield tunnelling underneath the existing pipe gallery project of the Fuzhou Metro was used as a basis to model the socket pipe gallery on ABAQUS finite element software. The influence of changes in the pipe-tunnel spacing on the deformation and displacement of the pipe gallery and stratum were investigated. It was found that when the shield passes through the pipe gallery with 0.25 times the tunnel diameter, in addition to the settlement area of the disturbance centre, uplift areas are created on both sides of the pipe gallery and the surface. Meanwhile, because of the socket structure of the pipe gallery, the vertical displacement of the pipe gallery is not synchronized with the settlement of the lower soil. Furthermore, with the increase in the pipe-tunnel spacing, the settlement trough of the vertical displacement curve of the pipe gallery and the stratum are gradually broadened, and the peak settlement gradually increases.

Digital educational resources serve as vital vehicles for the realization of educational digitization. The application of digital educational resources holds significant practical significance as it can enhance the quality and efficiency of education, improve teaching standards, and foster students’ proactive learning in the context of creating efficient classrooms. This paper employs a questionnaire survey approach to gain insights from the perspective of university students into the application of digital educational resources in university classroom teaching. Specifically, it delves into the current state of digital educational resource utilization, students’ usage preferences, diverse learning requirements, efficacy, satisfaction, and an analysis of issues encountered during their application. The aim is to offer fresh insights and decision-making references to boost the effective utilization of digital educational resources, promote student-driven learning, optimize the teaching process, and enhance teaching quality.

In order to effectively control the microstructure of steel strip during manufacture it is vital that techniques be developed to monitor microstructural changes in the steel at high temperatures. Electromagnetic non-destructive testing is increasingly being used in these applications as it is non-contact, robust, relatively inexpensive and has the potential to provide real-time feedback to control the manufacturing process. However, if the data produced by these systems is to be fully exploited it is necessary to accurately measure the magnetic properties of steel grades of interest at temperatures up to the Curie point. This work details measurements carried out to assess the magnetic properties of selected steels grades, supplied by Tata Steel, up to the Curie temperature using a novel test rig based on a modified Epstein frame designed by the University of Manchester with high temperature trials at the University of Warwick. Several steel grades are studied with the full magnetic hysteresis (BH) loops reported during heating and cooling, along with extracted magnetic parameters including coercivity, magnetic saturation and magnetic permeability. The magnetic parameters of the selected steel grades are compared and implications of the results on electromagnetic monitoring of steel strip during manufacture considered. Results show the developed system has the potential to provide valuable data to inform online electromagnetic monitoring systems.

AISI 4340 steels are used in applications where high strength and toughness are required, for example, in power transmission gears and shafts, aircraft landing gear and other structural components. The required mechanical properties are achieved by hot rolling and quenching and tempering (Q&T) heat treatment. For optimum process efficiency and quality control, it is desirable to monitor the microstructural development during tempering in situ, as the microstructure is directly linked to the mechanical properties. Electromagnetic (EM) sensors have been shown to be sensitive to steel microstructural changes due to the associated changes in magnetic and electrical properties. This study reports on using a high-temperature laboratory EM sensor that operates inside a furnace to assess microstructural changes that occur during tempering at 250°C for AISI4340 steel samples. The sensor operates at low magnetic field and low frequency where the signal is affected by changes in magnetic permeability due to microstructural changes. The microstructure and hardness have been characterised to correlate to the measured EM sensor signal. The results have shown that the EM sensor signal is affected by temperature and microstructural changes on the slow heating to the tempering temperature and then is sensitive to the continuing microstructure changes that occur during the isothermal hold. The results show the potential for in-situ EM sensor monitoring during heat treatment.

Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are considered one of the most promising and efficient hydrogen conversion technologies due to their ability to use cost-effective materials. However, AEMFCs are still in the early stage of development and the lack of suitable anion exchange membranes (AEMs) is one major obstacle. In this review, we highlight three major challenges in AEMs development and discuss recent scientific advancements that address these challenges. We identify current trends and provide a perspective on future development of AEMs.

This paper concerns the energy conservation for the weak solutions to the Navier–Stokes–Maxwell system. Although the Maxwell equation with hyperbolic nature, we still establish a $L^qL^p$ type condition guarantee validity of the energy equality for the weak solutions. We mention that there no regularity assumption on the electric field $E$.

