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Social media can provide a tool for nursing students to consolidate their formal and informal learning experiences. The objective of this study was to explore what drives nursing students’ decisions to use social media in their formal and informal learning. This study surveyed 220 nursing students at one Ontario School of Nursing. IBM SPSS (v. 24) was used to calculate frequency counts, Chi-Square Tests for Independence, and Spearman Correlations. A modified directed content analysis was conducted on the open-ended response data. Numerous drivers affect nursing students’ decisions to use social media for learning purposes. These include: 1) their nursing programs; 2) their professors’ attitudes towards social media; 3) their age and perceived levels of experience using social media; 4) the convenience of accessing learning content online; and 5) barriers like privacy, quality and reliability of social media-based learning content, and the potential for distraction. As a result of these findings, there is a strong rationale to further explore the ways in which social media can be used in both formal and informal nursing education.

Background: Social accountability (SA), as defined by Boelen and Heck, is the obligation of medical schools to address the needs of communities through education, research and service activities. While SA is embedded within health profession education frameworks in medicine, they are rarely taught within graduate-level (MSc/PhD) education. Methods: As these programs train future medical researchers, we invited first-year graduate students enrolled in a mandatory professionalism class at our institution (n = 111) to complete a survey on their perceptions of the importance of SA in their research, training, and future careers. Results: Over 80% (n = 87) of respondents agreed that SA is relevant and felt committed to integrating it into their future research activities, only a limited number of students felt confident and/or supported in their abilities to integrate SA into their research. Conclusions: Specific SA training in graduate education is necessary for students to effectively incorporate elements of SA into their research, and as such support the SA mandates of their training institutions. We posit that awareness of SA principles formalizes the professional standards for biomedical researchers and is thus foundational for developing a professionalism curriculum in graduate education programs in medicine. We propose an expansion of the World Health Organization (WHO) partnership pentagon to include partners within the research ecosystem (funding partners, certification bodies) that collaborate with biomedical researchers to make research socially accountable.

Dans un contexte de redéfinition des normes sociétales autour des violences interpersonnelles et des rôles familiaux, cet article questionne la possibilité et les modalités d’une recatégorisation du parent maltraitant dans des témoignages anonymes publiés sur le compte Instagram francophone Parents toxiques. L’utilisation de termes alternatifs tels que « génitrice » et « géniteur » est marginale dans les témoignages, ce qui suggère des freins à la renomination du parent maltraitant et interroge l’agentivité du sujet dans sa renégociation du rapport au parent ; il s’agit alors de caractériser les dynamiques linguistiques de déstabilisation de la dénomination mère/père/parents. L’étude est organisée en trois parties : nous rendons compte des enjeux méthodologiques qui sous‑tendent la construction du corpus dans le cadre d’une sémantique située ; nous caractérisons ensuite le potentiel discursif des noms de parenté mère et père au moyen d’une analyse de leur argumentation interne ; enfin, nous proposons un continuum des procédés de déstabilisation de la catégorisation du parent par le biais d’une analyse sémantico‑discursive. Nous concevons la renomination comme un acte performatif qui déstabilise une dénomination établie et marque une renégociation du rapport à l’objet, mais n’est pas nécessairement voué à aboutir ou à se stabiliser.

Au Québec, l’intérêt pour le génie végétal (i.e. l’utilisation de végétaux vivants pour lutter contre l’érosion) sur les berges de cours d’eau est croissant, malgré les contraintes particulières comme la glace, une forte présence du batillage ou les argiles sensibles. Cet article vise à identifier les freins et les leviers pour une plus grande utilisation du génie végétal au Québec, en se basant sur un atelier qui a réuni en octobre 2022 une trentaine d’intervenants du domaine. Quatre types de freins ont été identifiés : ceux liés 1) à la gouvernance institutionnelle et à la réglementation (par exemple, la complexité de certains règlements et leurs changements constants) ; 2) à la perception et à l’acceptabilité des ouvrages (ainsi, leur mise en place remet en cause certains usages et le droit de propriété) ; 3) à la gestion d’un projet et à sa temporalité (par exemple, la conciliation des calendriers liés à la faune piscicole et à la période de croissance des boutures) ; et enfin, 4) au manque de connaissances et de formation (comme l’illustre par exemple le cloisonnement entre les connaissances en écologie et en génie). Si des leviers ont été identifiés pour chacun de ces freins, des leviers plus globaux ont également été ciblés, comme le développement d’une communauté de praticiens fédérant un collectif motivé, ou encore l’écriture d’un guide technique et réglementaire qui pourrait servir de référence de base pour la diffusion de ces techniques.

