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Abstract:The concept of design thinking appeared more than 70 years ago, and it is the result of an accumulation of academic research and actual practices with continuous development. It depends on a mixture of sciences, the most important of which are architecture, engineering, humanities, and business administration. Design thinking helps to identify and study existing problems, and then develop appropriate solutions to them. Therefore, design thinking is considered a methodology through which a path or path is drawn by following it, we reach the desired solutions to the existing problem, and therefore design thinking is an effective methodology in solving design problems through its contribution to the development of creative and innovative solutions that revolve around the user and achieve a deep understanding of his needs and desires. There are different models for the design thinking methodology in terms of its construction, the number of stages, the relationship between these stages, and the naming of each stage. However, most of these models follow a similar methodological path that includes the stages of finding problems that need to be solved, defining the problem and the scope of the design, creating the prototype, and designing the product. Final feedback and feedback collection.Given the importance of the design thinking methodology in providing a basic understanding of what design is and how to do it, in addition to its contribution to finding a common language between designers and non-designers about what can be expected and what the process looks like, the researcher is looking at how to develop a design thinking methodology related to the design of product displays techniques for the benefit of industrial design designers when working in this field, especially in the Egyptian market.Research problem: The research problem is the absence of a design thinking methodology that is specifically applied in the design of product displays techniques in the field of industrial design.Research Objective: • Develop a methodology for design thinking in the field of designing product displays techniques.• Defining the role of the industrial designer in the field of designing product displays techniques.• Research hypothesis: Develop a methodology for design thinking to design product displays techniques that leads to the development of innovative, creative design solutions centered around the user through a deep understanding of his needs and desires.Research Methodology: descriptive analytical methodology

The sustainability of agricultural productivity is closely related to the optimal exploitation of natural resources, namely the efficient water resources management. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the adopted strategies and the applied practices and systems relies on a number of criteria and parameters of which water productivity indices represent the most relevant criteria. In this context, the present study aims to assess the water productivity for date palm cultivation in Tunisia based on an accurate literature review of the previously published scientific papers and reports related to the different studies carried out in these agro-oases regions of the country for the evaluation of the different indices of water productivity. This review represents the main baseline document highlighting in an exhaustive way the challenging features related to water productivity for date palm agro-systems. The outcome of this review indicates that (i) the cultivated date surface is expanding, covering more than 58.000 ha with a total production of 355.000 tons in 2021(ii) the distribution of irrigation water is variable and irregular. iii) The reported water supply for date palm range from 20,000 to 30,000 m3/ha while a number of scientific-based calculations estimate the crop water requirements for regular date palm production is between 10,000 and 18,000 m3/ha (iv) the efficiency of water conservation techniques is related to numerous in farm factors related to the old traditional surface irrigation systems, to the soil salinization, alkalization and permeability loss and to the overexploitation issues of water resources that reaching is growing and may impact the productivity of date palms and sustainability of the production system (v) the estimation of the biophysical water productivity based on the reported data reaching barely 0.66kg/m3. This overview highlights the need for an accurate evaluation of the ecological efficiency of the used management measures to a clear appreciation of the new strategies and policies to face the current constraints with regard to all different driving forces influencing water productivity both at the macro and micro scale.

Jerash Archeological Museum is located on a high hill overlooking the ancient and residential city of Jerash, Jordan. It contains a lot of organic collocations such as bones, ivory and inorganic material, including pottery, stone, glass, and metal from various periods and civilizations of Jerash since the stone age. These artifacts are exhibited in showcases or without showcases in the museum. The present research paper aims to evaluate the degrees of relative humidity, temperature, and light inside the museum and their impact on the collections. Fluctuations of temperature and humidity caused by external factors, including climate, or visitors are a serious problem for many museums. Most of the recent studies related to the conservation and protection of antiquities recommend the application of the concept of preventive conservation that includes controlling temperature and relative humidity in museums to balance relative humidity, for instance, in the surrounding environment to protect these materials. The study was carried out inside Jerash Archaeological Museum by measuring the temperature and relative humidity using Datalogger and Digital Light Meter to measure the intensity of lighting for a year from November 2019 to October 2020. The portable digital microscope was used to study the surfaces of some museum artifacts. The results indicated that the environmental conditions inside the museum are not controlled and there is a large fluctuation of the degrees of relative humidity and temperature throughout the year. The highest value of relative humidity (95.4%) was reported in January, whereas the highest value of temperature (38.4°C) was in June. Thus, some artifacts, especially the metals, were deteriorated may cause the damage of some archaeological collections, especially metals. Urgent intervention and appropriate measures must be taken to reduce the risk of these conditions to preserve these artifacts from deterioration.

هدف البحث إلى قياس تأثير الأنواع المختلفة من حرکة العين البشرية على قدرة المتعلم على اتخاذ القرار الأکاديمي وأدائهم أثناء الاختبار. واستُخلِصَت البيانات الرئيسة من مشارکِة (80) تلميذاً وتلميذة في السنة الأولى من المرحلة الثانوية أثناء الاستجابة على الاختبارات الإلکترونية، وکذلک من المقابلات التي أُجرِيَت مع ثلاثةٍ من معلّميهم. واستُخدم المنهج المختلط Mixed Method Approach وهو منهج بحثي يجمع بين الأسلوب النوعي والأسلوب الکَمّي. وتضمنت الأدوات المستخدمة في البحث کل من؛ الوسائل المخصصة للکشف عن حرکة العين ونوع هذه الحرکة، واختبار تحصيلي إلکتروني مقدم عبر الحاسب في مادة الکيمياء، وأوراق جمع البيانات والاستجابات من عينة المشارکين، وورقة الأسئلة المفتوحة. واستخدمت مجموعة من الأساليب الإحصائية للتحقق من الفروض منها اختبار (T-test)، وکذلک الإحصاءات الوصفية الکمية والکيفية. وقد خضعت تلک المعلومات للتصنيف بناء على نوع حرکات العين الثلاثة: حرکة التتبع السلس Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements، وحرکة العين الرمشية Saccades، وحرکات التجانح Vergence Movements، وحرکات الحملقة Vestibule-Ocular Movements. ثم أُجريت مقابلة شبه منظّمة بين المعلمين لتحديد الاختلاف في الأداء الأکاديمي للتلاميذ وقدرتهم على صُنع واتخاذ القرار. وثبت أن حرکات العين الرمشية وحرکات التتبع السلس کان لها تأثير إيجابي أکبر من تأثير حرکات التجانح والحملقة في ضمان تحسّن الأداء الأکاديمي والقدرة على اتخاذ القرار.

This research deals with the study of the mineral and chemical composition and determination of firing temperature degree of two pottery vessels - the pre-dynastic era - Helwan cemetery. Helwan was one of the areas that witnessed early civilizational activity from the ancient Stone Age until the end of the ancient era in Egypt. Helwan civilization considered one of the Neolithic civilizations. In addition, is located in the Cairo governorate between present-day Helwan and the end of the Wadi Houf or its mouth. Two pottery vessels - the pre-dynastic era - Helwan cemetery in Cairo governorate was studied, examined and analyzed by various means, including: Visual Investigation - Digital Optical Light Microscope USB - Polarizing Light Microscope - X-ray diffraction analysis XRD - Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). The examination and analysis processes considered among the important stages in the field of archaeological studies in general and pottery in particular, as they are the basis of restoration processes, through which we obtain historical data and information about the antiquity and its manufacturing techniques. The artifact can also return back to the historical period in which it was made through mineral, chemical and thermal analyzes to complete the objectives of the study. It goes back to the Archaic Era - the era of the First Dynasty and confirmed by the results of the Australian mission excavations. Mineral changes, which contribute to better treatment and maintenance steps. The various methods of examination and analysis showed very good results, as they showed the mineral and chemical composition of the ancient pottery vessels, which the restorers must know well in any of the different sites before they carry out the restoration work. Where it showed the presence of Quartz SiO2, Gehlnite Ca2AL2SiO7, Diopside MgCaSi2O6, and Wollastonite Ca.5SiO3, in addition to Calcite CaCO3 – Hematite Fe2O3 – Halite NaCl with different proportions for each sample, according to the type of clay, its chemical and mineral composition, and the conditions of burning and burial.