Let $\Omega $ be homogeneous of degree zero with mean value zero, $P$ and $Q$ real polynomials on $\mathbb{R}^n$ with $Q(0)=0$ and $\Omega \in B_q^{0,0}(S^{n-1})$ for some $q>1.$ This note extends and improves a classical result of Stein and Wainger (Ann. Math. Stud. 112, pp. 307-355, (1986)) to the following general form \[ \left|\text{p.~v.}\int _{\mathbb{R}^n}e^{i(P(x)+1/Q(x))}\frac{\Omega (x/|x|)}{|x|^n}dx\right|\le B, \] where $B$ depend only on $\Vert \Omega \Vert _{B_q^{0,0}(S^{n-1})}$, $n$ and the degrees of $P$ and $Q$, but not on their coefficients.

Advancements in cancer have increased survival rates leading to a paradigm shift such that cancer is considered a chronic disease, necessitating an evaluation of our understanding of cancer survivorship (CS). For this purpose, a comprehensive literature search was performed, using CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PUBMED from 2000–2021. Drawing from the concepts in the literature, salient factors that affect CS across cancer populations were identified and a proposed model was developed. This paper describes the Cancer Survivorship Model (CSM). The CSM represents predisposing factors for survivors and survivorship’s acute, extended, and long-term phases, influencing factors: treatment and maintenance (medical/psychosocial care), well-being, influencing aspects (life-changing experience, uncertainty, prioritizing life, wellness management, and collateral damage), and social relationship factors that impact survivors’ symptom burdens and overall survivorship experience (health outcomes and quality of life). A case study demonstrates the CSM utility. Future application of the model holds promise for improving the quality of survivorship and informing research and clinical practice to promote and optimize survivors’ outcomes throughout the evolving survivorship.

Les progrès réalisés dans la lutte contre le cancer ont augmenté les taux de survie, entraînant un tel changement de paradigme que le cancer est maintenant considéré comme une maladie chronique; il nous faut donc évaluer notre connaissance de la survie au cancer (SC). C’est dans cette optique que les auteurs ont procédé à une recension exhaustive des écrits dans les référentiels CINAHL, MEDLINE et PUBMED de 2000 et 2021. En s’appuyant sur les concepts étudiés dans la littérature, ils ont répertorié les principaux facteurs qui influencent la survie au cancer dans l’ensemble des populations atteintes et ont proposé un modèle. Le présent article décrit ce modèle de survie au cancer (MSC). Le MSC prend en compte les facteurs prédisposant à la survie ainsi que les facteurs d’influence en jeu dans les trois phases de survie (aiguë, prolongée et permanente), à savoir le traitement et le traitement d’entretien (soins médicaux et psychosociaux), le bien-être, et d’autres éléments d’influence (expériences entraînant de profonds changements, incertitude, établissement de priorités, gestion du bien-être et conséquences indirectes) de même que les facteurs liés aux relations sociales qui jouent sur le fardeau des symptômes des survivants ainsi que l’expérience globale de la survie (état de santé et qualité de vie). Une étude de cas a d’ailleurs montré l’utilité du MSC. L’application du modèle est prometteuse pour l’avenir, tant pour améliorer la qualité de la survivance que pour guider la recherche et la pratique clinique en vue de favoriser et d’optimiser la bonne santé des survivants à long terme.

Abstract Background In poultry, the population structure of local breeds is usually complex mainly due to unrecorded breeding. Local chicken breeds offer an interesting proxy to understand the complexity of population structure in the context of human-mediated development of diverse morphologies and varieties. We studied 37 traditional Dutch chicken breeds to investigate population structure and the corresponding genomic impact using whole-genome sequence data. Results Looking at the genetic differences between breeds, the Dutch chicken breeds demonstrated a complex and admixed subdivided structure. The dissection of this complexity highlighted the influence of selection adhering to management purposes, as well as the role of geographic distance within subdivided breed clusters. Identification of signatures of genetic differentiation revealed genomic regions that are associated with diversifying phenotypic selection between breeds, including dwarf size (bantam) and feather color. In addition, with a case study of a recently developed bantam breed developed by crossbreeding, we provide a genomic perspective on the effect of crossbreeding. Conclusions This study demonstrates the complex population structure of local traditional Dutch chicken, and provides insight into the genomic basis and the factors involved in the formation of this complexity.

