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Explores the hypothesis that the meaning of a word, especially a noun, relates directly to the types of relationships that the speaker has to the various referents that the word lets him construct, and that the referents have with their environment. Polysemic, metonymic, and metaphoric uses then tend to become confused with the actual lexical meaning. (Author/MSE)

Study looks at frequency of noun1 + de + noun2 possessive in French prose. Researchers used chi-square and Pearson test to analyze results of syntagmatic possessive construction in works by Hugo, Stendahl, Balzac, Zola, Gide, Malraux, St. Exupery, and Sartre. Findings indicate that syntagmatic genitive possessive is more commonly found in nineteenth-century novels than in those of twentieth century. (LP)

Test results for final-year French students in Canadian universities show they have not mastered the gender of some of the most frequent French nouns. Two recommendations are to continue to seek simplification of the learning of gender and to require students to use the full range of syntactic transformations. (MSE)

Proposes a system of classifying and forming words in French based on several major word "families" grouped according to their grammatical bases and the types of derivations emerging from them as an effective approach to vocabulary development. (MSE)

In a corpus of the most frequent French words, phonetic rules relating the end of a noun to gender are simplified, and morphological rules governing the gender of suffixed nouns are illustrated. The stratified presentation is offered to teachers for classroom use. (Author/MSE)

Presents an analysis of noun phrases in which the definite article is used and omitted. Several studies are reviewed and two types of occurrences are distinguished: direct (agent, instrument, object) and oblique (locative, dative). The relationships, perceptible in the deep structure, are blurred in the transformations leading to surface structure. (AMH)

Examines the process of formation of the "syntheme" in German, and its role in the economy of language. (AM)

Examines the relationship among dictionaries, language, discourse, and ideology. The nature of the definition and the object of the dictionary's description are discussed. (AM)

Examines the lexicographic definition as an informal analysis of the meanings of words. (AM)

Examines the problems of clarity, precision, and consistency found in dictionaries' treatment of the adjective "devergonde" and the noun "devergondage," particulary in their figurative forms. (AM)

Reports on an investigation into the patterns of the learning of French grammar in French primary schools. Specifically the learning of form classes (verb, adjective, noun), syntax, and morphological markers was studied. (AM)

Describes a set of questionnaires administered to 400 French speakers in France and Switzerland to study variation in the position of the adjective in a noun phrase. The first objective was to separate rigidly structured contexts from those affected by fluctuations, the second was to detect regularities and hesitations in individual behavior. (MES)

Discusses the general problem of the formal correspondence between predicates and phrases, introducing the principle that the fundamental units of a lexicon are phrases rather than words. Shows that the novelty of this approach consists in an integration of lexicon and syntax and poses particular problems where the noun is concerned. (MES)

Techniques and class activities for French instruction are presented, including a press conference simulation, a game using noun families, a college-level contemporary fiction curriculum, and speed-reading techniques for beginning students. (MSE)

