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Research Framework: Childhood cancer relapse requires new meanings and new strategies for the family to cope with this phase. The way men deal with situations of childhood illness is influenced by social norms, beliefs, and cultural values. Therefore, medical anthropology and masculinities were chosen as theoretical frameworks of this study. Objectives: This article examines the experiences of fathers of children with cancer relapse. Methodology: Narrative research conducted with 13 Brazilian fathers. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, using a semi-structured script and then processed through inductive thematic analysis. Results: A thematic narrative synthesis was elaborated: “Good days, bad days: oscillating between the resignation of death and the hope of healing”. The news of the relapse in conjunction with the child’s signs of clinical worsening brought the fathers closer to the limits of treatment and the finitude of life, although they also presented with hope for a cure. As a result, fathers wavered between building emotion-centred strategies and adopting life-engaging behaviours and strategies. In addition to maintaining hope, fathers mobilized the following resources: religion, spirituality, and emotional and instrumental support. Conclusion: Culture, especially masculinities, influence and is influenced by fathers’ experiences throughout a child’s cancer relapse. Contribution: A better understanding of the particularities of men’s experiences facilitates the development of father-specific interventions. Palliative care can benefit fathers by helping them become aware of finitude and begin a process anticipatory mourning, which contributes to making sense of the experience and coming to terms with possible death.

Introduction : Une grossesse sur cinq ne se rend pas à terme au Canada et ce type de perte est une expérience douloureuse pour les parents. Les chercheurs qui se sont intéressés au vécu de ces familles endeuillées décrivent des interventions à privilégier, mais en les généralisant à l’ensemble des populations touchées par ce phénomène. Or, l’expérience spécifique des parents immigrants est peu étudiée. Par conséquent, leurs besoins sont méconnus et les interventions de soutien et d’accompagnement à leur endroit sont peu développées et personnalisées. Objectifs : Cette étude vise à décrire l’expérience, à travers le parcours de soins, de parents immigrants ayant vécu un décès périnatal. En deuxième lieu, elle vise à décrire leurs besoins. Méthode : Une recherche de type qualitative descriptive, par l’entremise d’entretiens semi-dirigés, a permis de rencontrer 18 parents immigrants ayant vécu un décès périnatal dans les 5 dernières années et vivant dans 3 régions différentes du Québec (Canada). Résultats : L’analyse de leur expérience fait émerger 3 thèmes : une méconnaissance du réseau de la santé, l’importance des soins personnalisés et un isolement teinté par le parcours migratoire. Discussion et conclusion : L’expérience d’avoir vécu un décès périnatal comporte des spécificités propres à la communauté immigrante. Les parents issus de cette communauté vivent des défis plus marqués considérant le contexte d’immigration. Des recommandations cliniques simples pourraient permettre de reconnaître leur expérience particulière liée à leur vécu de parent immigrant. Il incombe de personnaliser les soins qui leur seront offerts.

Introduction: Miscarriage is common, occurring in nearly 20% of pregnancies. Most women experiencing symptoms such as bleeding or abdominal pain in early pregnancy consult emergency services, the front line of care. While research has shown the psychological and physical effects of miscarriage on women, less is known about how emergency services are organized to manage their care. Objective: To describe and analyze the organization of emergency services for women experiencing miscarriage. Methods: A multiple case study was conducted in four emergency rooms in Quebec, Canada, between 2014 and 2015. A reference framework setting out an organized system of action in care adapted to emergency services was used to analyze 198 medical records of women who experienced miscarriage and were treated in these emergency rooms. Results: From the analysis, observations were made regarding the accessibility, responsiveness, and productivity of emergency services, as well as deficiencies in care continuity. While medical treatments generally corresponded to standards, system responsiveness was poor, with long waits that may have added to women’s psychological distress. Gaps were observed in care continuity, effectiveness, and quality, including missing notes in charts, high readmission rates, and lack of referrals to relevant psychosocial and other support services. Discussion and conclusion: Recommendations include developing clinical guidelines, care trajectories, and checklists for nurses’ clinical assessments. As well, early pregnancy assessment clinics are an innovative care delivery model that has proven effective in reducing admissions, shortening hospitalizations, and providing comprehensive support services.