Greenhouses used for agricultural production have been expanding around the world because it significantly increases crop yield. Meanwhile, it brings a series of environmental problems that should be considered in agricultural planning and management. The advent of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform makes remote sensing image processing more convenient and efficient. It has been widely applied in multiple disciplines, but few studies have investigated the detection of greenhouses. In this research, four different classification methods were applied for comparing their performance in monitoring greenhouses in the Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi, China using GEE: the Minimum Distance Classifier (MDC), the Support Vector Machine with three kernel functions (linear, SVM-L, polynomial, SVM-P, and radial basis function variations, SVM-R), the Classification and Regression Trees (CART), and the Random Forest (RF). Our results illustrate that these classification techniques’ overall accuracy is >84%. The most accurate classification results were obtained by the SVM-R classifier, with an overall accuracy of 94%, followed by the RF and CART classifier, while the MDC performed worst among these four classifiers. These results would be useful for greenhouse extraction in long time series and large-scale areas, which provides solid information for decision-makers and practitioners for agriculture planning and management.

An understanding of the multifractal and long-range dependence of impervious surfaces (IS) spatiotemporal patterns is helpful for regional environmental assessment and urban planning. Linear spectral-mixture analysis has been applied to compute IS in the coastal city of Xiamen, China, based on Landsat TM/OLI/TIRS images, and then the long-term trends and multifractal characteristics of IS patterns have been investigated using two-dimensional multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis. The IS spatial distribution displayed similar positive long-range correlations in study areas during the 1994–2015 period. IS have a long-memory characteristic within a certain spatial range, with an increase in the value of a pixel likely to cause an increment in the value of its neighbors. The multifractality of the IS distribution increased in Xiamen City during 1994–2015, but was lower than those in Xiamen Island. The multifractal spectra in Xiamen City vary in shape between years, capturing its evolution from right truncation with a long left tail to left truncations and long right tails and then a symmetrical shape. The fractal structure for Xiamen Island exhibits similar patterns of long right tails and left truncations. Economic and political considerations coupled with natural geographic conditions dominate the long-range trends in the IS spatial patterns.

IntroductionThis study explores the relationship between emotional support, perceived risk and mental health outcomes among health care workers, who faced high rates of burnout and mental distress since the beginning of the COVID­19 pandemic. MethodsA cross­sectional, multicentred online survey of health care workers in the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada, during the first wave of the COVID­19 pandemic evaluated coping strategies, confidence in infection control, impact of previous work during the 2003 SARS outbreak and emotional support. Mental health outcomes were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, the Impact of Event Scale – Revised and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ­9). ResultsOf 3852 participants, 8.2% sought professional mental health services while 77.3% received emotional support from family, 74.0% from friends and 70.3% from colleagues. Those who felt unsupported in their work had higher odds ratios of experiencing moderate and severe symptoms of anxiety (odds ratio [OR] = 2.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.84–2.69), PTSD (OR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.58–2.25) and depression (OR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.57–2.25). Nearly 40% were afraid of telling family about the risks they were exposed to at work. Those who were able to share this information demonstrated lower risk of anxiety (OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.48–0.69), PTSD (OR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.41–0.56) and depression (OR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.47–0.65). ConclusionInformal sources of support, including family, friends and colleagues, play an important role in mitigating distress and should be encouraged and utilized more by health care workers.