Le génie végétal est une technique qui se base sur l’utilisation de végétaux vivants et de leurs propriétés mécaniques ou biologiques pour assurer certaines fonctionnalités. En ville, il peut être utilisé comme une alternative au génie civil pour la stabilisation des berges, la protection contre les inondations et le contrôle de l'érosion. Bien que fournissant de nombreux bénéfices écologiques et sociaux, son utilisation reste encore marginale dans l’aménagement des berges, de surcroît en zone urbaine. Dans cet article, nous questionnons les freins et les leviers pour une utilisation plus large du génie végétal en ville, en nous focalisant sur les perceptions qu’en ont les praticiens (recueillies à travers des entretiens semi-directifs), et les usagers (recueillies à travers une enquête par photo-questionnaire), en relation avec les services écosystémiques rendus par le génie végétal. Nos résultats montrent que selon les praticiens, plus qu’un changement technique, le recours au génie végétal nécessite un changement de paradigme de gestion, à travers une redéfinition de la performance, une meilleure acceptation et partage du risque et un changement de posture professionnelle. Les usagers, quant à eux, accueillent plutôt positivement ces techniques, notamment du fait de leur valeur esthétique, mais expriment tout de même certaines réticences liées à la valeur récréative des berges et au sentiment de vulnérabilité en cas de crue. Le premier type de réticence peut être en partie levé en ménageant, au moment de l’installation des ouvrages, des accès physiques et visuels au cours d’eau ainsi qu’en instaurant un entretien régulier de la végétation. Le second suppose de poursuivre les travaux sur les risques liés à la déstabilisation de ces ouvrages, tant sur le plan physique que sur le plan de son acceptation sociale.

La pandémie de la COVID-19 a entraîné la mise en place de plusieurs mesures sociosanitaires. À notre connaissance, aucune recension des écrits ne s’est intéressée aux impacts de ces mesures sur le fonctionnement cognitif et la capacité à réaliser des activités du quotidien, notamment chez les personnes aînées vivant avec un trouble neurocognitif (TNC). Le but de cette étude de portée est donc d’explorer les impacts de l’isolement social prolongé, causé par la COVID-19, sur le fonctionnement cognitif et la capacité à réaliser les activités du quotidien des personnes aînées vivant avec un TNC. L’étude de portée utilisant la méthode de Arksey et O’Malley a été réalisée dans cinq banques de données (MedLine, APA PsycInfo, Cinahl, AgeLine et Abstract in Social Gerontology), à partir de 22 mots clés. Les 31 articles inclus dans cette étude de portée montrent une augmentation du déclin cognitif général (n = 23 ; 74,2 %), de même qu’une diminution de la capacité à réaliser les activités du quotidien (n = 20 ; 64,5 %), principalement au niveau des loisirs (n = 7 ; 22,6 %) et des soins personnels (n = 6 ; 19,3 %). Ces impacts sont dus à une diminution des opportunités de stimulation cognitive consécutive à l’isolement social prolongé et à l’interruption des services de santé et de soutien offerts à cette clientèle. Il importe de développer et de mettre en place des interventions permettant de prévenir les pertes cognitives et la capacité à réaliser les activités du quotidien dans l’éventualité où un isolement social prolongé serait imposé, afin de favoriser le bien-être de cette clientèle. ---- Public health measures were implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. To our knowledge, no literature review has focused on the impacts of these measures on cognitive functioning, nor on the realization of activities in older adults living with a neurocognitive disorder (NCD). Hence, this scoping review explores the impacts of prolonged periods of social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on cognitive functioning in older adults living with a NCD and their ability to carry out daily activities. From 22 keywords, 31 articles were retrieved from five electronic databases. Results: Most of the participants in the included studies were living with a NCD (n = 24; 77.4%). Evidence suggests that a decrease in cognitive stimulation opportunities, an augmentation of periods of social isolation, and an interruption of healthcare services and support generate a general cognitive decline (n = 23; 74.2%), as well as an augmentation of difficulties performing daily activities (n = 20; 64.5%), mainly leisure activities (n = 7; 22.6%) and personal care (n = 6; 19.3%). The results of the present study show the importance of developing and implementing alternatives that will prevent cognitive loss and the realization of activities if another prolonged period of social isolation is imposed.