The present research paper discusses evaluating the environmental conditions (relative humidity- temperature) and their impact on the exhibited archaeological collections at Al-Mafraq Museum in North-eastern Jordan. The function of the museum focuses mainly on the conservation, exhibition, and preservation of collections. Also, it fulfills an educational, scientific, cultural, and touristic mission. Archaeological collections and found items are the main elements of the museum. Thus, they must be preserved and protected to fulfill their cultural mission. Al-Mafraq Museum contains many collections made of different organic and inorganic materials, such as wood, stone, pottery, ceramic, and metal that require different environmental conditions for exhibition, preservation, and storage. The present study aims to study, evaluate, and monitor the degrees of relative humidity and temperature inside Al-Mafraq Museum and their role in the deterioration of its collections. It was carried out using visual examination, measurement, and monitoring of relative humidity and temperature inside the museum over a year from November 2019 to October 2020 by Datalogger. Moreover, the portable digital optical microscope and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis were employed to examine some deterioration manifestations of the collections. The obtained results showed that the average degrees of relative humidity and temperature are high in most of the year. The highest value of relative humidity (78.6%) was reported in March, whereas the highest value of temperature (33.5°C) was in September, resulting in the deterioration of some exhibited and stored items. Ultimately, the relative humidity of most collections should range (45%- 55%) and should not increase or decrease by 5%, whereas temperature should not exceed (18°C). Thus, rapid intervention should be carried out to resolve this problem and keep these collections.

The organic amendment of degraded soil in South East of Tunisia was used to restore the chemical, and physical properties of soil quality investigated in this study. Biochar derived from pyrolyzed green waste at 360°C was used like organic amendment. Nines randomized plots with one square meter of the area of each plot in three replicates have been installed in the Institute of Arid Area in Mednine South East of Tunisia, with two rates of biochar 20 and 40 t/ha were investigated: 20 tons/ha (B20) (2 kg/m²) and 40 tons/ha (B40) (4 kg/m²). The results showed that biochar had a positive effect on soil's physical and chemical properties compared to non-amended soil (Untreated soil). Biochar supply at rates of 20 and 40 tons/ha, causes a decrease in electrical conductivity to achieve 2.66 mS/cm for the B40 dose after 1 year of amendment, also a decrease in the bulk density at the surface layer (0-20 cm) has been registered, the total porosity which was decreased with depth. The hydraulic conductivity is favored by the incorporation of biochar in the soil which increases the volume of voids and tends to create preferential flow paths.

In places with scarce water supplies, treated wastewater (TWW) can be used for irrigation. This is the case in many places on the Mediterranean coast. In order to examine changes in soil physical proprieties irrigated with secondary-treated wastewater for >38 years, a study was conducted under real agricultural conditions and three different sampling seasons (Summer, autumn and winter). Five soil depth distribution (0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 and 80-100 cm was also investigated. The soil parameters studied were: salinity (EC), permeablity (K) and structural stability (IS). The results demonstrate that K and IS depended significantly on the season and varied throught the soil profile. However, only the depth had an impact on the EC. The maximum EC and K were observed in summer at 0-60 and 0-20 cm, respectively. The highest IS, although, was detected during the winter at 40–60 cm depth layer. More interstingly, to take into consideration the interactions of both factors, a positive correlations were shown between K and EC, and IS (r =0.56***, r = 0.62***, respectively) and between EC and IS (r = 0.44**) in summer. In contrast, only K and EC showed a negative correlation (r = -0.35*) in the autumn, but no correlation was detected between all parameters in winter. The results indicate that treated wastewater is a suitable alternative during hot seasons, especially in sandy soils. Further research is required to investigate the effect of this wastwater on crops responses.

Dietary assessment plays a crucial role in comprehending the ecological dynamics and nutritional needs of herbivores and omnivores. The metabarcoding technique has emerged as a potent tool for exploring the dietary composition of these animals. However, various metabarcoding techniques have been developed, each with its own advantages and limitations. This study aims to compare the performance of different metabarcoding techniques in herbivores and omnivores diet. We systematically reviewed 159 published manuscripts in Scopus and Google Scholar, and thematic analysis was conducted across several categories, including the marker, platform, and database utilized. Preliminary findings reveal significant variations among metabarcoding techniques across these two animal groups. The trnL gene exhibited higher taxonomic resolution for herbivorous species, whereas the combination of the 'trnL + 16s rRNA' gene exhibited superior performance for omnivorous species. The Illumina platform emerged as the most commonly used method for analyzing the diets of both herbivores and omnivores, with the primary reference database being the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). This study offers valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of different metabarcoding techniques for dietary assessment in herbivores and omnivores and optimizing metabarcoding protocols, facilitating more precise and reliable diet analyses within these ecological groups.

The Asian region is globally renowned for its unparalleled biodiversity, rich ecosystems, and unique cultural heritage. However, the delicate equilibrium between human societies and the diverse flora and fauna faces increasing challenges due to the region's rich biodiversity and escalating utilization of wildlife resources. Hence, this paper aims to document the utilization of endangered wildlife across Asian countries and to report the existing conservation measures and recommendations for sustainable wildlife management over the years. We employed prominent academic databases, specifically SCOPUS, to explore the dynamics of wildlife utilization and its associated implications. From the findings, 9,989 records were successfully identified. However, only 65 articles were included in the review after the screening process. A total of 61 species, comprising 30 mammals, 22 reptiles, one amphibian, and eight birds, all endangered, were identified as subjects of wildlife utilization in 16 Asian countries. China possessed the highest count for wildlife utilization across all categories, including 15 species used for trading purposes. In conclusion, this research underscores the critical need for integrated approaches that balance human needs and conservation imperatives to ensure a sustainable future for Asia's wildlife biodiversity.

The aim of this study is to conduct a sociocognitive analysis of Iago's speech in Shakespeare's Othello. The sociocognitive discourse is used as a methodological tool to uncover the cognitive complexity of Iago, and to explore how his metaphorical and lexical choices reflect a racial tendency among a portion of people in Elizabethan society. Iago’s speech is perused through an in-depth analysis of conceptual metaphor and lexicality. The findings of the study show that Iago uses the conceptual metaphor MAN IS ANIMAL to highlight Othello’s negative characteristics, such as stupidity, foolishness, and ugliness in terms of animal behaviour. Iago’s hidden thoughts and plans to manipulate and control Othello’s feelings towards Desdemona are depicted through the BODY PART IS A WHOLE PERSON metaphor. As for lexicality, Iago uses two lexical processes, overlexicalization and relexicalization. In the former, he uses synonymous and near-synonymous items to highlight positive self-presentation (himself) and negative other-presentation (Othello). In the latter, relexicalization, Iago avoids referring to Othello by his actual names or good attributes, but rather by personal pronouns or by nationality. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل معرفي اجتماعي لکلام ياجو في مسرحية عطيل لشکسبير. تستخدم الدراسة الخطاب المعرفي الاجتماعي کأداة منهجية لکشف التعقيد المعرفي الإدراکي لشخصية ياجو، إذ أن اختيار المفردات والعبارات المجازية لهذه الشخصية يعکس نزعة عنصرية کانت سائدة بين شريحة من البشر في المجتمع الإليزابيثي في تلک الحقبة. وتقوم تلک الدراسة على تحليل تفصيلي للإستعارة المفاهيمية والمفردات المعجمية في کلام ياجو. وخلصت الدراسة إلى أن ياجو استخدم الإستعارة المفاهيمية "الإنسان حيوان" لإبراز السمات السلبية في شخصية عطيل کالغباء والحمق والقبح ومقارنتها بمثيلاتها في عالم الحيوان. کشفت الدرسة أيضًا أن استخدام ياجو للإستعارة المفاهيمية "عضو الجسم هو الشخص کامًلا" تبين ما يضمره من أفکار وخطط للتلاعب بعطيل والسيطرة على مشاعره تجاه ديدمونة. وبينت الدراسة أيضًا أن ياجو کان يستخدم نوعين من الصياغات المعجمية لإبراز مشاعره العنصرية تجاه عطيل. الصياغة الأولى وهي المبالغة المفرداتية (Overlexicalization) تتمثل في استخدام ياجو للمتردافات لإبراز التصوير الإيجابي للنفس والتصوير السلبي للآخر متمثلًا في شخصية عطيل. أما الصياغة الثانية فهي إعادة بناء المفردة (Relexicalization) وقد استخدمها ياجو لتجنب ذکر عطيل بالاسم – بدافع من العنصرية – واستخدم بدلًا من ذلک إما الضمائر الشخصية أو الإشارة لعطيل بصفات مشتقة من بلد المنشأ.