Les effets d’un décès périnatal ont été largement documentés, mais on a rarement proposé un regard englobant sur le décès périnatal comme point de jonction temporelle à partir duquel bifurquent le parcours de vie des personnes touchées. L’approche processuelle permet de complexifier l’examen de la fausse couche en introduisant une conception « épaisse » de la temporalité, et d’examiner des phénomènes qui ont été jusqu’ici perçus indépendamment les uns des autres. Des entrevues semi-structurées ont été menées auprès de 48 femmes du Québec ayant vécu une fausse couche précoce. Une analyse thématique a permis de dégager quatre sphères touchées par cette bifurcation : 1. (para)professionnelle ; 2. conjugale ; 3. parentale ; 4. existentielle. L’analyse a permis ainsi de dégager les contours de la bifurcation générée par la fausse couche, en termes d’imprévisibilité, d’irréversibilité et de contagion, et de mettre en lumière les différents enchevêtrements qui sous-tendent cette bifurcation.

Stemming from a critical reflexion on the concept of disenfranchised grief (DG), this article examines the way (non) acknowledgement unfolds in the context of perinatal death/grief, along spatial and temporal lines. It was shown that acknowledgment tends to decrease as we move along the temporal axis (i.e. the further away we move from the time of the perinatal death), and as we move along the spatial axis (i.e. more homogeneous in the medical sphere, less so in the family and social sphere, and often absent in the professional sphere). (Non) acknowledgment is neither monolithic, nor binary or static. Tangibility, social scripts and the relationship to the emotions of other are three notions that have been found to help us make sense of these results.

Introduction : Le nombre d’enfants chez lesquels on diagnostique un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) grimpe rapidement depuis une décennie. L’étiologie de ce trouble est toutefois en grande partie inconnue, même si la contribution de l’environnement est importante par rapport à celle de la génétique. Nous avons procédé à une étude de délimitation pour évaluer en détail l’état actuel des connaissances sur les facteurs environnementaux présents depuis le stade de la préconception jusqu’au début de la vie que l’on associe au TSA et pour dégager les lacunes de la recherche. Méthodologie : Nous avons cherché dans les bases de données électroniques MEDLINE, PsycINFO et ERIC des articles portant sur des facteurs de risque potentiels ou des facteurs de protection des environnements physiques et sociaux associés au TSA et à ses sous-catégories entre le 1er janvier 2003 et le 12 juillet 2013. Nous avons regroupé les articles en thèmes généraux en fonction de l’exposition environnementale : facteurs chimiques, physiologiques, nutritionnels et sociaux. Résultats : Nous avons trouvé plus de 50 000 publications, mais après élimination des études inadmissibles il est resté 315 articles. La plupart de ces études portaient sur les facteurs psychologiques, suivis de près par les facteurs chimiques et, à un degré beaucoup moindre, les facteurs nutritionnels et sociaux associés au TSA. En dépit d’une masse importante de publications et de nombreuses études hétérogènes, quelques facteurs de risque se sont démarqués régulièrement : facteurs chimiques comme les polluants atmosphériques causés par la circulation; facteurs physiologiques, dont l’âge avancé des parents, les naissances prématurées, l’insuffisance de poids à la naissance, l’hyperbilirubinémie et les grappes de complications de la grossesse et enfin le statut de la mère vis-à-vis de l’immigration. En dépit de recherches poussées sur les vaccins, les faits révèlent de façon écrasante que rien n’appuie l’existence d’un lien avec le TSA. Conclusion : Le manque d’uniformité, de temporalité et de spécificité des liens entre les facteurs environnementaux et le TSA demeure l’obstacle le plus important dans l’établissement de liens de cause à effet. Une recherche plus robuste s’impose pour supprimer le manque d’uniformité dans les publications. Les recherches futures devraient porter sur des mécanismes sous-jacents des liens entre facteurs de risque que nous avons identifiés et le TSA.

