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Cette étude a pour objectif de proposer une analyse du fonctionnement de la coordination nue, appelée aussi noms nus coordonnés, en français. La coordination nue est une structure joignant deux noms sans déterminant par la conjonction et, comme « Bêtes et gens » dans l’exemple suivant : (...) en Provence, c’est l’usage, quand viennent les chaleurs, d’envoyer le bétail dans les Alpes. Bêtes et gens passent cinq ou six mois là-haut, logés à la belle étoile, dans l’herbe jusqu’au ventre ; (...) (A. Daudet) En nous inspirant des études antérieures, nous avons soumis notre hypothèse sur les propriétés des noms nus coordonnés comme la suivante : les référents des deux noms forment un groupe unifié, l’un et l’autre étant impliqués dans un même événement ou une même activité. La création de ce groupe peut se faire de deux manières : (i) soit les deux noms partagent des traits sémantiques communs, (ii) soit, en l’absence de similitudes sémantiques, ils sont reliés par le contexte ou par le cadre cognitif ; à moins qu’il ne s’agisse d’une expression figée, les référents désignés par les deux noms ont leur présupposition existentielle dans le contexte antérieur ou dans le cadre cognitif activé à travers les connaissances partagées. Nous avons essayé de corroborer notre hypothèse en étudiant des exemples tirés d’œuvres littéraires et d’articles de journaux. Plusieurs recherches antérieures ont signalé des cas de l’usage anaphorique de noms nus coordonnés, mais aucune étude antérieure n’a posé les fonctionnements anaphoriques ou contextuels en tant que condition sine qua non de la coordination nue. Toutefois, ses fonctionnements anaphoriques ou contextuels sont primordiaux pour comprendre son mécanisme. Notre analyse apportera aussi une réponse à la question suivante : comment s’effectue l’acte d’actualisation sans déterminant dans la coordination nue ? Puisque les noms nus coordonnés ont leur référent ou leur présupposition existentielle soit dans le contexte antérieur soit dans le cadre cognitif, leur actualisation est assurée par le contexte ou par le cadre cognitif.

Resettlement country language literacy facilitates integration and counteracts social and economic marginalization. Thus, access to language learning is a social justice issue. Resettled refugees in Canada are eligible for free English/French language training. Between 2015-2017, Canada resettled 47,735 Syrian refugees. We explored predictors of language class participation for Syrian refugees, examining data from 1915 adult Syrian refugees in government-funded language classes in British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec. Findings suggest access to language programs are shaped by provincial policies. Factors hindering participation varied by province and included gender, physical/mental health, education, English/French literacy, and employment. Practice and policy recommendations are discussed.

Abstract There is little longitudinal research that directly compares the effectiveness of Canada’s Government-Assisted Refugee (GAR) and Privately Sponsored Refugee (PSR) Programs that takes into account possible socio-demographic differences between them. This article reports findings from 1,921 newly arrived adult Syrian refugees in British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec. GARs and PSRs differed widely on several demographic characteristics, including length of time displaced. Furthermore, PSRs sponsored by Groups of 5 resembled GARs more than other PSR sponsorship types on many of these characteristics. PSRs also had broader social networks than GARs. Sociodemographic differences and city of residence influenced integration outcomes, emphasizing the importance of considering differences between refugee groups when comparing the impact of these programs.

The purpose of this research was the development of a wastewater treatment technique using catalytic oxidation in superheated steam. The target substance was isopropyl alcohol (IPA). The experiment was carried out using a plug-flow reactor filled with MnO2 catalyst. The optimum decomposition condition was determined, and the kinetics of the catalytic oxidation reaction were analyzed. The experimental results were expressed as total organic carbon (TOC) removal. The dependences of the TOC removal on the reaction temperature and residence time were investigated. The TOC removal increased with the reaction temperature and residence time. It was 99.8% at 300°C, 0.9 MPa, 11 s, and oxidant ratio of 1.2. On the other hand, the TOC removal was constant for a long residence time at low reaction temperatures of 200 and 230°C. This was because acetone and acetic acid were produced via the oxidation of IPA, and they were detected as TOC. The reaction kinetics were examined using the pseudo-first-order reaction model; the TOC removal correlated well with this model. Based on the results of the kinetics, the activation energy (Ea) for TOC decomposition was determined from the Arrhenius equation; it was 56.1 kJ/mol. These results indicate that catalytic oxidation in superheated steam is useful for wastewater treatment.