The article proposes an examination of the relations Georges Didi-Huberman’s work establishes between the discipline of philology and the knowledge he applies to images as cultural objects. More precisely, it identifies what are the use values that Georges Didi-Huberman assigns to philology. The argument is constructed semantically, looking at his usage of the word (including derived nouns or adjectives), and also practically, focusing on his writing practice. The analysis is grounded in a distinction between iconologic and imaginative approaches to the study of images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses the polyfunctionality of comme ça in spoken French, on the basis of an interview between the producer Agnès Varda and the journalist Antoine Guillot (for the realisation of a masterclass on France Culture). The interview lasts more than an hour and the frequency of the appearance of comme ça goes hand in hand with the diversity of its uses. Therefore, in accordance with existing analyses (Cappeau & Savelli 2001, Corminboeuf 2017), we proceeded to a description of the two units - comme and ça - that make up the expression and then to a sorting of the occurrences of comme ça, intra- or extra-predicative. In this way, we can identify a first dichotomy between the marker of syntactic scope, governed by a verb or a noun, and the discourse marker. We will examine some problematic cases that will help us to rule on the non-verbal or suprasegmental material (mimicry, intonation) that accompanies the production of comme ça. The article concludes with a discussion of the phenomena of discourse phraseology as they are reflected in the use of comme ça. We will then be able to re-examine the semantic approximation basis of comme ça (Corminboeuf 2017), which could justify the frequency of the expression in dialogical and narrative contexts (in the manner of a competing marker, voilà). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Akofena is the property of Universite Felix Houphouet Boigny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cataphoresis contravenes the principle of linguistic economy and implies a high cognitive cost, which leads us to question the conditions of its appearance. Using a corpus from the Frantext database (19th and 20th century), we examine how the SN une chose in cataphoric use contributes to discourse cohesion. The statements are based on various syntactic constructions and discourse break effects, and in a series of uses une chose is subject to restrictive modalization. The fact that the statements are rooted in the expression of intensity and subjectivity would explain the use of an uneconomic structure which is semantically linked to both the previous and the subsequent context, ensuring textual continuity through this tension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss the concept of predicate from both metalinguistic and linguistic perspectives. After having explained the role of predicate in the theoretical framework of reference, we specify the language mechanisms related to predicates. We then illustrate our purpose with the determination of nouns in French. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intensive support verbs selected by the predicative nouns of the class in Old French and Old Spanish are presented and analyzed in this paper. The lexically constrained combinations between these verbs and nouns are described, and the basic metaphors that govern the selection of intensive structures are identified. We observe that a synchronic perspective would prefer a lexical selection-based description of collocations, whereas a diachronic perspective would prefer the use of conceptual metaphors. We highlight certain similarities between the two languages studied, but also some differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the semantic evolution of certain conjunctive phrases that lose their temporal value and take on logical values of causality and opposition. We examine the locutions that express simultaneity (tandis que, alors que, pendant que) and that evolve towards opposition, then those that express posteriority (puisque, dès que) and that evolve towards causality. The case of expressions formed on nouns (à l’instant que) is treated separately. We will try to observe differences in the speed of change depending on whether the expressions are of earlier or later formation, and to establish a chronology of this evolution by showing the particular importance of the pre-classical French period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philologia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this study is to systematically describe the diminutive/augmentative mechanism through noun inflection in Kirundi. By applying the cognitive theory of space representation to the size of the static and bounded object (without considering its geometric shape), three results were obtained. First, the diminutive/augmentative is expressed by means of the secondary noun classification with derivational purpose. Then, the marks of secondary classes in the singular (-ki-, -ka-, -ru-) represent a mode of occupation of the continuous space while those of the plural (-bi-, -tu-, -bu-) serve as support for a mode of occupation of discontinuous space. Finally, taking the primary noun class as a mark of the normal reference size, the diminutive/augmentative mechanism distinguishes two degrees from the normal size of the object considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny is the property of Polish Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Insāniyāt / Revue Algérienne d'Anthropologie et de Sciences Sociales is the property of Centre de Recherche en Anthropologie Sociale et Culturelle (CRASC) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article analyses 200 nouns of Lithuanian slang with the three most common Slavic suffixes: -ka, -kė (Russ. -ка, Pl. -ka); -akas (Russ. -ак, Pl. -ak), -iakas (Russ. -як); -ščikas, -čikas (Russ. -щик, -чик). The majority of nouns in the slang are with the suffixes -kė, -ka. A part of the borrows with theses suffixes are the result of suffix univerbation; the univerbs usually are informal or slang words in Russian language. The borrowings with the suffixes -akas, -iakas are the second most common: these nouns are mostly slang words in Russian. There are many hybrids created with the suffixes -akas, -iakas in Lithuanian slang. The nouns with the suffixes -ščikas, -čikas are the third most common; the words with -ščikas are more ordinary in slang; the suffix -čikas is less common, but both forms are often used as synonyms. There are also few pseudo-borrowings with Russian roots and suffixes -ščikas, -čikas as well as hybrid derivatives.