This research deals with the study of some gap filling materials for ancient ceramic tiles. In addition, evaluating them in terms of efficiency, even with the passage of long periods, and if exposed to different atmospheric fluctuations, as the Complete of missing parts of ceramic tiles is one of the most important stages in the treatment and maintenance stages. Because it is a kind of preservation of pottery and ceramic relics of damage and shattering that collected or parts of which were lost. In addition, the supplement material must meet a set of basic conditions, including that it has a stable chemical composition, amenable to formation, amenable to additives and colorants, compatible with different environmental conditions, and that it also has an appropriate density. The tiles investigated and analyzed by; Digital optical microscope USB, X-ray diffraction analysis XRD and Scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX). It was necessary the selected complementary materials experimented and study to identify and measure the different physio-mechanical properties of them such as (porosity - density - water absorption - pressure resistance - shrinkage) before application to reach the best mixtures that can used in the process of completing ceramic tiles. Among these, materials the mixture: Kemaboxy 150 + modern ceramic powder + fiberglass, in addition to the mix: Araldite 1306 + modern ceramic powder + fiberglass. The mixture, which contained Kemaboxy 150, gave the most value for pressure resistance, porosity and water absorption. Moreover, it gave very good results in the process of completing the ancient ceramic tiles. That recommended using by restorers in the different sites.

Sculpture arised because representational sculpture had been exhausted ,Out of boredom with sculpture facts, and by a common and powerful impulse the sculptors turned to abstract sculpture as a pure aesthetic activity, they were driven to abandon the imitation of natural appearance, so rigid forms appeared lacking fluidity and vitality, and by the time the older claims of abstract art have lost the original force of insurgent convictions who had once upheld this art as the logical goal of the entire history of forms and they have refuted themselves in returning to the impure natural forms, subsequently the sculptors realized the underlying order of nature as a sculpture of pure form without content, so organic abstract however was the logical and inevitable conclusion toward which sculpture art was moving , and the aesthetic and expressive values of abstract has itself become a brake on prioritize appearance ,and following an attitude that seeks to translate the forms found in nature into unique pieces of art involves the liveliness of nature and its vibrant essence, and instead of the inspiration from science and technology, and the aesthetic of plastic and metal sculptors began turning to the inspiration found in nature, and sculptors who embraced the philosophy of organic abstract sought to translate the principles of natural form into their work, channeling the look of organic objects and mimicking the flow of natural currents, This attitude summarizes the success of some architectural designs that have taken sculptural organic abstract as a basic reference for formulating the aesthetic and expressive values of contemporary architectural forms, so those architectures appeared as abstracted organic sculptures in its urban spaces, Therefore, activating the principles of sculptural organic abstract in the architectural design process can change the attitude of local contemporary architecture towards a sculptural architecture which is more alive and excited by the essence of nature if local architects adopt an open minded attitude toward other arts cultures.

Ces dernières décennies, l’intensification de la production animale a été favorisée par l’usage des médicaments vétérinaires, en particulier les antibiotiques. Dans ce contexte, cette étude a été menée afin de rechercher la présence de résidus d’antibiotiques dans les denrées alimentaires d’origine animale comme la viande de bovins et les œufs de poules. Des échantillons ont étés prélevés (166 issus de viande bovine et 227 d’œufs) dans différents points d’abattage et de commerce des villes de N’Djaména et Moundou au Tchad. Les résultats ont montré la présence de résidus d’antibiotiques dans 72 des 166 échantillons de viande, soit une prévalence de 43,3 %, et dans 60 des 227 échantillons d’œufs, soit une prévalence de 26,4 %. Ces pourcentages élevés de résidus d’antibiotiques dans les denrées alimentaires fréquemment consommées constituent un problème de santé publique. Des études avec des méthodes quantitatives plus poussées devraient être conduites pour identifier la nature des antibiotiques présents dans ces denrées, ainsi que pour en quantifier les teneurs.

The goal of this work is to size a photovoltaic pumping system built on a brushless DC motor and without accumulators, then to evaluate its cost by comparing the latter with a pumping system powered by a diesel generator for a system of irrigation in an isolated site in the city of Saïda in Algeria, based on a technique known as the cost of the life cycle. The water pumping system is designed to irrigate an area of 8 hectares, planted with onions. Based on the results of this study, the photovoltaic pumping system is more economically viable compared to the system running on diesel.

Advertising plays a vital role in everyday life, introducing new products and services to the public, but some advertisers use the subconscious and unconscious area to control the behavior of the audience invisibly. Some other advertisers go too far in formulating their advertising messages, by programming the audience with new false beliefs that work for advertisers. Advertisers use sex heavily in advertising to affect the audience, even if the product or service is far from the sex area or has nothing to do with it. Deceptive and misleading advertisements change the negative values of society, as well as changing human lifestyles. Deceptive and misleading advertisements have a huge impact on society by imposing and maximizing consumer burdens, wasting a lot of money, and cracking the social structure, as some advertisements cause stratification of society, and some advertisements break into the family atmosphere without asking permission for products and services that go beyond Public taste and social modesty, and some ads offer imaginary images of virtual reality does not exist, and the awareness of the public is formulated by a few media and advertising makers. Many countries have not realized the dimension of deception and manipulation in advertising, but have not been sufficiently legally exposed to it.The study recommends the necessity of teaching the ethics of advertising work in the faculties of advertising design, arts. Issuing strict laws are passed by governments toward violated advertisers. Also the importance of issuing a law to regulate advertising activity in every country to avoid the influences of deceptive and misleading advertisements.Key Words: Advertising, Deception, Misinformation, Influences, Regulations.

ظهرت اللسانيات اول ما ظهرت قديمًا عند العرب فقد سبقوا للغربَ بكثير بهذا الجانب حيث نجد اهتماما من أعلام العربية أمثال الخليل ، وابن جني . فاللُّغَوِيَّات أو اللِّسَانِيَّات أو عِلْم اللُّغَة : هي علم يهتم بدراسة اللغات الإنسانية ودراسة خصائصها وتراكيبها ودرجات التشابه والتباين فيما بينها . السانيات تنقسم الى مستويات : الصوت ، و الصرف ، و النحو والدلالة، والأخير هو محط بحثنا . الدلالة : مادة دلل، التي تدل على الإرشاد إلى الشيء والتعريف به".وعلمُ الدلالة من مستويات اللغة العربية، ويعني: "دراسة المعنى أو العلم الذي يدرس المعنى"..حيث يمكن دراسة الجملة والنص اللغوي عن طريق تحليل معاني الكلمات والكشف عن العلاقات الدلالية بينها.وغرض علم الدلالة الكشف عن العلاقة بين الألفاظ والمعاني، والكشف عن المدلولات الظاهرة والكامنة في الألفاظ، والكشف عن العلاقات الدلالية بين الألفاظ العربية: كالترادف والاشتراك اللفظي والتضاد. وسندرس الدلالة من حيث :( الترادف ، المشترك اللفظي ، التضاد ) في مقالات سعيد عدنان الأديب المقالي الشهير و المعاصر .حيث تستنتج هذه الدراسة بعض النتائج ومنها : نجد الدلالات واضحة في مقالات عدنان ولها هدف من حيث اللغة و هدف اخر يريد الدعوة او الانتباه او التحذير او الالتفات او التوجيه وغيرها .. وقد نجد الدلالة بأنواعها الثلاثة : المشترك اللفظي : ويختار له مفردات تعي الفكر و تنشط العقل