Dans les recherches antérieures sur les articles, il est communément admis que le défini présente le référent comme déjà connu, alors que l’indéfini présente le référent comme non identifiable par l’interlocuteur. Or, il existe des cas où l’indéfini est employé pour un référent identifiable par l’interlocuteur, comme dans « Parce qu’une petite fille a vu ou a cru voir le Père Noël, il y a une demi-heure que vous me questionnez comme si j’avais commis un crime. » (Simenon, Un Noël de Maigret) Par ailleurs, linguistes et philosophes séparent la lecture spécifique et la lecture non-spécifique pour l’indéfini dans les contextes opaques, tandis que Donnellan propose la distinction entre usage référentiel et usage attributif pour le défini. Dans cet article, nous montrerons que l’indéfini qui est employé pour un référent déjà connu est un indéfini spécifique et attributif et que ce type d’indéfini apparaît toujours dans un contexte conflictuel avec une valeur polémique. Se dégage de notre analyse que l’indéfini en question effectue une opération d’attribution ainsi qu’une opération de reclassification ou redéfinition d’un référent : si le locuteur emploie l’indéfini pour un référent parfaitement identifié, c’est qu’il entend remettre en question la classe à laquelle appartient son référent. Et c’est justement cette opération de reclassification ou redéfinition en tant que telle qui signale un contexte conflictuel et du même coup une valeur polémique.

In recent years, nosocomial infection, including that by multiple-drug-resistant Acinetobacter (MDRA), has become an increasing concern in Japan. Typically, Acinetobacter inhabits soil and river water and is usually harmless to humans. However, bacteria of this genus can become pathogens in inpatients with weakened immune systems, resulting in opportunistic infection. Currently, hospital infection by MDRA is spreading not only in Japan, but also worldwide. This is a very serious problem, and little is known about effective countermeasures. The present study sought to examine the microbiome status in a hospital visitor waiting room as a first step in establishing countermeasures for use against Acinetobacter. Specifically, we performed a so-called metagenomic analysis to directly analyze DNA collected from the environment, without an intervening cultivation step. Indoor airborne bacteria and surface bacteria were sampled and analyzed. The results show that in a visitor waiting room, the top-ten most-abundant genera included (in decreasing order) Acinetobacter, Streptococcus, Prevotella, Pseudomonas, Bifidobacterium, Fusobacterium, Neisseia, Porphyromonas, Leptotrichia, and Haemophilus. Thus, Acinetobacter constituted the mostdetected genus and was present in all collected samples. Furthermore, we assessed the bactericidal effect of ultraviolet C (UVC) against Acinetobacter sp. 7206, a hospital isolate. A UVC dose of 4.0 sec•mW/cm2 was required to kill the 99.9% Acinetobacter sp. 7206 on solid culture medium.

Investiga os significados da paranoia e de sua aplicação como categoria nosográfica. Apresenta o artigo de Juliano Moreira e Afrânio Peixoto "A paranoia e as síndromes paranoides", apontando a diferenciação que eles estabelecem entre esse constructo clínico e a demência precoce. Indica ainda que situar os limites diagnósticos da paranoia 'legítima' foi maneira de delimitar suas posições teóricas e seu alinhamento a Kraepelin, justificando a escolha da postura científica para tornar moderna a psiquiatria brasileira. Adicionalmente, discute aspectos da história conceitual da paranoia (suas relações com personalidade), quanto aos referenciais teóricos usados por aqueles autores brasileiros em seu artigo.The article explores the meanings of paranoia and its use as a disease category. Juliano Moreira and Afrânio Peixoto's article "A paranoia e as síndromes paranoides" is used to show how these two scientists differentiated between this clinical construct and dementia praecox. Delineating the diagnostic boundaries of "legitimate" paranoia was their way of demarcating their theoretical stances and their alignment with Kraepelin, thereby justifying the scientific stance that they deemed essential to making Brazilian psychiatry modern. The article also discusses aspects of the conceptual history of paranoia (its relation to personality) in terms of the theoretical references used by the Brazilian authors of the article.

