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O presente trabalho avalia a implementação do uso de tablets em um instituto de língua especializado no ensino da língua inglesa. A coleta de dados foi efetuada através de questionário online formulado via google forms enviado aos docentes através de e-mail . Os resultados apontaram a existência de barreiras, incentivos, bem como a existência de crenças tradicionais no discurso dos professores. A formação continuada se torna necessária, mas com um elemento a mais. Este, talvez seja a chave para que a diminuição de barreiras se torne possível.

The present paper illustrates the results of the second set of measurements carried out in the BiomethER project (EU-LIFE). BiomethER aimed to design and build two innovative bio-methane production plants, located in the Emilia Romagna region (Italy), so it aims to demonstrate that bio‑methane could replace traditional methane in several applications. One of these applications is road transport where bio-methane can fuel a compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicle. So, three passenger cars have been tested with two gases: conventional natural gas and bio-methane coming from a BiomethER plant. For each vehicle have been measured the emissions and performances on the chassis dynamometer, while an inspection of combustion chambers of the engines was carried out to evaluate their wear condition. This campaign confirms results achieved in the first one, there are no appreciable deviations for fuel consumption and CO2 emissions between the two fuels, acceleration and maximum power were almost the same for the three vehicles tested. Indeed, the vehicle fuelled by methane has significant carbon deposits on the piston crown while the bio-methane fuelled do not have the same.

The focus of the study is the analysis and sizing of the air conditioning system on board the vehicle which operates in thermal transient for the duration of the typical mission, using “fan coil” type air conditioning devices powered by a hot or cold heat vector fluid loaded into “electro-thermal” charging station and the related ground cogeneration plant (at the BUS terminus). For winter air conditioning, it was assumed that a heat transfer fluid at a temperature of 90 ° C could be stored on board. This value allows the use of water as a heat transfer fluid without pressurizing the systems, minimizing costs and supply problems, and is compatible with the characteristics of ICE cogeneration systems. For summer air conditioning, it was assumed that ice or fluid at a temperature of -20 ° C could be loaded. Also in this case it was decided to operate with a common fluid, such as a solution of water and salt (e.g. calcium chloride CaCl2). A comparative analysis of two solutions was carried out: the first involves the standard solution with BUS air conditioning system with heat pump powered by traction batteries charged by the grid and the second one analyzes the use of a high temperature Fuel Cell in a trigenerative configuration with refrigeration unit absorption fueled by the fumes of the FC. The trigeneration plant produces 100 kW of electricity via SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) and, through an exchanger, water at 95 ° C which is stored on board the BUS for winter heating and feeds an absorption refrigeration machine that produces fluid at a temperature of -20 ° C for summer conditioning. For the two solutions, the savings of non-renewable primary energy and the reduction of GHG emissions compared to the standard solution (recharging the electric BUS from the network with on-board air conditioning powered by the traction batteries) are calculated through a WTW analysis. Consumption and emissions of electric powertrains, potentially for consumption and zero emissions, are closely linked to the methods of production and distribution of electricity.

Bio-methane as fuel in a natural gas engine is a viable solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The present paper illustrates the results of the first set of measurements carried out in the BiomethER project (EULIFE). BiomethER aimed to design and build two innovative bio-methane production plants, located in Emilia Romagna region (Italy), fed by different feedstock: the first one with sewage sludge and the other with landfill waste. Biogas extracted by the anaerobic digester was cleaned and upgraded to biomethane for road vehicles application. To verify the compatibility of biomethane in conventional compressed natural gas engine (CNG) vehicles, three passenger cars have been tested with two gases: conventional natural gas and bio-methane coming by BiomethER sewage sludge plant. Test concerned dynamic performances and exhaust emissions and was operated on the chassis dynamometer facility, in ENEA Casaccia Research Centre. Preliminary results showed no appreciable deviation was noticeable for fuel consumption and CO2 emissions between the two fuels, acceleration and maximum power were almost the same for the three vehicles tested. The WTW evaluation of GHG emissions for the biomethane resulted in up to 79% lower in comparison with natural gas provided by the Italian pipeline.

A participação como membros de bancas examinadoras na área de Metodologia e Prática de Ensino de Inglês em nível universitário tem nos levado a questionamentos sobre o papel do "supervisor de estágio". Neste trabalho fazemos algumas observações a respeito dessa participação, especialmente no que se refere às imagens apresentadas pelos candidatos, muitos sem qualquer experiência prévia na área. Identificamos duas fontes principais que parecem justificar suas abordagens: uma derivada da biografia pessoal e profissional e outra derivada de contato com textos acadêmicos. Em ambas se pode notar a fé na "verdade" a ser revelada aos futuros professores. Apresentamos também nossos próprios entendimentos de qual seria o papel do supervisor, posição essa igualmente sujeita ao mesmo crivo de análise.Our participation as examiners of candidates for the position of EFL Methodology and Teaching Practice teachers at university level has been extremely fruitful in generating questions about the roles of a "practicum supervisor". In this paper we discuss some observations derived from such participation, regarding the images presented by the candidates, most of them with no previous experience in this area. We identified two main sources that appear to justify their approaches: one derived from personal and professional biography and another derived from contacts with academic texts. Both share the faith on "truths" to be conveyed to prospective teachers. Finally, we present our own understandings of what this role could be and which are equally amenable to the same sort of analysis.

Resenha da obra "Professores e formadores em mudança: relato de um processo de reflexão e transformação da prática docente” organizada por Maria Antonieta Alba Celani.

A literatura na área de educação tem sugerido que professores possuem crenças implícitas sobre ensino/aprendizagem que guiam seu planejamento e os processos de tomada de decisões em sala de aula (Munby, 1982; Verloop, 1989; Johnson, 1994, dentre outros). Tem sido igualmente argumentado que alunos de licenciaturas ingressam nesses programas com imagens sobre ensino/aprendizagem (Lortie, 1975, Bennett & Carré, 1993). Esta perspectiva encontra respaldo na área de pensamento do professor, que procura compreender o ensino a partir de como pensam e agem os profissionais (Calderhead, 1987). Embora estudos em educação venham trabalhando nessa perspectiva desde o início dos anos 80, no ensino de língua estrangeira a incorporação deste referencial teórico é recente (vide Gimenez, 1995).

In this report 17 patients with long-standing non-focal epilepsy underwent callosotomy (this was total in two patients and performed in two stages, and anterior-subtotal in the remaining patients). In all patients the atonic-hypertonic seizures with sudden falls were the most disabling epileptic fits. Callosotomy proved efficient in controlling atonic fits in 10 out of 15 patients in whom surgical results are evaluated. In 3 additional patients the frequency of atonic fits was reduced by more than 50%. In the remaining two patients, no therapeutic effect was observed. Callosotomy was less effective on seizures which were not atonic. Therefore, this procedure appears to be indicated in patients in whom atonic fits are predominant. The main effect of callosotomy is to transform drug-resistant seizures into drug-sensitive ones. Neuropsychological sequels are insignificant unless the splenium is severed. However, considerable psychic and behavioral improvement was nearly always observed after surgery. Despite the fact that on a therapeutic level results were often satisfactory, a number of practical problems still remain. These concern the full spectrum of indications for callosotomy, the extent of corpus callosum section, choice of methods in severely mentally retarded patients and, finally, the age at which the operation should be carried out.