At a time when there is growing consensus in international policy-making about the urge to act on climate change, debate continues to rage over the approach and mechanisms to adopt for implementing the ecological transition. The events of 2022, including the rising number of environmental disasters during the summer, have served as a wake-up call, heightening the sense of urgency. But ecological transition is a complex matter, raising issues that involve more than just environmental and climate challenges. It is also vital to look at how such a transition interacts with the fight against inequalities, the realities of crises and geopolitical relationships, and the specific growth — or degrowth — model that we collectively wish to put in place.

Cet article s’intéresse aux actes de condamnation de l’être (Laforest & Moïse 2013) dans le contexte de l’interaction parent-enfant, adressés par le parent maltraitant à son enfant et rapportés par cette dernière ou ce dernier dans des témoignages anonymes publiés sur le compte Instagram francophone Parents toxiques. L’étude porte sur un échantillon de dix témoignages publiés entre mai 2020 et juillet 2021. L’objectif est, d’une part, de caractériser les modalités du traitement de l’altérité qui contribuent à une perception de l’interaction comme inappropriée ou maltraitante; d’autre part, d’interroger si le rapport d’autorité constitutif de l’interaction parent-enfant est perturbé dans et par les actes de condamnation de l’être, et si oui, comment. À cette fin, l’étude s’organise en trois temps: le premier volet explicite la méthodologie d’identification et d’analyse des actes de condamnation rapportés; le deuxième met en évidence les ressorts discursifs des actes de condamnation de l’être rapportés par les autrices et l’auteur des témoignages; le dernier volet s’attache à caractériser les motifs qui sous-tendent la construction de l’être comme fautif, et les implications de ceux-ci en termes de rapport de places. Les analyses menées montrent que la condamnation de l’être puise sa force pragmatique dans sa légitimation, construite en discours et interaction, par l’appui sur des normes présentées comme universelles et la mise en saillance du préjudice causé par l’autre. Construire l’être comme fautif consiste, à différents degrés, à essentialiser et rétrograder l’autre ainsi qu’à faire un amalgame entre sa valeur intrinsèque et sa valeur pour soi.

The Deffend Hydrogeological Experimental Site (HES), near Poitiers, has been the site of numerous studies that have shown that the Bajocian and Aalenian limestones were modified by the horizontal development of multiple karstification planes. These investigations have demonstrated the occurrence of stacked circulation. The origin of the structures that generated these sub-horizontal flows has not been specifically explained. Geophysical investigations were conducted at the site, both at the surface (3D seismic) and in wells (vertical seismic profile (PSV) and acoustic logging). Comparison of the geophysical data, mainly acoustic logs, and a stratigraphic interpretation of cuttings and borehole wall imaging makes it possible to propose a coherent karstogenesis scheme that does not involve tectonic constraints. This article offers an explanation based on gaps recorded in the sequence of Dogger deposits. The karstogenic horizons are linked to sedimentary discontinuities that geologists have identified on the Poitou threshold.

Nous analysons les correspondances phonèmes-graphèmes dans un corpus de près de 12 000 dictées produites lors d’un championnat d’orthographe. Cette analyse montre qu’en fin de scolarité primaire, les élèves maitrisent bien ces correspondances, le pourcentage des écarts, calculé sur le nombre de phonèmes, étant toujours inférieur à 1 %. Cela ne veut pas dire qu’ils écrivent selon la norme orthographique, mais qu’ils utilisent bien les graphèmes-cibles correspondant aux phonèmes-sources. Si le français était une langue transparente comme l’italien ou le finnois, les élèves seraient des champions en orthographe. Notre attention se porte également sur trois règles spécifiques de l’écrit qui concernent la combinaison des graphèmes : n qui devient m devant b ou p dans les voyelles nasales, q+u et la transcription du phonème /ε/ en syllabe écrite fermée. Si les deux premières sont bien maitrisées, c’est moins le cas du phonème /ε/. Que ce soit pour les correspondances phonèmes-graphèmes ou les règles spécifiques qui gouvernent l’écrit, les achoppements se condensent autour de certains mots, plus rares, qui semblent ne pas faire partie du lexique mental des élèves.