IntroductionCette étude explore la relation entre le soutien émotionnel, le risque perçu et les résultats en matière de santé mentale chez les travailleurs de la santé, qui font face à des taux élevés d’épuisement professionnel et de détresse mentale depuis le début de la pandémie de COVID-19. MéthodologieUne enquête transversale a été menée en ligne au cours de la première vague de la pandémie de COVID-19 auprès de travailleurs de la santé de divers centres de la région du Grand Toronto (Ontario, Canada) pour évaluer les stratégies d’adaptation, la confiance dans les mesures de lutte contre les infections, l’impact du travail antérieur lors de l’épidémie de SRAS survenue en 2003 et le soutien émotionnel. Les résultats en matière de santé mentale ont été évalués au moyen de l’échelle du trouble d’anxiété généralisée (GAD-7), de l’échelle d’impact des événements – révisée (IES-R) et du questionnaire sur la santé des patients (PHQ-9). RésultatsSur les 3 852 participants, 8,2 % ont eu recours à des services professionnels en santé mentale, 77,3 % ont reçu du soutien émotionnel de la part de membres de leur famille, 74,0 % de la part d’amis et 70,3 % de la part de collègues. Les personnes qui ne se sont pas senties soutenues dans leur travail présentaient des probabilités plus élevées d’éprouver des symptômes d’anxiété modérés et sévères (rapport de cotes [RC] = 2,23; intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 % : 1,84 à 2,69), de trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT) (RC = 1,88; IC à 95 % : 1,58 à 2,25) et de dépression (RC = 1,88; IC à 95 % :1,57 à 2,25). Près de 40 % avaient peur de parler à leur famille des risques auxquels ils étaient exposés au travail. Ceux qui ont pu partager cette information faisaient état d’un risque plus faible d’anxiété (RC = 0,58; IC à 95 % : 0,48 à 0,69), de TSPT (RC = 0,48; IC à 95 % : 0,41 à 0,56) et de dépression (RC = 0,55; IC à 95 % : 0,47 à 0,65). ConclusionLes sources informelles de soutien, en particulier la famille, les amis et les collègues, jouent un rôle important dans l’atténuation de la détresse et devraient être encouragées et utilisées davantage par les travailleurs de la santé.

IntroductionLe marketing des boissons et des aliments malsains dans différents médias et différents contextes contribue à la mauvaise alimentation des enfants. En 2019, le gouvernement du Canada a recommandé l’introduction de nouvelles restrictions sur le marketing alimentaire auprès des enfants. Cet examen de la portée vise à fournir une évaluation à jour de la fréquence du marketing alimentaire auprès des enfants et des jeunes au Canada, ainsi que de l’exposition des enfants à ce type de marketing dans différents médias et différents contextes afin de cerner les lacunes dans la recherche. MéthodologiePour cet examen de la portée, nous avons utilisé plusieurs stratégies de recherche pour recenser les travaux pertinents issus de la littérature grise et de la littérature évaluée par les pairs publiés entre octobre 2016 et novembre 2021. Deux examinateurs ont passé en revue l’ensemble des résultats. RésultatsAu total, 32 articles pertinents ont été recensés : 28 publications évaluées par les pairs et 4 articles provenant de la littérature grise. La majorité des études (n = 26) portaient sur la fréquence du marketing alimentaire et 6 études s’intéressaient à l’exposition réelle au marketing alimentaire. La plupart des travaux étaient axés sur les enfants de l’Ontario et du Québec ainsi que sur la télévision et les médias numériques. Peu de recherches ont été menées sur le marketing alimentaire auprès des enfants en fonction de l’âge, de la situation géographique, du sexe/genre, du groupe ethnique ou du statut socioéconomique. ConclusionSelon les résultats de notre synthèse, le marketing des aliments malsains auprès des enfants et des adolescents est très répandu et les politiques d’autoréglementation actuelles sont insuffisantes pour réduire la présence de ce type de marketing. Des recherches évaluant la fréquence du marketing alimentaire et l’exposition des enfants d’âge préscolaire, des enfants et des adolescents à ce type de marketing doivent être menées dans différents médias et différents contextes pour orienter les futures politiques gouvernementales.

IntroductionUnhealthy food and beverage marketing in various media and settings contributes to children’s poor dietary intake. In 2019, the Canadian federal government recommended the introduction of new restrictions on food marketing to children. This scoping review aimed to provide an up-to-date assessment of the frequency of food marketing to children and youth in Canada as well as children’s exposure to this marketing in various media and settings in order to determine where gaps exist in the research. MethodsFor this scoping review, detailed search strategies were used to identify relevant peer-reviewed and grey literature published between October 2016 and November 2021. Two reviewers screened all results. ResultsA total of 32 relevant and unique articles were identified; 28 were peer reviewed and 4 were from the grey literature. The majority of the studies (n = 26) examined the frequency of food marketing while 6 examined actual exposure to food marketing. Most research focussed on children from Ontario and Quebec and television and digital media. There was little research exploring food marketing to children by age, geographical location, sex/gender, race/ethnicity and/or socioeconomic status. ConclusionOur synthesis suggests that unhealthy food marketing to children and adolescents is extensive and that current self-regulatory policies are insufficient at reducing the presence of such marketing. Research assessing the frequency of food marketing and preschooler, child and adolescent exposure to this marketing is needed across a variety of media and settings to inform future government policies.

