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The main selected articles in pediatric dermatology covered the following topics: development and maturation of the epidermal barrier in the neonate, iatrogenic events in the neonatal ICU, diagnostic value of minor birthmarks, complications, risk factors and treatment of hemangiomas, coagulopathy in venous malformations, epidemiology and dermoscopy of congenital and acquired melanocytic nevi in childhood, growth of the body surface area, new pathogenic concepts and treatment in atopic dermatitis, the impact of filaggrin deficiency, hereditary factors in Kawasaki disease, severe and drug resistant cases, management of juvenile dermatomyositis, treatment of childhood psoriasis with biologics, the new classification of epidermolysis bullosa and therapeutic approach with cell therapy, neurological impairment in xeroderma pigmentosum, behavioural anomalies in X-linked ichthyosis, guidelines for neurofibromatosis type I, the genetics of an hereditary hypotrichosis, infantile acne, rosacea in childhood, mast cell disease management and, last but not least, treatment of hair lice with silicone.

This article presents the clinical observation of 2 cases of children suffering from Kawasaki disease in the same family at a 7-year interval. This observation suggests a genetic predisposition to the disease. Epidemiological surveys conducted in Japan for some years point to a genetic factor but without proof. Childhood systemic febrile vasculitis is hard to recognise, so its diagnosis is often made lately, while there is an effective therapy, which prevents from serious cardiovascular complications. Identification of its precise cause, a necessary step before any diagnostic laboratory test, will be a major breakthrough.

11 cases of Kawasaki's disease were studied: the patients originated from Toscana and had at least 5 to 6 of the major criteria established by the Japanese Committee for Research to diagnose Kawasaki's disease. No toxic or infectious agents could be identified. We believe, like many other authors, that the responsible agent must be searched for in the patient's environment. Genetic predisposition also plays an important role, as demonstrated in the Japanese population. Our study of 9 patients yielded no conclusive results concerning the role of genetic factors. Only a study involving a much greater number of patients could establish whether genetics plays a major role in the development of the disease.