The process of accommodating or adapting to the needs and knowledge of our interlocutor in a conversation is called audience design (Clark & Murphy, 1982; Clark, 1996; Galati & Brennan, 2010). We also speak of perspective taking since interlocutors have to take into account the perspective of their interlocutor when they formulate their statements (Brown-Schmidt & Heller, 2018). To understand when and how the interlocutors use audience design means to understand how speakers take into account information that they believe they share with their interlocutor, in other words their common ground. Audience design implies the distinction between what is part of the common ground (ie, the information shared with a particular interlocutor and mutually recognized as such; Clark, 1996), and what is part of the private knowledge (ie, privileged ground) specific to each speaker and unknown to the interlocutor. The common ground includes contextual knowledge (on the current physical context or related to previous conversational exchanges) and encyclopedic knowledge (such as knowledge shared by a specific community, e.g., the residents of Aix-en-Provence) shared by the speaker and the listener and recognized by the two interlocutors to be known by each of them (Clark & Marshall, 1981). Thus, the information shared or not shared by the interlocutors at one point in the conversation would determine the type of expressions or utterances used by the speaker for his/her interlocutor. While it is clear that speakers and listeners adapt their linguistic behavior to their interlocutor in order to avoid and resolve situations of incomprehension, to what extent, and in which situation, audience design is involved is still a question under debate. In other words, when, and how, do we take into account the perspective of our interlocutor when we choose particular linguistic forms (e.g., referential expressions, prosodic forms)? The aim of this article is to frame the studies we conducted at the LPL as part of this debate. Several audience design models have been proposed in psycholinguistics (e.g., collaborative model, egocentric model, interactive alignment model, dual processing model, probabilistic model, memory-based model) to account for the idea that speakers would not do inferences about the knowledge of their interlocutor continuously. These models diverge on the hypothesis of a more or less systematic use of the common ground in the implementation of audience design. While the collaborative model (Clark, 1996) considers conversation as a constant and joint contribution of the speaker and the listener to the common ground, suggesting a continuous engagement of the audience design in conversation, other models focus on the more or less speaker’s egocentric behavior and on the use of less-demanding automatic mechanisms. The main criticism against the collaborative model challenges the fact that perspective taking via the common ground would require a distinct and cognitively costly representation of knowledge, beliefs and intentions of the interlocutor. The processing costs of such a system would be too high to allow a smooth conversation. The egocentric (e.g., Keysar et al., 2000), interactive alignment (e.g., Pickering & Garrod 2004), probabilistic (e.g., Brown-Schmidt & Hanna, 2011), and memory-based (e.g., Horton & Gerring, 2005) models aim to take into consideration this cognitive cost. The dual processing model (e.g., Bard et al., 2000) attempts to reconcile collaborative and egocentric models by proposing two types of cognitive processes that prevail for linguistic choices: the production of referential expressions that requires making inferences about the knowledge of the interlocutor would involve slow and cognitively demanding processes, while the production of phonetic variations that refers to the speaker’s own recent experience would result from more automatic and rapid processes. At the same time as updating these models, several studies have identified speaker-internal constraints (e.g., memory, executive control, theory of mind) and situational constrains (e.g., visual context) which are likely to influence the involvement of design audience. Except for the dual processing model of Bard et al., models of audience design are mainly based on studies focusing either on the way speakers produce referential forms when referring to the same object at different times and/or with different addresses, or on the way listeners interpret referential forms online, as measured by the monitoring of eye movements (e.g., Keysar et al., 2000). Unlike these studies, our approach consists in studying the prosodic choices (i.e., the melodic and rhythmic choices) the speaker makes during conversation according to the presence of an interlocutor and the knowledge of this interlocutor.The aim of the current article is to describe: (1) the main psycholinguistic models contributing to understand when and how audience design takes place during conversation, and (2) to highlight the work we developed at the LPL in which we adopt a clinical approach to the study of audience design by evaluating the prosodic choices made by individuals with schizophrenia in relation to their difficulties in attributing mental states to others. More generally, our work with healthy participant shows that speakers 1) make different prosodic choices to indicate the relevant part of their message when speaking in the presence of a real interactional partner and when speaking without interlocutor 2) adapt their overall prosody relative to the visual context they share with the interlocutor to facilitate communication.