La présente étude rétrospective avait pour objectif d’apporter une mise au point sur la situation des maladies néoplasiques aviaires au Maroc et à répertorier les différents épisodes de leur apparition durant la période de 1998 à 2013, en se 7-8basant sur les données collectées au niveau de l’Unité d’Histologie et d’Anatomie Pathologique du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire de l’Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II (CHUV-IAV), et auprès de 3 vétérinaires praticiens avicoles. Les résultats de l’analyse réalisée sur un total de 189 cas répertoriés (1 cas = 1 élevage affecté) entre 1998 et 2013 ont montré que les maladies tumorales aviaires continuaient à sévir dans le pays durant la période d’étude. Parmi celles-ci, la maladie de Marek (MD ; Marek disease) constituait 90% des cas étudiés dont 37% se sont déclarés entre la seule période 2004 et 2006. Alors que les leucoses/sarcomes aviaires n’ont intéressé que 10% des cas (tous entre 1998 et 2000) et un cas de myxosarcome en 2008. La MD était plus rencontrée chez les poules pondeuses (69% des cas) que chez les reproducteurs (31% des cas) et affectait le plus fréquemment la tranche d’âge de 19 à 36 semaines aussi bien chez les reproducteurs que chez les poules pondeuses avec respectivement des fréquences de 67% et 58% des cas. La forme clinique de la MD la plus dominante était la forme viscérale seule (20% des cas) ou associée à la forme nerveuse et cutanée (72% des cas). La forme classique nerveuse quant-à-elle n’a intéressé que 8% des cas. Les leucoses myéloïdes représentaient 69% (13/19) de l’ensemble des cas leucoses/sarcomes diagnostiqués dont 11/13 cas de myéloblastose et 2/13 cas de myélocytomatose. Les leucoses érythroïdes étaient présentes chez 21% des cas, et le myxosarcome dans 1% des cas. Ces leucoses/sarcomes ont été observées avec des fréquences de 74% chez les reproducteurs chair, de 21% chez les poules pondeuses et de 5% chez les poulets de chair. Chez les reproducteurs l’âge des animaux affectés était compris entre 17 et 50 semaines avec un âge moyen d’apparition de ces tumeurs de 31 semaines tandis que chez les pondeuses cet âge moyen était de 27 semaines. Mots clés: Maladies néoplasiques aviaires, maladie de Marek, leucoses/sarcomes aviaires, Maroc

Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) associated with fowl aviadenovirus (FAdV) infection has a world-wide distribution, especially for broilers aged 3 to 5 weeks, causing significant economic losses to poultry industry. In present study, we evaluated the pathogenicity of Moroccan FAdV serotype 11 (MOR111115 strain) in specific pathogen free (SPF) white leghorn chicken embryos. FAdV (titre 10?/ml) was inoculated to SPF embryonated chicken eggs through the chorioallontoic membrane (CAM). The mortality, gross and microscopical lesions of the embryos were evaluated and the presence of the virus was checked by PCR. 100% cumulative embryonic mortality was observed at 7 days post-infection (dpi). The inoculated embryos were hemorragic and the liver was friable and swollen, with yellow to greenish discoloration. Microscopically, we highlighted a multifocal necrosis of hepatocytes groups with the presence of basophilic and eosinophilic intra-nuclear inclusion bodies within hepatocytes. The presence of the virus was confirmed by conventional polymerase chain reaction based on hexon gene from liver.that is a major target organ of FAdV infections. This is the first study of pathogenicity of fowl aviadenovirus in SPF chicken embryos in Morocco. Keywords: Fowl aviadenovirus-11, Inclusion body hepatitis, Pathogenicity, Chicken embryos

La laryngotrachéite infectieuse (LTI) est une maladie respiratoire aiguë hautement contagieuse des poulets, des faisans et des paons. Le virus responsable a été isolé aussi chez la pintade. Deux formes cliniques de la maladie sont décrites, à savoir une forme légère incluant une conjonctivite, une sinusite, des yeux fermés, des écoulements nasaux et une trachéite mucoïde, alors que la forme sévère est caractérisée par le halètement, la toux, la dépression respiratoire, les écoulements nasaux, la conjonctivite et les expectorations sanguinolentes. L’obstruction de la trachée par les filaments sanguinolents est une des lésions les plus fréquentes. Les taux de morbidité et de mortalité de la maladie sont variables selon la virulence de la souche en circulation, la charge virale et les co-infections avec autres pathogènes respiratoires. Depuis sa description en 1925 par (May & Tittsler 1925), la maladie a été signalée dans plusieurs pays du monde, spécifiquement au niveau des zones de production avicole intensive. Au Maroc, la LTI a été diagnostiquée pour la première fois en 2003, d’où l’introduction en 2004 et 2005 de deux types de vaccins pour lutter contre la maladie. Il s’agit respectivement de vaccins vivants atténués d'origine embryonnaire de poulet (PDG) et des vaccins produits sur culture cellulaire (TCO). La vaccination a été autorisée seulement pour les poules reproductrices et pondeuses dans les zones affectées. En 2018, un vaccin LTI à vecteur viral recombinant rFPV-LT a été introduit pour la première fois au Maroc. Les principales caractéristiques de la LTI et sa pathogénicité ainsi que les stratégies de vaccination déployées au Maroc et dans le monde sont passées en revue. Par ailleurs les avantages, les limites des différents types de vaccins de même que le rôle de la biosécurité dans le contrôle de la maladie ont été mis en exergue et discutés. Mots clefs: Laryngotrachéite, vaccination, PDG, TCO, rHVT-LT, rFPV-LT

L’hépatite virale E aviaire (AHVE), encore appelée maladie du gros foie et de la grosse rate, Big Liver and Spleen disease (BLS) est due à un Hepevirus de la famille des Orthohepevirus. Elle se manifeste par une mortalité brusque chez la poule pondeuse et la poule reproductrice, associée à une chute de ponte sans dégradation de la qualité des œufs. Elle est d’apparition récente et a été rapportée dans quelques pays seulement dont les USA, le Canada, l’Espagne, la Hongrie, la Chine et la Pologne. Depuis quelques années, des mortalités brusques pouvant atteindre 0.3% par semaine et des chutes de ponte pouvant aller jusqu’à 12-15 % ont constitué régulièrement des motifs de consultations. Le diagnostic lésionnel macroscopique n’est pas évident en raison de la similitude des lésions observées sur le foie avec celles rencontrées dans le cas des stéatoses hépatiques, pathologie avec laquelle le diagnostic différentiel s’impose. Les lésions trouvées généralement consistent en une hépatomégalie avec présence ou non d’une stéatose, cependant les hémorragies sont toujours constantes avec une splénomégalie variable. Le présent travail se rapporte à des investigations préliminaires réalisées sur plusieurs cas de poules pondeuses et de reproductrices présentant les symptômes et lésions précitées. Outre les aspects épidémiologiques et lésionnels macroscopiques observés, les investigations ont porté sur l’analyse des résultats des examens anatomo-pathologiques, des sérologies Elisa réalisées sur des sérums provenant des élevages concernés, de même que la réalisation sur les foies et rates d’animaux atteints de tests de PCR en temps réel spécifiques à cette pathologie. Parallèlement, une étude séro-épidémiologique a porté sur un échantillon de 9255 sérums prélevés durant les années 2017 à 2020. Les résultats préliminaires sont mitigés mais pointent davantage sur la nécessité d’élargir le champ d’investigation en développant les outils de diagnostic sérologiques et moléculaires plus spécifiques au contexte épidémiologique marocain. Cette étude rapporte les premières descriptions de la pathologie au Maroc. Mots clés: Hépatite virale E, Stéatose hépatique, anatomopathologie, RT-PCR, ELISA

La maladie de Gumboro ou bursite infectieuse aviaire (IBD) est associée au virus de la bursite infectieuse (IBDV), qui cause des pertes économiques considérables. Ce virus appartient à la famille des Birnaviridae (Avibirnavirus). Cette infection continue à sévir au sein des élevages avicoles au Maroc particulièrement ceux de poulets de chair malgré les différents programmes de vaccination appliqués. Ainsi, l’objectif du présent travail est la caractérisation épidémiologique et pathotypique de l’IBDV au Maroc102 élevages de poulets de chair suspects à travers tout le Maroc enquêtés entre les années 2013 et 2016. Ainsi que les bourses de Fabricius (BF) (pool de 5 BF par élevage) ont été prélevés à partir de poulets affectés pour des investigations moléculaires par RT-PCR en temps réel. La RT-PCR utilisée permettait aussi bien la détection que la discrimination entre les souches très virulentes de l’IBDV (vvIBDV) et les non-vvIBDV en utilisant des sondes de discrimination allélique. L'enquête épidémiologique révèle la suspicion de l’atteinte des élevages avicoles par l’IBDV vu les signes cliniques et nécropsiques très caractéristiques causés par l’IBDV (apathie, plumes ébouriffées, prostration, diarrhée blanchâtre aqueuse, et la triade nécrosique (hypertrophie et hémorragie de la Bourse de Fabricius ; congestion des reins et pétéchie au niveau des muscles)). La suspicion a été confirmée par les résultats de la RT-PCR dans toutes les régions du royaume avec une prévalence de l’atteinte par l’IBDV globale de 81% dont 60% pour les souches classiques (non-vvIBDV) et 40% pour les souches très virulentes (vvIBDV). Mots clés: Bursite infectieuse, IBDV, RT-PCR, épidémiologie, Maroc

