Search

Gambling and money games disorder. Pathological gambling was recently re-categorized, in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), into the group of substance-related and addictive disorders and renamed « gambling disorder ». This change confirms the conceptualization of gambling disorder as an addiction. The prevalence of this trouble has been shown to be 1.2-7.1% in the general population. The gambling disorder presents many psychiatric comorbidities and substance-related disorders. After a win phase, severe damages can occur, on the financial and psychiatric levels. Treatment is essentially based on psychotherapy and social support. There are no approved treatments for gambling disorder; pharmacotherapy may be used in combination with other therapies., Competing Interests: Les auteurs déclarent n’avoir aucun lien d’intérêts.

Background: The relationship between sleep disorders and Internet addiction has been little work. Given the importance of these disorders, we felt it appropriate to make a synthesis of available data and to establish causality or accountability between Internet addiction and the onset of sleep disorders., Methods: A literature review was then performed. We selected scientific articles in English and French, published between 1987 and 2016 by consulting the databases Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and Google Scholar. The words used alone or in combination are as follows: addiction, dependence, Internet, behavioral addiction, sleep., Results: A computer screen light inhibits melatonin secretion and acts as a real external desynchronizer circadian rhythm resulting in a withdrawal syndrome or syndrome sleep phase delay when the stress of social awakening is suppressed., Conclusion: We assume here that the specific treatment of addictive disorders have an influence on sleep disorders., (Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

The authors present a series of 1247 venous catheterizations during resuscitation, the latter being carried out under particularly strict aseptic conditions. This series contains especially: - 364 internal jugular catheterizations; - 223 subclavian catheterizations; - 130 femoral catheterizations. The total number of days of infusion is 6300, of which 3,619 were of prolonged parenteral feeding. 79.5 p. 100 of the catheters cultured proved to be sterile; in the case of those cultures which were positive, 6.5 p. 100 were due to pathogenic organisms, 13.9 p. 100 were due to saprophytes. On the whole, 7 septicemies of venous origin (0.56 p. 100 of all of the catheterizations) were observed. The détailed study of each route shows that the frequency of cultures of pathogen positive catheters is practically the same in all cases. On the other hand, the frequency of cultures of catheters positive with saprophytes is evidently higher for the internal jugular vein; this being particularly true in the male where the role of the beard as a contaminating factor is evoked. The importance of asepsis in the procedure of putting venous catheters in place and in their maintenance seems to be welle demonstrated by the results presented.

Analysis of the problems with infection in a series of 104 reinterventions, enables one to accentuate the importance of infestation from intraperitoneal foci (70 p. 100 of the cases). Extra-peritoneal entry pathways are difficult to prove. Septicemia is found in one out of every three cases. In certain cases, preventive treatment of the extra-peritoneal entry pathways must be opposed to the effectiveness of the surgical act in the eradication of septic foci.

The preparation of patients for reintervention should aim at the correction of: - states of shock and collapse, found in one out of three patients; - hydroelectrolytic disturbances (sodium depletion, hypochloremia, dyskaliemia); - and finally, re-establishment of the acid-base balance.

Anesthesia and anti-depressors have a bad name: is their reputation justified? In the opinion of the Anesthesiologist, it is justified in a large part concerning the IMAO, because there is no absolutely secure solution in large scale surgery. On the other hand, the value of accidents must be reset in its proper place. Only the hypertensive increase is very worrying, not so the drop in tension, and it is often the therapeutical gesture which induces the catastrophe. As far as the tricyles are concerned, they never lead to real problems, if we are aware of the treatment to be applied.

In a review of the classical complications of corticotherapy the aouthors tried, in the light of the literature, to take into consideration the ideas received as compared with the numerical conclusions of statistical studies on large series. Then they presented the patient treated with corticoids, faced with the surgical intervention. They tried to demonstrate that adrenal insufficiency, if present, is only exceptional and that all of the incidents, observed during and immediately after surgery must not be attributed to it.

Those are a few reflexions to be pondered by psychiatrists, to remind them what are the dangers connected with anesthesia for electroshock-therapy. Some of those risks are well-known: inhalation of gastric liquids, recess in ventilation. Others are somehow more obscure: hyperkalemia, extended curarization after injection of succinylcholine. The risk is therefore still present: to know it is to be ready to face it.