With rapid globalization, local languages give way to English as the only international language. Despite the principles of multilingualism and multiculturalism declared by all members of the European Union, the number of people speaking minority languages is decreasing. National languages also become affected. This applies fully to what is happening in Russia, including Udmurtia. The section of the paper “Journey to multilingualism (from the Udmurt language to multilingual education at Udmurt State University)” describes how research in network interaction associated with the promotion of multilingualism in the education system developed. Long practical experience shows that a serious problem for teaching native and foreign languages is the lack of integration, which serves as the basis for multilingual education. With integration, it takes less time to learn a new language compared to the previous one. Researchers believe linguistics to be the weakest link in the resource provision of multilingual education (co-learning of languages and related cultures). To resolve this issue, Udmurt State University conducts innovative practice-oriented typological studies of multi-system languages: local (Udmurt, Tatar and Russian) and foreign (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Finnish, Hungarian, Chinese, Serbian, Polish and Czech). The research resulted in theses and monographs investigating ancient and modern languages, as well as multilingual dictionaries and textbooks focused on multilingualism, which are used to teach languages and cultures. Journey to multilingualism involves reflection about the life of people and languages in different eras. What does „mother tongue‟ mean? Which language to choose? Why learn languages? Should we purify languages? And so on. Many questions do not have the right answer. Nowadays, it is especially important to be aware of the rapidly changing language situation in the world. Not only the future of minority languages in Russia, but also the future of the Russian language itself, the language that unites both different ethnic groups living the country and the peoples of the neighboring states is giving serious cause for concern. One thing is definitely clear: the diversity of languages and cultures is the only way for the intellectual and emotional development of humanity.

Background: Patient involvement in postgraduate medical education (PGME) can help residents improve their communication, professionalism, and collaboration. The CanMEDS Framework defines such competencies for physicians and informs teaching and assessment activities in PGME. However, it is unclear how patients are referenced in the CanMEDS Framework and if these references encourage the active involvement of patients in PGME. To inform how patients are referenced in the revisions of the CanMEDS Framework, scheduled for publication in 2025, our aim was to determine how patients are referenced in each the 2005 and 2015 CanMEDS Frameworks. Methods: We used document analysis to examine how the term ‘patient(s)’ is referenced in the 2005 and 2015 CanMEDS Frameworks. Results: Several 2005 and 2015 CanMEDS Roles include patients in the descriptions but do not reference them in the competencies. Others do not reference patients in the descriptions or competencies, potentially detracting from the importance of involving patients. As it stands, the 2015 Health Advocate is the only Role that describes and references patients working with physicians as partners in care, facilitating potential opportunities for patient involvement in PGME. Conclusion: There are inconsistencies in how patients are described and referenced as potential partners in PGME throughout past and present CanMEDS Frameworks. Understanding these inconsistencies can inform the revision of CanMEDS that is scheduled for publication in 2025.

Two nearly complete translations of Spinoza’s works were published in 19th century France. Their philosophical choices refract the intellectual conflicts of the period. Saisset’s Cousinian spiritualism confronts Prat’s materialist and republican interpretation.

Resenha de: KELLER, Candace. Imaging Culture: Photography in Mali, West Africa. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2021. 453 p.

A proposta do artigo é elaborar a noção de (d)escrição autoetnográfica sensória para experimentar possibilidades de acesso ao presente da cena no suporte escrito. Utiliza-se a abordagem da antropologia da arte e dos estudos da performance na análise de três escritas poéticas e dos sensos agenciados a partir da experiência na audiência dos espetáculos Caprichosa voz que vem do pensamento, de Aderbal Freire Filho, Maria Alice Poppe e Tato Taborda, Casa de especiarias,da Terpsí Teatro de Dança, dirigido por Carlota Albuquerque e de um vídeo de dança da bailarina Marcela Reichelt. Conclui-se que a (d)escrição autoetnográfica como forma textual é um modo de presentificar a cena e ilustra novas perspectivas na qual a experiência pessoal está inscrita.

The goal of this article is to develop the notion of sensory autoethnographic (d)escription to experience possibilities of making the scene present through writing. The article draws on anthropology of art and performance studies to analyze three poetic writings and the mediated senses based on the experience of seeing the shows Caprichosa voz que vem do pensamento, by Aderbal Freire Filho, Maria Alice Poppe and Tato Taborda, Casa de especiarias, by Terpsí Teatro de Dança, directed by Carlota Albuquerque, and a dance video by the dancer Marcela Reichelt. It is concluded that autoethnographic (d)escription as a writing genre is a means of making the scene present and illustrates new perspectives in which the personal experience is inscribed.