Les manifestations des infections à Mycoplasma synoviae représentent dans la pratique de la médecine aviaire, des motifs de consultation de plus en plus croissants ces dernières années. Leurs conséquences multiples notamment les œufs de consommation à « apex en verre » chez la poule pondeuse, les arthrites et les ampoules du bréchet chez la dinde sont d’autant de pathologies économiquement coûteuses à travers les pertes directes et/ou des saisies au niveau des abattoirs. Le présent travail rapporte les statistiques des contrôles sérologiques réalisés sur les reproducteurs dinde et chair, la dinde chair, la poule pondeuse au moyen des tests ARL (24370 sérums), Elisa (2873) et par la PCR en temps réelle (3377 pools de 3 écouvillons) de 2017 à Juin 2020 provenant de différentes régions du Maroc. Les résultats montrent un léger recul des positivités comparés aux études précédentes, néanmoins les pourcentages d’infections restent à des taux élevés de 33% chez les reproducteurs chair, 61.22 % chez la dinde chair et 57.9 % chez la poule pondeuse. Mots clés: Mycoplasma synoviae, dinde, pondeuse, RT-PCR, ampoule du bréchet, œufs à apex en verre, ELISA, ARL

Dans l’enseignement de la langue étrangère le contexte linguistique où extralinguistique est primordial pour bien saisir le fonctionnement des énoncés. Passer du cadre étroit de la grammaire de phrase à celui de contexte est louable mais pas facile à mettre en oeuvre, les linguistiques faisant de la phrase une unité d’analyse sans expliquer comment des structures de la langue sont rattachées à des structures textuelles. Nous nous efforcerons dans cette modeste contribution de monter qu’il existe des liens étroits entre les structures de la langue et le contexte qui sont souvent négligés. La structure informationnelle ne peut être comprise que par rapport aux conditions dans lesquelles elle a été produite. Abstract In the teaching of the foreign language, the linguistic context where extralinguistic is essential to fully understand the functioning of the statements. Shifting from the narrow framework of sentence grammar to that of context is laudable but not easy to implement, linguistics making the sentence a unit of analysis without explaining how structures of language relate to textual structures. The information structure can only be understood in relation to the conditions under which it was produced.

In the last few years, nanoparticles have widely been used in the fields of restoration and conservation of cultural heritage. The dispersion of nanoparticles in the polymers used in the consolidation and protection processes lead to a significant enhancement of their physiochemical and mechanical properties. The minimizing of particles size into nanoscale,results in better properties from the large grain size of the materials of the same chemical composition. In this study, silica nanoparticles was achieved because of the great homogeneity between them and the glass components in addition to the zinc oxide nanoparticles because of the characteristics of self-cleaning. The properties of the treated glass samples were evaluated comparatively by visual appraisal, colorimetric measurements,measuring of static contact angle of water droplets on the surface of the samples, density and hardness strength, and scanning electron microscope.The results confirmed that the addition of nanoparticles to acrylic nanopolymers have improved the protection and protection of glass samples. As a result of the sterio microscope, the surface treated with nano paraloid and nano primal compounds with nano silica and zinc gave a good reinforcement. By measuring the density of the treated glass surface, it was found that the nanopolymers and nanoparticles improved the density of the treated samples. Nanoparloid with nanozinc gave the best results compared to other nano compounds . Scan electron microscope revealed that the nanoparloid with nanozinc didn’t have appearance any cracks after treatment and a protective barrier on the surface where the percentage of silica decreased and the proportion of carbon increased as a result of treatment.

Glass is a relatively stable material in the normal preservation environment, compared to other materials, As its rate of deterioration is somewhat slow, and does not appear clearly until long periods periods have elapsed. Because the impact of the different deterioration factors of glass effects varies according to conservation conditions, Therefore the research discusses the factors and causes of the damage of glass effects kept in historical stores. These factors were found to be endogenous factors related to the composition and manufacture of glass. its may result in various aspects such as cracks and air bubbles, stonning of glass , the loss of transparency (glass crystallization) and sand impurities, exogenous factors related to the nature of the surrounding environment, The most dangerous factors of damage to the glass is humidity, which result in the phenomenon of corrosion of glass which emergence of many aspects of damage associated with, including the phenomenon of hydrogen glass , opacity glass , iridescence and the phenomenon of glass weeping and also external damage factors impact of heat Air pollutants, vibrations, the impact of micro-organisms and human destruction.The research presents acase study for the restoration of glass artefact preserved in the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo ,The aim of the research is to study the chemical composition of the artefact, its components, and the extent of its damage In addition,the restoration and storage operations were carried out. . Therefore, many different examinations and analysis were used, including imaging with the portable optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy and analysis using scanning electron microscope provided with (EDX)unit and XRD analysis. Glass restoration and conservation operations have been carried out, including mechanical and chemical cleaning, assembly and completion of the missing parts. The storage process was carried out using materials that were mostly acid-free and in a supportive manner to preserve the impact during the storage process.

Over the years, many theories of learning have emerged, trying to explain the various movements and behaviors of objects around us, and find the relationship between these objects and their causes. Starting from the behavioral theory that studied the human behavior, passing through the theory of prediction where a compatible result could be predicted from any single action, till reaching the Chaos Theory. As Being able to explain a number of issues that the previous scientific theories stood still without having any reason or definition for such issues, Chaos theory has attracted a great attention by its ability to find a link between disparate things, or anticipating the interrelationships among them, even if looking random, and following non-linear paths, but repeated in such an organized and nearly symmetrical way as if they were attracted back to a specific point of attraction.In an attempt to reach the seemingly invisible system of phenomena, behaviors, or movements, The Chaos Theory try to construct some rules needed for its study and utilization of its applications. Representing the practical application of the Chaos Theory, Fractal Geometry could be used to formulate a wide range of design innovations in interior, furniture design and their complementary products either in the field of interior design or the field of product design.Research Query:To what extent is it possible to use the applications of Chaos theory in the interior, furniture design and their complementary products? Research Objectives:1. Defining of Chaos theory and Fractal Geometry as being the application of Chaos theory, and their role in interior, furniture design and their complementary products.2. The way of using Fractal geometrical forms and their creative potentials in finding different and innovative solutions in interior, furniture design and their additives and complementary products leading to a non limited collection of modern and contemporary productsHypothesis:Scientific studies of mathematical and philosophical theories could offer various, innovative solutions that could meet the user needs in the field of interior design & furniture and its complementary products. Research Methodology:Descriptive analytical method is used relying on the compiling, comparing and analyzing of information and facts in order to get acceptable perceptions, ideas and considerations.

A 52-year-old immunocompetent man presented with frontal headaches. Physical examination showed a painful frontal hump (A). Computed tomography and MRI scans revealed a giant bifrontal extra-axial tumor (B,C). He benefited from total removal of the tumor. Pathological examination of the resected mass led to the diagnosis of anaplastic large B-cell lymphoma (Cell immunopositivity for CD30 and anaplastic lymphoma kinase) (D). He was transferred to the oncology unit for chemo and radiotherapy with good clinical evolution. Primary dural lymphoma (PDL) is extremely rare, accounting 7% of all primary central nervous system lymphomas. PDL usually involves sites that are rich in meningothelial cells, and results in a localized mass or plaque-like thickening of the dura that radiologically resembles a number of other diseases, such as meningioma or subdural hematomas. Although there is as yet no optimal treatment for PDL, surgical excision followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy are recommended.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic affecting the world´s population, is particularly threatening to dialysis patients. The purpose of this study was to propose recommendations for prevention and containment of COVID-19 in hemodialysis center situated in a regional hospital in Mauritania. Both COVID-19-infected (n = 11) and -uninfected (n = 16) dialysis patients were hospitalized up to three weeks to improve patient management. All COVID-19-infected patients were cured. Patient care and hygiene in a safe environment are the key factors for a favorable outcome, even in resource-limited settings.