We define a new notion of affine subspace concentration conditions for lattice polytopes, and prove that they hold for smooth and reflexive polytopes with barycenter at the origin. Our proof involves considering the slope stability of the canonical extension of the tangent bundle by the trivial line bundle and with the extension class $c_1(\mathcal{T}_X)$ on Fano toric varieties.

As International Atomic Energy Agency has stated in its Handbook on Nuclear Law, "Even in situations for which the highest standard of safety has been achieved, the occurrence of nuclear accidents cannot be completely excluded." Therefore, the international legal framework for nuclear damage compensation liability has been evolving since the establishment of Nuclear Energy Agency of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD NEA) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Over the years, various international treaties have been enacted to address the compensation of nuclear damage and to establish liability regimes for nuclear incidents. To date, these treaties have established a series of legal principles of nuclear damage liability, such as the sole liability principle, the strict liability principle, the financial guarantee principle etc., which have been developing since establishment. This paper offers an overview of the historical development of the principles of these international treaties for nuclear damage liability and thus draws upon both primary and secondary sources, including treaties, official documents, academic literature, and reports by international organizations. The paper reveals that with the awareness of protecting public's rights having been significantly strengthened, the range of compensation has been broader, the matters of immunity from liability for operators of nuclear power plants have been reduced, the limitation of the compensation amount has been higher etc. In conclusion, the international legal regime for nuclear damage liability has been showing a shift from protecting the development of the nuclear industry to a joint protection of both public health and rights and the nuclear industry.

In this study, three reactors were established with anaerobic plug-flow times of 1.5 hours, 1 hour, and 0.5 hours. The results indicated that the anaerobic plug-flow time of 1 hour constructed favorable "feast- famine" period ratio, promoting the enrichment of microorganisms that stored and utilized the internal carbon source, such as Phosphate and Glycogen Accumulating Organisms (PAO and GAO). This resulted in the formation of granular sludge with both short granulation time and structural stability. In contrast, shortening the anaerobic feed time to 0.5 hours was detrimental to the growth of GAO, leading to slow granularization of aerobic sludge. The anaerobic influent time of 1.5 h leads to the shortening of starvation period and poor stability of particle structure.

This study evaluates the efficiency and fairness of China's Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) using a bi-level numerical model. The model comprises a regulatory level that sets the required share of renewables and a market level where electricity producers and consumers respond to these policies. In a perfectly competitive market, carbon pricing is identified as the most efficient policy to promote the development of renewable energy, while the RPS closely approximates an optimal policy tool. By mandating a certain percentage of renewable energy generation, the RPS significantly promotes renewable energy development and substantially reduces emissions. Additionally, RPS improves welfare levels in the central regions, addressing regional welfare disparities. RPS is deemed appropriate, especially considering that China's carbon pricing mechanisms are not yet fully supportive of renewable energy development.

In recent years, China has frequently experienced extreme climate events. Analyzing the trends in these extreme weather changes is crucial to mitigating the adverse impacts on human lives and preventing the disruption of water resource distribution. Based on the daily maximum and daily minimum temperatures at 139 meteorological grid points in the Liaohe River Basin from 1961 to 2020, six extreme temperature indices were calculated and selected to explore the temporal and spatial characteristics of the extreme temperature events in the Liaohe River Basin by using the linear trend analysis, the Mann-Kendall (M-K) mutation test, and the Kriging interpolation method. The results show that the index characterizing extreme warm events in the Liaohe River Basin in time shows a significant upward trend on both interannual and seasonal scales, while the index characterizing extreme cold events shows a significant downward trend. The mutation points of interannual changes were mainly distributed between 1980 and 2010. In the spatial distribution, the Liaohe River Basin as a whole is warming, and the northern part is warming more than the southern part.