Trade unions produce, preserve and disseminate images of the labour market and of the workers they defend and whose collective memory they safeguard. By studying the photographic archives of the Landesverband, a major railway workers' union in Luxembourg, this article aims to give an account of the reasons for and methods of producing and disseminating trade union iconography relating to the railway sector. This study is all the more relevant in that the union and its visual relationship with railway workers are currently being renewed, at a time when photographic collections are being digitised, web 2.0 is burgeoning and projects are underway to write history and make railway workers' memories part of the common cultural heritage.

Since its inception at the end of the 19th century, the diagnosis of psychopathy has carried with it negative representations tending to disqualify from the outset the persons thus designated. Dangerous, perverse, manipulative: in the eyes of doctors, the psychopath is a lucid and unamenable “half-crazy” person who does not belong in a psychiatric hospital. However, the identity confinement resulting from such considerations opens a real field of confrontation. The files of patients at the Cery Hospital, near Lausanne, reveal the struggles of some inmates to assert their identity and maintain control over their existence. A ground-level history of “ordinary” psychopathic figures, far from the famous cases, reveals the gap that can exist between representations and concrete files, but also the weight of the diagnosis on the evaluation of lives and individual trajectories.

Sans résumé.

Background: Patients/caregivers can be actively involved in the education of healthcare providers (HCPs). The purpose of this study was to explore patients'/caregivers' perspectives on their involvement and roles in the education of HCPs. Methods: We invited patients/caregivers to participate in one-on-one semi-structured interviews. We analyzed the interview data using conventional content analysis to identify themes. Results: In terms of patient/caregiver involvement in the education of HCPs, we identified that patients/caregivers perceive that it: (a) is challenging because of power-differentials between themselves and HCPs; (b) requires patient training; (c) needs to start early in HCPs’ education processes; (d) can improve patient-HCP partnerships, and (e) requires compensation for patients. With regards to the roles that patients can play in educating HCPs, we found that patients/caregivers want to: (a) teach HCPs about patients’ expectations, experiences and perspectives through case studies, storytelling, and educational research; (b) provide direct feedback to HCPs, and (c) advise on curricula development and admission boards for HCPs. Conclusions: Understanding patients’/caregivers’ perspectives on this topic can help educational leaders and HCPs improve active patient/caregiver involvement in the education of HCPs. We need to listen to patients’/caregivers’ voices in order to make effective changes in current and future health professions education.

The stateness of the police institution is often assumed by social scientists. This article attempts to show that making that stateness uncertain may contribute to a renewal of the sociology of the State. Based on a fieldwork led on a French police internal affairs device, this article shows that its investigations concerning acts of violence and acts of what we will call “misuse of police authority” uncover the boundaries of police discretion. The analysis of the distribution of sanctions by police internal affairs units permits the author to explore a sociology of trials in the State, that is to say of moments in which police stateness is experienced.

This paper provides an introduction to the contributions presented in this thematic issue dedicated to the spatial humanities. Three main themes are addressed: (1) the processing of spatial information in textual corpora resulting from work in the human and social sciences, mainly in literary studies; (2) problems of acquisition, spatialisation and dissemination of geographical data of the past and from cultural heritage, thus, here, more connected with research in history; (3) spatial information and its processing and uses in archaeology. For each of these topics, we present the founding initiatives with historiographical elements, a brief status quaestionis and a synthesis of the contributions.

Resilience is an issue of increasing importance to city managers and policymakers. The idea first emerged in the scientific world and was then taken up by psychologists and ecologists to describe the ability to resist unforeseen events and return to a pre-event state. Since the turn of the millennium, many major cities are increasingly adopting resilience strategies to plan for and manage a range of risks, not only environmental but also economic, social, food security, and so on. Cities are at the center of the idea of resilience insofar as they are simultaneously part of the problem, as the major source of greenhouse gas emissions, but also potential victims of natural disasters – coastal cities are, for example, vulnerable to hurricanes and rising sea levels. Cities are also the source of future solutions, via, for instance, networks of resilient cities and their capacity to manage problems on a “human scale.” There is a measure of disagreement surrounding the term resilience, with some encouraged by its all-embracing nature and others decrying it as simply a catch-all concept. Resilience – assuming that certain strategic, holistic, durability and collaborative conditions for achieving legitimacy have been met – can, however, provide an array of new tools to help foster the emergence of the sustainable and enduring city of tomorrow.