INTRODUCTION: The International Health Regulation (2005) requires all countries to develop and maintain core capacities for preparedness and response to public health emergencies. The objective of this study was to assess Cameroon’s capacities to prevent, detect and respond to public health threats through the Joint External Evaluation process. METHODS: data for the 48 indicators within the 19 technical areas of the Joint External Evaluation tool were examined. The scores for the 19 technical areas were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and R.3.4.3 for descriptive statistics (median and interquartile ranges). RESULTS: Cameroon´s overall median score was 2 (Min =1, Max=4) and 34/48 indicators (71%) had scores less than 2 on a 1 to 5 scale. The weakest technical areas in the “Prevent” category were antimicrobial resistance, biosafety and biosecurity, and National legislation, policy and financing. In the “Detect” category, the median score was 2. Technical areas with the lowest median scores were reporting and national laboratory system. Emergency response operations, preparedness, medical countermeasures and personnel deployment had the lowest scores in the “Respond” category. Chemical events and points of entry had the lowest score in “Other IHR-related hazards and points of entry” category. CONCLUSION: recommendations from the Joint External Evaluation to address the gaps should be aligned in a National Action Plan for Health Security and implementation ensured by a high level multi sectoral platform to strengthen IHR core capacities in the country.

INTRODUCTION: LÂ'l´anesthésie pour la chirurgie urgente de la fracture pertrochantérienne (FPT) chez les patients à haut risque anesthésique représente souvent un véritable challenge pour les praticiens en vue du risque periopératoire majeur. Nous rapportons notre expérience avec le bibloc ou bloc combiné lombaire et sciatique plexique (BCLS) comme technique anesthésique alternative face à ce type de situation. METHODES: une étude transversale, descriptive, monocentrique, a été menée sur une période de 3 ans, incluant les patients à haut risque anesthésique présentant une FPT récente. Les deux blocs nerveux étaient réalisés au niveau plexique selon la technique classique de neurostimulation. Un mélange de 20ml de lidocaine 2% et de bupivacaine 0,5% (50/50) a été injecté au niveau de chaque bloc. Le critère d´évaluation principal était l´efficacité du BCLS apprécié par l´incidence d´échecs de la technique anesthésique, définie par la nécessité de convertir en anesthésie générale (AG). Les critères d´évaluation secondaires étaient: 1) les données techniques de la procédure anesthésique, 2) les retentissements hémodynamiques, respiratoires et neurologiques periopératoires, et 3) les résultats et les complications éventuelles en postopératoire. RESULTATS: trente patients ont été colligés. L´âge moyen était de 74 ± 10 ans. Le délai moyen admission aux urgences-intervention était de 12(5-36) heures. La durée moyenne pour la réalisation de la procédure était de 15,20 ± 3,45 minutes. Aucune conversion en AG n´a été nécessaire. Il n´y avait pas de différences statistiquement significatives entre les différentes valeurs enregistrées des paramètres hémodynamiques et respiratoires periopératoires (PAM, FC, SpO2) (p = 0,05). La durée de l´intervention était de 46 ± 5 minutes. La satisfaction des chirurgiens était de 9,7 ± 0,1. La première demande en antalgiques postopératoires était après 8(1-24) heures. Tous les patients avaient une récupération sensitivomotrice complète. CONCLUSION: le BCLS est une alternative anesthésique pour les interventions urgentes de FPT chez les patients à haut risque anesthésique: délais opératoires réduits, efficacité anesthésique, stabilité hémodynamique et respiratoire periopératoire, absence de complications inhérentes aux autres techniques anesthésiques, passage rapide en salle de surveillance post-interventionnelle (SSPI), et analgésie postopératoire de qualité.

Acetabular fractures in the elderly are serious fractures because they affect a deep, load-bearing and at first difficult surgical joint, all complicated by an osteoporotic tissue condition. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study over 10 years (January 2010 to January 2020, including 33 patients aged 60 years with acetabular fractures treated at the Orthopedics and Traumatology Department B4 of CHU Hassan II Fes. The aim was to study the types of fractures and to evaluate their treatment as well as the functional result obtained in order to compare them with those of the literature. We collected the data using an exploitation sheet and their analysis was facilitated by the EPI info7 statistical analysis software. The average age of our patients was 65.5 years, with a clear male predominance. Road Traffic Accidents represented the main etiology (72.7%), and the left side was the most affected 54.5%. The para-clinical assessment, based on the Anteroposterior iliac and obturator radiological views and confronted with the CT scan made it possible to pose the diagnosis of the fracture, to establish the type according to the Judet and Letournel classification of acetabular fractures, and to evaluate the displacement and articular congruence according to the Duquennoy and Coll criteria as well as those of Matta. Elementary fractures were the most frequent at 54.5%. We opted for orthopedic treatment in 72.7% of the cases with none weight bearing in 62.5%; whereas the surgical treatment was carried out in 27.3% with the use of the special acetabular plate in 66.7% of the operated cases. The Kocher-Langenbeck posterior approach was the most used (66.7%). The vertical congruence between the femoral head and the roof of the acetabulum after reduction was satisfactory in 27.3% of the cases and the horizontal congruence between the femoral head and the entire acetabulum in 18.2% of the cases. In our series, we noted as a complication 12 cases of post-traumatic osteoarthritis, ie 36.3%. The results according to the Postel Merle d´Aubignè score at an average follow-up of 62 months were satisfactory (excellent, very good and good) in 27.3% of the cases and unsatisfactory (fair, poor and bad) in 72.7% cases. The surgical management of fractures of the acetabulum in elderly and osteoporotic patients remains subject to controversy and is not entirely satisfactory. Would not primary arthroplasty combined with open reduction internal fixation constitute a better management approach in old people?

Hepatocellular adenomas are benign liver tumours that occur mainly but not exclusively in young women taking contraceptives. Their malignant transformation into hepatocellular carcinoma is a rare complication that has been rarely reported in women taking contraceptives. The purpose of our work is to remind the epidemiological and diagnostic features of malignant transformation of hepatic adenomas by reporting the case of a hepatocellular carcinoma developed from a hepatocellular adenoma diagnosed within the pathologydepartment of the Mohammed VI university hospital of Oujda.

Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) results most commonly from the compression of the left renal vein by the aorta and vertebral column. Although NCS had been described in many studies, her prevalence is still not known, usual clinical signs are gross hematuria and flank pain. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and treatment consists of a wide range of vascular surgical options with a more recent focus using an endovascular approach. We present a case of a 23-year-old male with intermittent hematuria and flank pain.

The tympanostomy tube insertion is the gold standard of treatment for secretory otitis media. Complications are associated with this surgery in 17% of cases. One of the rare but real complications is the medial migration of the tympanostomy tube. To our knowledge, this is the 14th case reported in childhood. Considering this rarity, there is no consensus for the management of this phenomenon. Some authors propose a surgical removal, while others prefer to observe whether the patient is asymptomatic. We reported a case of migration of the tympanostomy tube and described the detailed clinical features and management options. This case report and mini-review will broaden readers the knowledge of medial migration of the tympanostomy tube and may guide the relative treatment of this complication in the future.

The Egyptian rural village is rich in areas of a unique nature and heritage. The façades are characterized by distinctive architectural design and original architectural features, which must be preserved and highlighted in a suitable manner and their architectural styles are taken into account in the new designs of the village. However, this does not mean refraining from innovation and progress. Great ecological and cultural dimensions have left a rich legacy, and later on they should follow their path in the making of art and civilization with all the design foundations that preserve their originality and their inherited values and their distinct environmental identity. The paper discusses the current conditions of the rural environment and will note the extent of differences and contrast between adjacent buildings within the same village. There is no common feature between the facades, no homogeneity in colors or texture, no uniformity of heights, Decorations, materials, thought, cultural and architectural trends, so it is difficult to accept the ever-increasing prevalence of these phenomena. The problem of the research is to exacerbate the manifestations of change in the design and architectural design of the facades and their negative impact on the environmental and cultural dimensions in rural areas, where this problem arises through the urban environment at various levels of change and modification in the design of external facades by different environmental and cultural dimensions of the social classes Which marked most of the buildings with architectural distortion and caused a large degree of visual pollution and the absence of the distinctive rural environmental character of the buildings. The study concludes with the possibility of studying and analyzing the changes in the design and architectural design of the façades in the rural environment of the modern Egyptian village, and clarifying the impact of each of the causes and manifestations of change on the design and design of the facades in order to achieve the preservation of the environmental dimensions and the distinctive design character of the façades in the rural environment of the Egyptian Modern villages.