In the operation of secondary circuits for power generation, a substantial number of various types of switching components are utilized. The primary types of secondary switching components employed include time relays, intermediate relays, auxiliary switches, and limit switches. These components occupy critical positions in the secondary circuit, where failures can easily lead to accidents affecting the safety of power generation. The testing institutions of power generation enterprises face challenges such as inadequate capabilities for component verification and testing, resulting in uncontrollable component performance. This paper discusses the necessary aspects of detecting secondary switching components, explores detection methods, and addresses the lack of self-inspection schemes for enterprises in conducting secondary switching component detection.

The electric power system has made a great contribution in the process of promoting common prosperity in China, but the current electricity regulatory system has weakened the full play of the function of supporting common prosperity in some aspects, including: rural residents have a heavy economic burden of electricity consumption, and some rural poor people still face “power poverty”; Underdeveloped areas subsidize developed areas in reverse, while developed areas often face the livelihood problems of power shortage; The contradiction of the existing electricity price cross-subsidy mechanism is becoming more and more prominent, and high-income groups enjoy more cross-subsidies. In view of the above problems, we put forward the following three suggestions: Exempt rural low-and middle-income residents from electricity charges by quota, and to support urban and rural residents to enjoy power public services more equally; Accelerate the marketization process of power generation resources and power pricing, and promote regional balanced development based on the comparative advantages of power resources; Add a higher-level residential electricity price ladder and promote cross-subsidies within residents to replace cross-subsidies between departments.

Building a high-quality economic development evaluation system in ethnic areas can well solve the problems of unbalanced and inadequate high-quality economic development in regions; Method: By analyzing the government data of six adjacent cities in Yunnan, Sichuan, and Guizhou provinces, five primary indicators and 27 secondary indicators covering economic vitality, innovation efficiency, green development, people’s living and social harmony were constructed. By combining obstacle degree, coupling degree, and coupling coordination degree models, the high-quality development situation was empirically measured; As a result, Chuan D is weaker than the other five cities and states in four aspects: economic vitality, innovation efficiency, green development, and people’s livelihood, ranking first; The conclusion is to use it to evaluate and analyze the results of high-quality economic development in the six adjacent cities of Yunnan, Sichuan, and Guizhou provinces, and to revise the basic indicators of the system in order to better guide and guide the practice of high-quality economic development in ethnic areas.

Macau has played a pivotal role in the eastward spread of Western medicine and its health governance experience, particularly in the construction of its healthcare system, has led and represented the modern transformation of urban health governance in early China to some extent. This study, from an urban history perspective, analyzes the process and experience of constructing Macau’s healthcare system. It summarizes the current developmental status of Macau’s healthcare system, examines its main features and construction effectiveness, and suggests strategies for improvement. These include increasing the allocation of specialized medical resources, enhancing the cultivation of talents in the broader health sector, and promoting collaborative healthcare and disease prevention in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area. Finally, the study highlights the insights gained from Macau’s public-private partnership model and the comprehensive coverage of its primary healthcare services, offering new ideas for health governance in the Greater Bay Area and beyond.

Based on an extensive investigation, this paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the existing safety facilities on rural roads with low traffic volume in China. It quantifies the indicators for identifying high-risk sections and provides a detailed description of these common high-risk areas. Furthermore, this study proposes engineering measures to enhance the traffic safety facilities specifically designed for these vulnerable road sections. Additionally, practical design examples based on engineering practices in China are presented, which are both simple and user-friendly.

The villages on both sides of the canal possess cultural and ecological significance. Applying the concept of environmental culture to the landscape design of the canal countryside plays a crucial role in improving the rural environmental environment and further stimulating rural economic development. Taking the rural areas in Wujiang, China, as an example, this paper integrates the concepts of water culture and ecological culture into the landscape design of the rural regions. Through implementing two significant strategies—ecological landscape construction and flood prevention landscape design. The paper aims to recreate the traditional appearance of villages along the ancient canal. This approach holds practical significance in promoting sustainable rural economic development and maintaining the dynamic balance of rural ecosystems.