Cet article fait le bilan de la politique linguistique menée depuis 25 ans en Belgique francophone au sujet de la féminisation des noms de professions. Après un historique des mesures institutionnelles prises en Francophonie nord, nous nous intéressons aux réactions virulentes qu’ont suscitées les prises de position officielles. Nous mettons en évidence l’argumentaire des opposants qui relève de la politique linguistique ainsi que les conditions favorables aux changements des pratiques. Parmi celles-ci, on trouve la publication de guides qui informent les citoyens. Nous abordons enfin le problème de l’écriture dite inclusive.

Le cheminement prévu pour le doctorat réseau amène certaines contraintes à l’étudiant-chercheur qui souhaiterait opter pour une recherche participative, notamment la recherche-action. Cet article fait état de la réflexion amorcée lors de mon cheminement doctoral concernant la méthodologie et m’ayant mené vers la création d’un modèle hybride. Ce modèle hybride s’inspire en partie du « proactive model research » proposé par Schmuck (2006) ainsi que du modèle proposé par Guay et Prud’homme (2011).

Sans résumé.

Does Lucretius develop a conception of history, either as a theory of progress or as a theory of decadence? In fact, the passages where he talks about the past periods of Nature and successive human inventions are rather a reflection on the present and on the series of facts, signs and monuments that now affect our bodies.

Adopting a socio-historical approach, this article aims to draw attention to the continuities and discontinuities that can be observed in the penal treatment of people categorized as “psychopathic delinquents”. The problem posed by their internment in appropriate areas remained a subject of debate throughout the 20th century in Switzerland and was never really resolved. In the Canton of Vaud, one penal farm colony was used for about 50 years to punish and re-educate these individuals through labor. An in-depth examination of the archives allows us to immerse ourselves in the socio-economic life of this institution, to which the inmates contributed fully. After many years of use as a place of correction and assistance, Prés-Neufs became a remand prison in 1983. Thirty years later, plans to create a medico-social establishment on the site were abandoned in favour of Curabilis, a Geneva prison-hospital more in line with the renewed emphasis on security prevailing at the time.

This paper proposes to reconsider the many illusions surrounding apprenticeship-based vocational training, or its mirages (Gilles Moreau). Apprenticeship, with its supposedly glorious past (Compagnonnage), is said to be a coherent entity accessible to the greatest number of people, which would resolve all the issues relating to the integration of young people. The reality is more complex, and its apprehension will be made through the analysis of two promotion campaigns, one in France focused on apprenticeship in companies (Arnaud Pierrel), the other in Switzerland devoted to higher vocational training (Nadia Lamamra & Barbara Duc). The article taken as a whole emphasizes the way apprenticeship is presented (or staged) in order to promote the vocational track.

An interdisciplinary project regarding the effect of ascorbic acid on bread dough's physico-chemical properties was proposed to bachelor students in chemistry and food sciences. Such an approach was proposed to develop both scientific and soft skills, in order to prepare students for their future working environment. Together, students deepened their knowledge regarding food science and chemistry. They were then able to plan and design experiments demonstrating the impact of gluten network formation and ascorbic acid influence onto bread dough and finished product characteristics. This way of teaching was very appreciated by students, nevertheless it highlighted the fact that the professors' investment was considerably high, and that good organization, alignment and preparation prior to the start of this project is key.

Le partage de l’eau abordé dans cet article se concentre principalement sur le système Durance-Verdon alimentant directement la concession régionale de la Société du Canal de Provence. Ces rivières constituent également les principales ressources en eau superficielles de la Provence. Le système est composé d’infrastructures hydrauliques importantes : d’abord de stockage sur la Durance amont (Serre-Ponçon) et sur le Verdon amont (Castillon et Sainte-Croix), ensuite de transfert vers le reste de la Région, notamment sur les zones littorales méditerranéennes fortement peuplées. Les grandes retenues en amont du bassin sont en grande partie sous la concession d’EDF, la SCP étant concessionnaire du canal de Provence, dont les ressources en eau sont principalement issues du Verdon. La SCP a la responsabilité de l’acheminement et de la distribution des eaux dans toute la Région PACA jusque dans les Alpes-Maritimes. Dans sa gestion quotidienne de la ressource en eau, la SCP veille à une gestion rationnelle de la ressource et est tournée vers l’économie d’eau afin de se prémunir au mieux du changement climatique et de ses incertitudes.