The quality of finishing the surface of the metal product is important as it is one of the main factors affecting the determination of the external appearance and the life of the product, especially when the surface of the product exposed to stresses of influence during use (friction - exposure to environments that help corrosion ... etc.) effect on the decision of the user to acquire the product or not, especially in products with aesthetic functions Therefore, the problem of research is the urgent need to use modern systems to treatment the surface of the metal product will be more accurate and easy and fast in the application and less expensive in production and do not need special expertise The objective of the research is to conduct an analytical study of the most important methods used in the treatment of metal products surfaces to identify the aesthetic, economic, functional and environmental values added by treating the surfaces of metal products electrochemically and to know their methods and the most important solutions used in them. This will be done through the hypothesis that the application of electrochemical treatments to design and produce the appearance of the metal product surface achieves a great deal of environmental, aesthetic and technical compatibility and produces a metallic surface characterized by contrast between different conditions such as glossy surface, matte, dark and light surface and other surface appearance characteristics. According to a descriptive analytical method, based on several axes:- - Factors affecting the quality of the metal product surface. -Anodic electrochemical processing of metal products and their importance - Electrochemical methods used to improve the appearance of the metal product - Classification of anode electrochemical processes - Research experiments -Conclusion and discussion The research concluded with some results : 1 - The use of electrochemical systems in finishing has a positive impact on many factors affecting the quality of the surface product such as: contrast, harmony and luster as well as accuracy in the application of the appearance of the surface lines up to 0,2 mm in addition to friction and increase the shelf life of the surface the product . 2. Anodic electrochemical processes can be applied to most minerals and do not require skilled workers or distinctive technical skills at most stages. 3. Anodic electrochemical systems are characterized by very low economic cost compared with processes that produce similar results, such as laser and plasma operation and some mechanical processes, supporting their growth as a small industry. 4. Anodic processes are used to finish the surfaces of low-thickness metal products ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 millimeters, as well as solid metals that may be deformed or fractured when mechanically treated. 5 - Electrochemical etching methods are characterized by their efficiency with some products that are difficult to be dug by mechanical or non-conventional methods such as laser and plasma. Examples of these products are pipes with small diameters (from 20 to 8 millimeters,). 6 - Partial corrosion of some tools and means of operation may occur during the application of the Anodic processes, which affects the results of the process so it is preferable to manufacture these tools from the inactive metal such as titanium. 7 - Electrochemical processes do not have any stresses on the metal surface, and do not reduce stress, especially thermal and this give them a competitive advantage.

Este articulo arroja luz sobre las manifestaciones de la práctica racional en el pensamiento islámico entre la influencia aristotélica y griega encarnada por los esfuerzos teóricos de los pensadores y filósofos del Islam y al-Andalus como Averroes (Ibn Rušd), Ibn Ḥazm y Algacel (al-Ġazzālī), y destaca los esfuerzos por enraizar la práctica del raciocinio en el pensamiento islámico a través del empeño de Ibn Taymiyya por basar su teoría lógica en principios pragmáticos.

مدینة طرابلس واحدة من المدن الساحلیة الشامیة التى وقعت تحت وطأة حکم الصلیبیین لفترة من الزمان، وبعدما رحل عنها الصلیبیون بعد انتصار السلطان المنصور قلاوون تهدمت المدینة القدیمة، وشُیدت بدلا منها مدینة جدیدة على مسافة کیلومترین، ومع تهدم المدینة القدیمة اندثرت معظم المنشآت المعماریة التى تعود إلى عصور سابقة، ولم یتبق أی إرث معمارى یستند إلیه المعماریون فى تشیید عمائرهم، وأدى ذلک إلى فتح المجال فى العصر المملوکی لظهور طابع معماری جدید للمدینة یعتمد فی تکوینه على التأثیرات المختلفة الوافدة علیها، سواء من شرق العالم الإسلامی أو غربه، أو حتى من التأثیرات القریبة منه والمتمثلة فی المدن الشامیة المحیطة. وتهدف هذه الورقة البحثیة إلى دراسة بعض الـتأثیرات الإیرانیة والترکیة على عمارة مدینة طرابلس المملوکیة من خلال توضیح ماهیة هذه التأثیرات، وطرق انتقالها إلى مدینة طرابلس، ومحاولة معرفة السبب وراء ظهورها، وهل کان ذلک نتیجة تأثر مباشر بشرق العالم الإسلامى أم بشکل غیر مباشر عبر المدن الشامیة المحیطة بها مثل دمشق وحلب وغیرها، أو عن طریق مدینة القاهرة عاصمة الدولة المملوکیة والتى کانت طرابلس تابعة لها فى تلک الفترة.

Primary angiosarcoma of the breast is an extremely rare tumour with a difficult diagnosis and poor prognosis. We report a case of primary breast angiosarcoma diagnosed in the pathology department of the University Hospital of Oujda. An analysis of the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this type of tumour is made in this manuscript. Mastectomy is the standard treatment; the place of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is not well established. We report a case of a 18- year-old woman having an infectious symptomatology of the right breast for which she received an anti-infectious therapy inducing regression of inflammatory symptoms presented with a quick growing mass. Initial core needle biopsy showed a malignant vascular proliferation. The patient underwent a mastectomy. The tumor histology showed papillary formations and vascular structures lined by atypical cells with hyperchromatic nucleus and eosinophilic cytoplasm. The tumor cells expressed CD34 and CD31 but were negative for cytokeratin. The diagnosis of angiosarcoma grade I was made. The patient is now receiving chemotherapy. She is still alive.

La chirurgie thyroïdienne nécessite une parfaite connaissance de l'anatomie cervicale et les variations anatomiques, notamment celui du nerf laryngé inferieur afin d'éviter des lésions iatrogènes. L'objectif de notre étude était d'analyser les rapports du nerf laryngé inférieur, l'existence de branches de division nerveuses et une appréciation subjective du calibre du nerf. Il s'agit d'une étude prospective sur 1 an incluant 60 patients ayant bénéficié d'une thyroïdectomie. Soixante patients ont bénéficié d'une chirurgie sur la glande thyroïde entre février 2014 et janvier 2015 par le même opérateur principal (10 hommes et 50 femmes). L'âge moyen de nos patients était de 51 ans. Pour les hommes ont été réalisées 6 thyroïdectomies totales, 2 lobo-isthmectomies gauches et 2 lobo-isthmectomies droites. Pour les femmes ont été réalisées 33 thyroïdectomies totales, 8 lobo-isthmectomies gauches et 9 lobo-isthmectomies droites. À droite, le nerf était superficiel par rapport à l'artère dans 71,6% des cas, il était divisé dans 33,3% des cas et il était anormalement fin dans 16,6% des cas. À gauche, le nerf était profond par rapport à l'artère dans 83,3% des cas, il était divisé dans 15% des cas et il était anormalement fin dans 11,6% des cas. La connaissance des variations anatomiques du nerf laryngé inferieur est indispensable dans la chirurgie thyroïdienne, le risque est particulièrement important du côté droit vu le calibre parfois très petit et l'existence de branches division plus fréquente que du côté gauche.

Measuring rainfall precisely is always challenging due to its high variability, particularly in arid regions. Arid regions such as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), suffer from rainfall scarcity and high variability of rainfall distribution. Thus, accurate monitoring and management of rainfall are one of the countries’ priority to ensure proficient water resources management. This study validates the accuracy of the GPM IMERG rainfall products over the KSA and UAE to detect the large rainfall events over the period from 2015 to 2017 (two seasons). A temporal assessment was carried out to evaluate the performance of the GPM satellite to detect the rainfall events. The results showed that, for satellite detection, all of the three IMERG near real-time and post-real-time products had a significant detection accuracy. On the other hand, the error indicators showed that the final-run-product had a relatively low estimation error and bias compared with the other IMERG products. Overall, the results revealed that the IMERG final-run-product have the potential to serve as a consistent product to supplement ground measurements, particularly in regions with insufficient coverage by rain gauges. This study is considered one of the earliest evaluations of the GPM IMERG products in the region. Thus, the findings could be used to enhance the upcoming IMERG algorithms associated with the arid regions.

La péritonite secondaire est fréquemment rapportée dans la littérature. Les causes sont multiples. Nous rapportons un cas d'une perforation iléale par une cause exceptionnelle. Il s'agit d'une perforation iléale par un corps étranger lors de la réduction d'une hernie inguinale, responsable d'une péritonite grave avec tableau de défaillance multiviscérale.