The ficta, i.e. fictional objects, are the privileged subject matter of the discourse of philosophers, literary critics, readers and, originally, of fiction authors. The ficta raise several types of questions: metaphysical ones - "What is a fictum?", "What is its nature?", ontological ones - "Is there such a thing as a fictional object?" and, of course, semantical ones - "What is a fictional proper noun?", "What is a sensible discourse about ficta?" Starting from these questions, various answers have been advanced, in an attempt to grasp, through one theoretical lens or another, the very definition of ficta: "What is ultimately a fictional object?" The article sets out to present - without really deciding - a series of possible answers to these questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Support verbs (verbes supports) and other realizers of the predicative noun are the subject of this study. We submit to analysis the constructions prevalent in academic texts. The proposed analyses refer to the research on the realization of the predicate noun and are in line with the current research on the lexical-syntactic structures specific to the genre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I analyse the noun forms derived from the prototypical verbs of visual perception, see and look. The descriptors used to process verbal polysemy must prepare the correspondence between verb classes and noun classes. This involves indicating whether perception verbs have nouns as associated forms. I also show that if the predicates and arguments are fundamental for the interpretation of the sentence, the actualizers are fundamental for its grammaticalization. The actualization will condition the reading of the nominal predicate. I show how this actualization will allow us to elaborate classes of predicates and thus to renew the approaches of polysemy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a contribution to the research on noun predication in Polish. More specifically, it focusses on the role of the support verb (Vsup) in verb-noun constructions. In this type of structure, also called verb-noun collocation, or conventionalized syntagma, the verb is collocated with an abstract noun. In this paper, Grażyna Vetulani discusses some crucial aspects of the role of the Vsup in Polish. Despite its apparently subordinated non-predicative role, the Vsup brings important semantical and grammatical information to the meaning of the whole syntagma. In particular, Vetulani argues that, it is a unifying element for the class of predicative nouns (Npréd); it indicates the register and aspect of the compound; it determines its class in the set of predicative nouns; it restricts the polysemy of the predicative noun. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution applies the classical model of French "light verbs" to a highly abstract lexical sphere--"shell nouns" such as opinion and information--which has been neglected by research so far. This study focuses on combinations between these nouns and the verbs être and avoir, which have been subject to diachronic variation that can be traced back to medieval times in the Frantext corpora. The findings suggest that the combinatorics of today's words often reflects a categorization of the world corresponding to yesterday's imagination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light verbs are generally considered on semantic grounds: Light verbs are contrasted with predicative verbs because the former lack argument structure. In this paper, I argue that light verbs should rather be considered on syntactic grounds, i.e., in terms of the structure of the sentence. From this point of view, light verbs highlight the central property of verbs tout court: namely, to construct a VP. In § 1, I argue that only on this basis can light and predicative verbs be consistently contrasted. In §§ 2 and 3, I address the question of the structure of a VP with a light verb. In § 4, I address the question of the relationship between argument structure and semantic richness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like all the major fields of research, the theoretical positions on support verbs have changed as descriptions of them have accumulated. It is surprising that it was not until the twentieth century that the notion was established. Thus, to take a beer and to take a slap have been analyzed in the same way in the grammatical tradition. I have described elsewhere how the notion of support verbs was elaborated and gradually developed (G. Gross, 1993, 2004). The first works in the framework of the LADL started from lists of nominal predicates established by Maurice Gross. His first collaborators applied to these lists, each one on his own, this or that support verb, the number of which seemed to be quite small at the time. Thus, J. Giry studied the support faire; L. Danlos studied sentences with the support être Prép. From the very beginning, it was realized that the conjugation of nominal predicates was more diverse than that of verbs: a single verb has only one set of forms. R. Vivès studied the nominal predicates that take the three supports avoir-prendre-perdre. I myself have described the support verbs donner and recevoir by highlighting an active and passive conjugation thanks to the support recevoir. But all these works implied, by default, that the list of support verbs was reduced for each of the predicate nouns and for the whole. But, just as in the last century a systematic inventory of verbal conjugation was made, the time has come to make a systematic inventory of the means of conjugation for nominal predicates. This is what the present article is devoted to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a long-acknowledged fact that in a wide number of Indo-European languages, some noun phrases occur solely in the plural. As for the French language--the only one concerned in this study--examples as les semailles, les pourparlers, les environs, les pantalons, etc., are very common ones. A subclass of these plural invariable nouns (Pluralia tantum), shows specific properties, e.g., the noun phrase does not behave like a collective noun; it differs in meaning from the version in singular, and the version in plural is always diachronically posterior to the one in singular. The main point is that these plural nouns seem to involve a limited class of verbs in a privileged way. The main purpose of this study is then to question the status of support verb of these verbs, as well as their role in a possible process of idiomatization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shell nouns (Schmid 2000) are abstract nouns like problem or result, which have the potential to “encapsulate” a portion of text either cataphorically (The problem is that + Propositional content) or anaphorically (Propositional content, this problem…). Since shell nouns operate a discursive reference, they serve as resumption markers, especially when they appear in constructions which create “conceptual anaphoras”, also called “resumptive anaphoras” (Charaudeau and Maingueneau 2002). Among these configurations, we find the construction in which the shell noun, determined by a demonstrative article, starts a sentence (Adler and Legallois 2018). However other variants of this construction exist, for example when the shell noun is not at the beginning of a sentence. Furthermore a prime test for shell-nounhood remains the integration of a noun into specificational attributive constructions, e.g. The problem is that + conjunctive phrase. We will analyse corpus data to identify the common points and the differences between specificational attributive constructions including French shell nouns and anaphorical resumptive constructions involving the same shell nouns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Project Esplora (con) i dizionari digitali which aims at teaching and training students in foreign languages through exercises which may require the use of online digital dictionaries. It mentions exercises on Italian irregular verbs and plural nouns produced by French native speakers studying Italian. It also mentions discovering irregular verbs and nouns through online dictionaries.