‘Josapine’ is a famous pineapple cultivar as a kind of table fruit with a strong special aromatic fragrance like rose or jasmine, In this paper, ripen fruits were harvested monthly from January to June, and volatile compounds were measured by HS-SPME-GC-MS method to reveal the mysterious aroma compounds. Results showed that 112 volatile compounds totally were found in 5 harvest time. Esters and terpenes are the dominant volatiles among Josapine. February fruits contained the most abundant esters with 80.85% of total volatiles and May fruits contained the richest terpenes with 57.17%. In April and May harvested period, (Z)- β-ocimene was extremely significantly higher than that of other three periods. In March fruit. fruits smelt much more floral than in February and March probably attribute to the abundant (Z)-β-ocimene.

In Asia, the prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is high, resulting in significant physical and mental burdens for patients, including chronic pain, persistent diarrhea, fatigue, and psychological stress. Early detection and treatment of IBD can lead to better remission outcomes. However, currently, there is no non-invasive, simple, and cost-effective method for the early diagnosis of IBD. Recently, both domestic and international scholars have suggested that intraluminal incision can serve as a valuable index for non-invasive diagnosis. This paper reviews various proteins from different tissues and tissue sections, highlighting the importance of liquid tissue sections in the diagnosis of IBD.

Lubricant breakdown and galling phenomena are widely observed at the tooling surface during the stamping of aluminium components for the automotive industry, which compromise the formed surface quality and reduce tool-life. The lubricant performance has been found to be significantly influenced by its method of application. In the present research, a dedicated lubricant was evaluated by utilizing an advanced lab-scale friction testing system, TriboMate, and the effects of lubricant application method and lubricant quantity on the coefficient of friction evolution were investigated. It has been found that lubricant performance was significantly improved when the lubricant was applied on the hot workpiece blank, compared to the cold tooling surface, and when the lubricant quantity was increased. The gradual increase of friction evolution despite lubricant application on the workpiece blank was found to be due to the formation of an aluminium transfer layer at the tooling surface.

In present work, Fields Activated Sintering Technology (FAST), has been applied to successfully sinter the high-entropy alloy (HEA) samples. Based on the analysis of the microstructure, relative density and microhardness of the sintered HEA samples, the influence of sintering temperature and pulsed magnetic field treatment (PMT) has been investigated. In terms of performance, HEA samples fabricated using PMT-powder sintering exhibit superior properties compared to UT-powders. Regarding elemental distribution, pre-treating the powders with a pulsed magnetic field can enhance the uniformity of the alloyed powder components. Furthermore, elevated sintering temperatures have been observed to substantially accelerate the densification process, thereby improving the relative density of the sintered samples.

The forming limit curve (FLC) has been commonly used tool to predict the metal forming cracking in engineering. Whereas, based on the assumption of plane stress state, the formability prediction of thick sheet of hot-rolled high-strength steels is quite different from the experimental measurement. Finite element simulation was used to study the effect of sheet thickness. It is found that extra stress along thickness is introduced between inside and outside the instability region, which become larger increased. Additionally, the visco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) model and the M-K model are combined to establish the VPSC-MK model for investigating the influence of thickness difference. With reasonable capture of thickness stress, accurate prediction of FLC under different sheet thickness of hot rolled high-strength steel (HR-HSS) is well realized via VPSC-MK model. That is, it is revealed that the sheet thickness effect for HR-HSS mainly origins from normal stress induced during necking process.

Pulsed magnetic field treatment, as a novel, quick and environmentally friendly post-processing approach can directly modify the coated tools without causing damage. This study examined the wear performance of the TiAlSiN-coated cemented carbide block specimens treated by the pulsed magnetic fields in both dry friction and cutting fluid friction. The findings show that TiAlSiN coating block specimens subjected to pulsed magnetic fields exhibit better wear resistance in both friction conditions. The wear rate of the coating decreases by 21.49% in a dry friction environment, and the friction process becomes more stable while the wear width of the coating decreases by 4.60% in the cutting fluid friction environment. In addition, the nano-indentation tests show that the hardness and elastic modulus of the coating increases by 6.58% and 5.64%, and the coating binding force increases by 15.27% after the treatment.