L'ostéolyse post-fracturaire du sacrum est une entité radiologique rare mimant une pathologie grave. Nous en rapportons une observation. Notre patiente a été perdue de vue après que l'indication de biopsie soit retenue, et elle n'a reconsulté qu'après 4 mois. Au moment de la réalisation des coupes de repérage précédant la biopsie, nous avons constaté un changement d'aspect de la lésion associant une image linéaire (correspondant au trait de fracture) à une condensation des berges. L'évolution était bonne, sous repos, après 6 mois de recul. Notre cas illustre l'aspect atypique de l'imagerie et les difficultés diagnostiques qui s'y associent. La particularité de notre patiente est que sa symptomatologie était masquée par un conflit disco-radiculaire avec la racine L5 droite et que l'ostéolyse sacrée était de découverte fortuite à la tomodensitométrie.

تستهدف هذه الدراسة الوقوف على ما تتمتع به الرواية العربية المعاصرة من مظهر حداثي تجريبي يتعلق ببنيتها السردية. وتحديدا ما يشكل مسارا تجديديا أكثر قربا من المخيلة العربية وموروثها الضارب عمقا في الحكي، ألا وهو مسار التخييل المخاتل وما ينطوي عليه من غرائبية بائنة؛ حيث بدا أن الاتكاء على الثيمة وحدها، أو الامتياح من المدينة العربية بوصفها فضاء مكانيا للحدث، لم يعد سمتا غالبا على التجريب الفني في مدونة السرد العربي المعاصر. وفي المقابل بدا جنوح بعض الأعمال الروائية العربية إلى أحداث التغريب عبر تخييل الأحداث، والأمكنة، والحوارات، ورفع مستوى التكثيف والتوتر في اللغة، وهو جعل مهمة الدراسة هي رصد هذه المظاهر التخييلية المخاتلة على أنها أداة من أدوات التجريب الروائي المعاصر، أو ممارسة تجريبية تستند في حضورها السردي إلى موروث غير شائع الحضور على مستوى الواقع المعيش، وعلى مستوى الواقعة الفنية أيضا؛ وذلك من خلال التطبيق التحليلي على روايتين هما: رواية (366) للروائي السوداني أمير تاج السر، ورواية ( الروح الثامنة) للروائية المصرية نيرمين يسر 2014، ومتتبعين في ذلك سبيلا يمزج بعض مفاهيم الدرس الثقافي والسيميائي لتبيان التخييل السردي.

A la veille du Protectorat, le Maroc disposait un système fiscale hétérogène et assez peu performant. Il comportait plusieurs catégories : les anciens impôts coraniques, les droits de portes, les droits de marchés, les droits de places et de ventes, les droits de douanes, l’impôt sur les propriétés bâties, l’impôt sur les commerces, les droits d’enregistrement et droit de timbre ; chacune de ces catégories était le témoin d’une étape particulière de l’évolution du pays au cours du siècle précédent. Dès l’installation du Protectorat, les fiscalistes de la Résidence Générale procédèrent au remodelage de cet ensemble fiscal par la mise en place d’une fiscalité cohérente et harmonieuse conforme aux besoins d’un Etat moderne en aménageant, dans la mesure du possible, les divers éléments qui le constituaient ; compte tenu des nouvelles conjonctures économiques et politiques que connaissait le monde capitaliste, en l’occurrence le monde européen. D’autres éléments fiscaux furent crées pour couvrir les dépenses nécessaires au développement économique et social. Ainsi, le nouveau système fiscal marocain se caractérisait dans son ensemble par la modération de son assiette comparée au revenu national et par la prédominance des impôts directs par rapport aux impôts directs. En ce qui concerne les impôts directs, comme le tertib, les patentes et les suppléments sur les patentes, les prélèvements et salaires leurs rendements étaient marqués par l’irrégularité dans le temps, enregistrant une nette évolution notamment après la deuxième Guerre mondiale.

Rapunzel syndrome is an extremely rare complication of a gastric trichobezoar in. We report here the unusual case of a case of a 16 years old girl presented with severe abdominal pain and vomiting. Clinical examination revealed a malnourished girl, with presence of a mobile and sensitive abdominal mass of 20x15 cm witch filled the upper quadrant. An abdominal computed tomography scan showed a heterogeneous mass occupying the whole stomach cavity with extension into the third portion of the duodenum. A diagnostic of giant trichobezoar is suspected after further questioning reveling a trichotillomania, trichophagia and onychophagia. The removal of the trichobezoar endoscopically failed and it was possible to pull only few fibers of hair to comfort the diagnostic. She was subjected to an exploratory laparotomy. An antral gastrostomy were performed and a 25x10x7 cm trichobezoar was extracted. The patient had an uneventful postoperative outcome and was derived to psychiatry. Rapunzel syndrome is an uncommon trichobezoar, it's commonly found in young females usually with an underlying psychiatric disorder. Management requires gastrotomy. A psychiatric assessment and a long-term follow-up are advocated as a regular part of treatment to prevent recurrence.

INTRODUCTION: la cellulite maxillo faciale est urgence médico chirurgicale. Ces patients sont le plus souvent pris en charge au bloc opératoire d'une part pour la mise à plat et le drainage des collections et d'autres parts pour les prélèvements bactériologiques. L'anesthésie de ce genre de patient expose à des difficultés potentielles de contrôle des voies aériennes supérieures. METHODES: il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective réalisée sur une durée de 24 mois dans le pôle d'anesthésie réanimation et urgence de l'hôpital militaire Moulay Ismail de Meknès avec la collaboration des services de stomatologie et d'oto-rhino laryngologie. On été inclus tous les patients admis au bloc pour cure chirurgicale sous anesthésie générale d'une cellulite cervicale et/ou maxillo-faciale. RESULTATS: nous avons colligé 22 dossiers. Le sexe ratio était à 4,5 en faveur des hommes. L'âge moyen des patients est de 29 ans. Concernant la gestion des voies aériennes ; une intubation standard à l'aide de laryngoscope a été retenue chez la plupart des patients (17 patients). L'intubation vigile sous fibroscopie a été réalisée chez 3 patients, une trachéotomie première a été faite chez une patiente et une intubation rétrograde salvatrice a été retenue chez une autre patiente. CONCLUSION: deux défis guettent tout anesthésiste prenant en charge des patients présentant une cellulite cervico-faciale, un risque de ventilation difficile et un souci d'intubation laborieuse. Les deux risques sont à envisager de principe, et où une stratégie anticipative devra être élaborée.

Malaysia is experiencing high economic growth which requires the construction industry to fulfill development demands. Building Information Modelling (BIM) had been widely publicized by the government in order to increase the industry’s productivity by instigating numerous initiatives aimed to spearhead its progression. In contrast with the aspiration, architects as key players of construction industry are still facing issues in adopting BIM into practice. Previous researches had broadly covered about BIM in construction industry, but few concentrations in specific to the local architect thus imposing gap of knowledge. In addressing the issues, the research aim to probe the current state of BIM implementation, primarily on the challenges that hinders its adoption. The BIM factors which covers people, process, policy and technology were derived and investigated through the use of 322 questionnaires distributed to architects at management and operational level. The study revealed the key barriers that contributes towards the problem is within the people factor, where majority highlighted the lacked of skilled and experienced BIM workforce which contributes towards steep learning environment as well as high cost of applying BIM. Consequently, several key strategic solutions had been indicated through both external and internal factors in addressing the challenge of BIM. Results suggested that there is a need of further support from the industry’s professional bodies, development of legal instruments, BIM enforcement, specific BIM education as well as BIM R&D programs.

Numerous researches have been conducted to look for better design of cell architecture of redox flow battery. This effort is to improve the performance of the battery with respect to further improves of mass transport and flow distribution of electroactive electrolytes within the cell. This paper evaluates pressure drop and flow distribution of the electroactive electrolyte in three different electrode configurations of vanadium redox flow battery (V-RFB) cell, namely square-, rhombus- and circular-cell designs. The fluid flow of the above-mentioned three electrode design configurations are evaluated under three different cases i.e. no flow (plain) field, parallel flow field and serpentine flow field using numerically designed three-dimensional model in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. The cell exhibits different characteristics under different cases, which the circular cell design shows promising results for test-rig development with low pressure drop and better flow distribution of electroactive electrolytes within the cell. Suggestion for further work is highlighted.