Copyright of Synergies France is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Synergie Tunisie is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studii şi Cercetări de Onomastică şi Lexicologie is the property of University of Craiova, Faculty of Letters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The numerous works carried out over the last twenty years on proper nouns have focused above all on highlighting their formal and semantic diversity and their complex discursive functioning. This has not only relegated to the background the definitional question of proper nouns that used to agitate the philosophical-logical-linguistic world, but also presented it as outdated, the distinction between proper nouns and common nouns being no more than a gradual opposition. In this article, we propose to return to the question of the definition of proper nouns with the main objective of showing that the distinction proper noun/common noun is not a matter of continuity, but represents a difference of denomination which is crucial, because it reflects a basic ontological difference between categories and particulars or individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A noun *york- has been reconstructed as the PIE name of the 'roedeer'. This paper offers a review of the sometimes unexpected history of this root-noun and its derivatives in those daughter languages that have kept them: Greek ζορκ-, δορκ- (1), Celtic *york-, *yurk- (2), probably Germanic *raiχ- (3), possibly Indic ś-ya- (4). Unrelated to *york-, on the other hand, are Armenian ors 'hunt, game' (8), and probably Latin hircus (5), Luwian irwa- (6), Tocharian yerkwantala* (7). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main subject of the article introduces the religious language observed in the Russian-Ukrainian translation dictionaries of 1918-1933. (“Moscow-Ukrainian Dictionary” (1918) V. Dubrovskyi, “RussianUkrainian” dictionary (1918) S. Ivanytskyi and F. Shumlyanskyi, “Russian-Ukrainian dictionary” (1924-1933) edited by A. Krymskyi and S. Yefremov). All the above mentioned dictionaries were reprinted and digitalized during the independence period. This indicates a significant interest of contemporaries in their lexicographical heritage. Many linguistic studies have been held recently on the topic of «repressed» dictionaries. However, an integrated and holistic analysis of the language that is recorded in the Russian-Ukrainian sources at the beginning of the 20th century was not still available. Due to established lexicographical systems, the entire register of Ukrainian vocabulary of the abovementioned translation dictionaries was developed. The separately built database of nouns helps to select and analyze all groups of nouns (including religious nouns) recorded in these works. Despite the dramatic changes in the life of the country caused by the revolutionary events, translated Russian-Ukrainian dictionaries of 1918-1933 still contain a significant number of religious vocabulary. In the three above mentioned dictionaries as a whole, there are approximately one and a half thousand nouns relating to religion. Most of them are still well known. They are among the broadest thematic groups: 1) the names of the persons combining four more subgroups (name of clergymen according to their positions, titles; names of people as supporters of some faith; names of the people who follow the established dogmas, rules; names of atheists and sinful, nefarious persons); 2) the names of sacral, church objects; 3) the names of liturgical books; 4) the names of religious holidays; 5) the names of church rites, sacraments; 6) the names of higher beings; 7) the names of religious buildings; 8) the names of priests’ clothing; 9) the names of religious directions, currents, teachings, beliefs, etc.; 10) the names of the places of stay of souls of deceased people, etc. There were, also, lemmas that are not already used in modern language practice and generally in dictionaries of the Ukrainian language of the post-revolutionary years. The largest number of such words is available in the Russian-Ukrainian Dictionary (1924-1933) edited by A. Krymskyi and S. Yefremov. These are mainly complex and simple nouns (in -ств(о)), composites with the бого-, іконо-, лже-, etc. The main subject of the study is the analysis of various groups of specifically and commonly used language in the aforementioned dictionaries (including their modern editions), as well as the comparison of their units beginning from the 20th century.

Abstract Even though the distinction between nouns and verbs is generally considered to be universal, it has been argued for some languages of Northern North America that they lack this distinction. The main argument for such assertion is that in these languages lexemes denoting entities and lexemes denoting actions receive the same markers, when used as predicates. Guató, an isolate from South America, exhibits a similar phenomenon. In Guató, lexemes considered nouns receive the same subject markers as intransitive verbs do, when they occur in predicative function. Moreover, nouns and verbs share other morphosyntactic features. This article aims to describe and to compare the morphosyntactic behavior of Guató nouns and verbs, pointing out similarities and differences between them.

Copyright of Studies in Contrastive Grammar / Studii de Gramatica Contrastiva is the property of Universitatea din Pitesti and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philologia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)