The number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been rapidly rising in the past decade. The etiology of this disorder, however, is largely unknown, although the environmental relative to the genetic contribution is substantial. We conducted a scoping review to comprehensively assess the current state of knowledge of the environmental factors present from preconception to early life associated with ASD, and to identify research gaps. Methods: We searched electronic databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO and ERIC for articles on potential risk factors or protective factors from the physical and social environments associated with ASD and its subclassifications published between 1 January, 2003, and 12 July, 2013. We categorized articles into broad themes: chemical, physiological, nutritional and social factors, based on environmental exposure. Results: We identified over 50 000 publications, but after ineligible studies were screened out, 315 articles remained. Most of these studies examined physiological factors, followed closely by chemical factors, and to a much lesser extent, nutritional and social factors, associated with ASD. Despite a vast literature and many heterogeneous studies, several risk factors emerged consistently: chemical factors such as traffic-related air pollutants; physiological factors including advanced parental age, preterm birth, low birth weight, hyperbilirubinemia and clustering of pregnancy complications; and maternal immigrant status. Despite extensive research on vaccines, findings overwhelmingly demonstrate no support for an association with ASD. Conclusion: The lack of consistency, temporality and specificity of associations between environmental factors and ASD remains the largest barrier to establishing causal relationships. More robust research is required to resolve inconsistencies in the literature. Future research should explore underlying mechanisms of associations between the risk factors that we identified and ASD.

The question is old and serious: how to get rid of flies? Several objects in the ethnobiology collection attempt to answer it through different methods that we shall hereby present. By considering fly swatters as traps, this selective inventory reflects the transition in their technical evolution and uses from an anthropocentric to a biocentric approach.

Le présent article consiste en une recension narrative des connaissances produites sur l’expérience des hommes de leur propre infertilité, afin de mieux cerner cet objet de recherche et d’identifier d’éventuelles avenues à explorer. Une recherche documentaire effectuée dans les bases de données CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycArticles, et SCOPUS a permis d’identifier, au terme d’un tri en plusieurs étapes, 15 articles pour fins d’analyse. Cinq thèmes ont émergé : la masculinité menacée, la paternité problématisée, l’agentivité déniée/revendiquée, le rapport au corps et l’expérience émotionnelle de l’infertilité. Ces résultats permettent de dégager de nouvelles avenues de recherche ou d’interventions cliniques. D’une part, une meilleure problématisation du concept d’infertilité dans laquelle il est examiné comme un processus social et temporel aux ramifications conjugales, familiales et sociales et d’autre part une approche plus holistique de l’infertilité qui prend en compte l’ensemble des composantes du vécu des hommes.

This article presents the findings of a study aimed at better understanding the perspective and experience of men who donate sperm to help others start a family. The article is based on qualitative data drawn from two collections of interviews of men who had donated sperm to lesbian couples, either as part of a pre-existing relationship with the women (n = 10) or as part of an agreement stemming from an initial contact over the Internet (n = 8). The findings suggest the need for a more nuanced conception of their participation in the family plans of others. Not only do these men view this altruistic gesture with a significant sense of accomplishment, but the chosen method of procreation is part of a consensual and transparent process that meets the needs of those involved and their respective motivations.

Cette étude a pour but d'essayer de répondre aux deux questions : - Comment évolue le comportement des roches dans les puits déviés ? - Par quels paramètres peut-on essayer de cerner ce comportement, souvent difficile à quantifier, et arriver à assurer la stabilité du puits ? Cet article propose, par ailleurs, une solution analytique au problème posé. The aim of this article is to answer the following two questions: i) How does the behavior of rocks evolve in deviated wells? ii) Through which parameters can such bevahior be anticipated in order to overcome stability problems occuring inside a well? An analytical solution is proposed to the problem.

This study is intended to describe professionals’ beliefs and perceptions with regard to their help-giving practices towards parents of young children as well as to examine the nature of the relationships between these beliefs and perceptions, and the reality of such help-giving principles and practices. A descriptive, quantitative, correlational study was carried out with 203 professionals. A model of professionals’ involvement in family care and services was unveiled. When professionals adopt empowerment principles, they tend to perceive parents more positively, and succeed in applying collaborative practice towards the parents of young children who experience vulnerable conditions such as poverty.

During the transitional period preceding parenthood, fathers have to face up to two main challenges: the development of their paternal identity, and their commitment to fatherhood. When it comes to immigrant fathers, there are added and specific, though still little known, challenges as regards the construction of their paternal identities. Objective: This comparison of the results of two qualitative studies is intended to describe the paternal commitment and the process of constructing a paternal identity, as experienced by fathers of North-African origin. Methodology: The data was gathered in the course of semi-structured interviews with six first-generation North-African fathers, immigrants to Quebec, and six second-generation North-African fathers resident in Belgium. Results: The fathers from both groups are involved with their children and have in common factors that facilitate or obstruct the construction of their paternal identities. Recommendations are made with regard to clinical practice, training and research.