In Wuthering Heights, Catherine can be placed in the genealogy of Gothic heroines, and the fact that the novel has been seen as an example of the Female Gothic is further evidence that the Gothic has a far-reaching influence on Wuthering Heights. It is also noticeable that Isabella and Cathy Linton resemble Gothic heroines. I do not intend to discuss these female characters as persecuted heroines. Rather, what I would like to see in this paper is how Emily Brontë received the Gothic and how her female characters are influenced by the genre. I suggest that Emily gradually makes her female characters shift into more lively figures, and Gothic heroines are transformed into several versions of more animated women in Wuthering Heights, and echo each other, mirror each other, and collaborate with one another to provide a whole view. In short, as an opposite or an incomprehensible example, each character helps others to identify themselves. They explore others to find themselves, and see others as distorted mirrors that they are not what they are. The female figures in Wuthering Heights create a whole version of women together.

A partir de notícias da Gazeta de Campinas (1871-1887), abordam-se visões correntes sobre atos suicidas entre cativos e pessoas livres, na província de São Paulo, assim como discutem-se os dados obtidos. Conclui-se que, sendo os atos suicidas manifestações humanas irredutíveis a um único tipo de explicação, não parece justificável que entre escravos eles sejam ainda tomados como auto-explicáveis por sua mísera condição. Ao indicar as situações em que se deram tais atos, espera-se desfazer explicações simplificadoras, como aquelas que referem os suicídios de escravos apenas e obviamente devidos aos 'desgostos do cativeiro'.News stories printed in Gazeta de Campinas (1871-1887) are used to investigate the views expressed at the time of the suicides of captives and freedmen in São Paulo province, and to discuss the data available. As suicide is a form of human behavior which cannot be reduced to one single explanation, it does not seem justifiable that amongst the slaves, these cases should also be taken as self-explanatory because of the conditions in which they occurred. By noting the circumstances in which these acts took place, it is hoped that the fallacy of oversimplified explanations can be belied, which refer to the suicide of slaves as quite simply being due to a 'dislike of captivity'.

Background: Almost three-quarters of family practice residents in British Columbia (BC) meet criteria for burnout. We sought to understand how burnout is perceived and experienced by family medicine residents, and to identify both contributory and protective factors for resident burnout. Method: Two semi-structured focus groups were conducted with ten family practice residents from five distinct University of British Columbia training sites. Participants completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Results: Seventy percent of the focus group participants met criteria for burnout using the MBI. The experience of burnout was described as physical and emotional exhaustion, loss of motivation, isolation from loved ones, and disillusionment with the medical profession. Contributory factors included high workload, burned-out colleagues, perceived undervaluing of family medicine, lack of autonomy, and inability to achieve work-life balance. Protective factors included strong role models in medicine, feeling that one’s work is valued and rotations in family medicine. Conclusions: The high level of burnout in family medicine residents in BC is a multifactorial and complex phenomenon. Training programs and faculty should be aware of burnout risk factors and strive to implement changes to reduce burnout, including allowing residents increased control over scheduling, access to counseling services and training for resident mentors.

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de pesquisa sobre a institucionalização dos alienados em cinco províncias brasileiras: São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Maranhão, Pernambuco e Pará. Analisaram-se relatórios dos presidentes dessas províncias durante o Segundo Reinado, entre 1846 e 1889. Nesses documentos a alienação mental é considerada como uma doença especial e se aponta que o lugar dos loucos não é entre os demais doentes, mas tampouco nas cadeias. Notáveis são ainda os registros de pressões da sociedade no sentido de sua internação. Os políticos incorporaram o discurso médico sobre a alienação mental, mas, diante das suas descrições dos Hospícios, evidencia-se a contradição entre um suposto projeto de assistência, baseado em pressupostos pinelianos, e a prática de simples reclusão realmente efetivada.The article presents research findings on the institutionalization of the insane in five provinces of colonial Brazil: São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Maranhão, Pernambuco, and Pará. Reports by the presidents of these provinces, written during the Segundo Reinado (1846-89), were analyzed. In these documents, insanity is viewed as a special disease, and it is indicated that the mad are not meant to be kept among other ill people, much less in jail. The reports also register societal pressure to have such people committed. These politicians adopted the medical discourse on insanity, but their descriptions of asylums evince the contradiction between an alleged social-assistance project based on suppositions drawn from Pinel and the outright seclusion that was actually practiced.