This article looks at the question of the father’s place in the prenatal follow-through context and the effect this may have on his attitudes during the postnatal period. Thus, the choice of the health professional who will be monitoring the pregnancy, whether a physician or a midwife has consequences that goes beyond the delivery room, medication or even how the mother is affected ; it also impacts the development of paternal identity. We will observe how fathers see themselves and position themselves in the family cycle according to the prenatal follow-through in which they have been involved.

Few studies describe the practice of midwives as it is implemented in the Province of Quebec in Canada. Furthermore, few studies describe midwifery in relation to men as men, as spouses of mothers, and as fathers of infants. How are men and fathers present in the practices and discourses of Quebec midwives ? Based on 23 in-depth interviews of midwives working in birth centers, this study analyses their representations of fathers and of their relationship with them. Results show that midwives organize their relationships with fathers in terms of the space between and around them. There is a co-construction of space within which fathers, mothers and midwives are acting and reflecting together. The discussion underlines the outcomes of the study in terms of the conceptualization of the psychosocial aspects of the Quebec approach to the practice of midwifery.

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The issue. During the post-natal period, fathers are occupied with developing their own concept of what is meant by parental efficiency. But we have little information as to what does indeed help them develop this concept of efficiency. We also have little idea of how the initial transition to fatherhood contributes to the paternal experience. Objective. 1. To identify how first-time fathers perceive the critical events of the postnatal period. 2. To examine the contribution of such events to the construction of first-time fathers’ concept of efficiency. Method. A quantitative descriptive survey of 160 first-time fathers. Results. First-time fathers undergo a richly textured and diversified experience during those first moments of transition to fatherhood. The parental alliance and a low level of anxiety contribute to their concept of efficiency.

Copyright of Recherches Sociographiques is the property of Recherches Sociographiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Recherches Sociographiques is the property of Recherches Sociographiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Les historiens canadiens ont à peu près exclusivement traité des personnes âgées dans le cadre de travaux sur des institutions du XIXe siècle (tels les «maisons d'industrie», où les pauvres étaient accueillis et mis au travail, et les hospices) ou sur le développement des systèmes de protection sociale au XXe siècle. Dans leurs textes, les vieux apparaissent comme des personnes sans ressources, dépendant des soins et de l'aide financière d'autrui. Si les historiens débattent de l'efficacité des mesures de soutien successives du dernier siècle et demi, ils sont peu nombreux à remettre en question le postulat selon lequel, avant la mise en place des pensions de vieillesse, la majorité des personnes âgées étaient pauvres au Canada. L'auteur analyse les raisons qui ont mis les pauvres au premier plan des travaux d'histoire et soutient qu'en leur consacrant toute leur attention, les historiens ont négligé la plus grande partie de la population âgée, qui n'était ni indigente ni dépendante. Ce faisant, ils ont faussé, sans doute involontairement, l'image que nous nous faisons des personnes âgées d'autrefois et de leur rôle au sein de la société canadienne.

Since the independence of the country in 1971 and until June 2013, Qatar was ruled by two Emirs both of whom had undergo significant transformations. The aim of the paper is to understand how these transformations have been experienced, perceived and committed to memory by the Qataris. The representations born out of these were the subject of anthropological investigations that were followed-up, thereby granting the anthropologist the position of both actor and witness.Our working hypothesis is that the changes called for in the name of progress on the one hand, and the discourses on the need to uphold tradition — the tribes play their part in this — on the other hand, are constants from one emir to the other. Our paper highlights the fact that, between the two emirs (father and son), their people's assessment has a lot to do with the pace of reforms in various spheres.

In Qatar, high divorce rates are arousing government fears. This article addresses the possible causes of this social phenomenon in terms of possible implications for the family model and the various forms of matrimonial alliances. A comparative analysis of constitutional law and the jurisdictions of the Family Code shows that gender equality does not have the same incidence depending on the legal reference. The consequences of divorce mostly affect women, who have little legal competence according to the Family — and Sharia — law. These consequences allow us to emphasize divergences in a social development model promoted by the authorities, which features women’s emancipation according to an Islamic modernity that is itself a component of the neopatriarchal ideology. By focusing on the issue of divorce and the solutions provided by the government authorities, we come to understand to what extent family and religion are intertwined.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing is the property of Canadian Council of Cardiovascular Nurses (CCCN) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)