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To inaugurate our series of conversations with scholars in journalism studies with a view to securing some useful insights into the history and practice of journalism education, Prof. Richard Lance Keeble appeared an obvious choice. Now an Honorary Professor at Liverpool Hope University, Prof. Keeble was first director of the International Journalism MA, then director of the Journalism and Social Science BA, at City University, London (1984-2003). He was then appointed Professor of Journalism (2003-present) at Lincoln University where he also became acting head of the Lincoln School of Journalism (2010-2013) and later a Visiting Professor at Liverpool Hope University (2015-2019). Prof. Keeble has been the recipient of prestigious and distinguished prizes, namely the National Teaching Fellowship Award (2011) and the Lifetime Achievement Award for services to journalism education (2014), the latter bestowed by the Association for Journalism Education in the UK. Parallel to his academic career, Prof. Keeble has always been a practising journalist. On completion of his studies in Modern History at Keble College, Oxford University (1967-70), he started a career in journalism, first as sub editor at the Nottingham Guardian Journal/Evening Post (1970-73) and then at the Cambridge Evening News (1973-77). He was deputy editor, then editor, of The Teacher, the weekly newspaper of the National Union of Teachers (1977-84). His dual pedigree in journalism, as a practitioner and a professor, led him to take on many editorial responsibilities. He is emeritus editor of Ethical Space: The International Journal of Communication and Ethics and joint editor of George Orwell Studies and is also on the board of an impressive number of journals, among which are Journalism Studies, Digital Journalism, Journalism Education, International Journal of Media and Cultural Politics, Media Ethics, Journalism: Theory, Practice & Criticism, to name just a few. Prof. Keeble was also Chair of the Orwell Society1 (2013-2020) and has authored or edited no less than 44 books. They include Ethics for Journalists and The Newspapers Handbook,2 respectively on their second and fifth editions, as well as several volumes on George Orwell, investigative journalism, and the British media. It was an honour and privilege to talk to Prof. Keeble in a phone interview on March 25, 2021. The conversation was transcribed while some passages were edited for clarity. I hereby express my immense gratitude for his time, generosity, expertise, and humour. It is such a thrill to start our series of interviews in a way that only makes us want more such conversations.

The Peutinger Table refers to a relay station called Sipia along the route linking the capital cities of Rennes and Angers. This can probably be located southeast of what is today the town of Visseiche (Ille-et-Vilaine). It has recently been the subject of a range of archaeological observations which, although incomplete, have enabled its principal features to be outlined.

Vingt-cinq ans après leur arrivée en France, les loups sont régulièrement ou épisodiquement présents dans plus de 30 départements, avec 57 zones de présence permanente. Depuis 2008, la progression interannuelle des animaux d’élevage retrouvés prédatés (ovins, caprins, bovins, équins…) est linaire, avoisinant les 12 000 en 2017. Il faut y ajouter les animaux disparus et les dégâts indirects : stress à effet durable, avortements, blessures internes et baisse de fertilité. La France a pourtant mis en oeuvre et généralisé depuis 2004 une protection élaborée des troupeaux : présence humaine renforcée, chiens de protection et parcs de nuit électrifiés. Comment expliquer alors cet échec ? Il y a deux principales raisons. D’abord, les paysages composés de prairies, pelouses, haies, lisières et sous-bois, favorisent la prédation. Mais surtout, les loups se sont adaptés. Très intelligents et opportunistes, ils profitent en France de leur statut légal de protection stricte, n’associant visiblement plus les troupeaux aux humains et les humains au danger. Face à des troupeaux regroupés en parc de nuit, ils opèrent la moitié de leurs attaques en cours de journée, y compris en présence de chiens et d’humains. Dans les pays où les humains sont autorisés à défendre les troupeaux activement et promptement, y compris par des tirs létaux, les loups se tiennent plus à distance et les pertes d’élevage sont bien moindres. Sans une régulation ciblée des loups en fonction de leur comportement vis-à-vis des troupeaux, c’est la viabilité de nos élevages de plein air qui est profondément remise en question.

L’autonomie des établissements s’est accrue dans les vingt dernières années dans la plupart des systèmes éducatifs. Ces derniers ont donc dû mettre en place des politiques de régulation pour orienter l’activité des agents dans les directions souhaitées par la nation. Alors que l’Angleterre et les Etats-Unis ont mis en place une régulation fondée sur les résultats (la distribution d’incitations, positives ou négatives, en fonction des performances des établissements scolaires ou des enseignants), la France joue plutôt d’une régulation par les processus (l’incitation à mettre en place des «formes pédagogiques» jugées pertinentes par les échelons centraux). Ces politiques sont ici décrites, puis confrontées du point de vue de leur cohérence et des tensions qu’elles suscitent, dans l’esprit de savoir si le modèle français est un modèle viable, alternatif au modèle anglo-saxon. La réponse est plutôt négative, en même temps qu’il apparaît que les pays anglo-saxons eux-mêmes mêlent de plus en plus les deux modes de régulation.

Au pâturage sur parcours, les petits ruminants développent un comportement opportuniste leur permettant de tirer profit de l’hétérogénéité et de la variabilité des ressources. Avec leur mâchoire étroite, ils peuvent trier les particules alimentaires, parmi les mélanges de tissus chlorophylliens et d’organes morts. Ils adoptent également des comportements adaptatifs de préhension, tel le " stripping ", consistant à dépouiller les tiges de leurs feuilles latérales par un mouvement vertical de traction. De leur côté, les végétaux réagissent parfois au broutement en modifiant leur morphologie. En Europe, un parcours composé de landes et de sous-bois comprend généralement des feuillages d’arbres et d’arbustes bien développés, ainsi que des lianes, ce qui lui confère comme atout de rendre possible une ingestion très rapide. En prélevant des masses importantes à chaque prise alimentaire (de 0,4 à 1,4 g de matière sèche environ), le petit ruminant peut investir du temps de tri, tout en maintenant durant son repas un flux ingéré supérieur à celui observé en prairie avec une hauteur d’herbe de 20 à 30 centimètres (autour de 0,5 g MS/min/kg PV0,75). Sur certains parcours en revanche, composés essentiellement de feuillages à petites feuilles et épineux, la préhensibilité devient un facteur limitant et l’ingestion est deux fois plus lente. En sous-bois, la disposition tridimensionnelle des aliments permet à l’animal de les saisir selon plusieurs angles d’attaque et de relever progressivement sa hauteur de broutement au fur et à mesure qu’ils se raréfient du fait du pâturage. Ces ajustements conduisent à limiter les variations du rapport feuilles/tiges dans son ingéré quotidien. Au cours du circuit de pâturage, l’animal enchaîne l’utilisation d’une série de sites de prélèvement où la "masse linéaire ingérée" est importante (grammes ingérés par mètre de déplacement), entrecoupée de phases de recherche et de diversification du repas. L’ingestion rapide sur certains sites laisse du temps à l’animal pour prospecter l’espace ainsi que pour ruminer des aliments parfois très cellulosiques. La valorisation en élevage d’un tel espace hétérogène passe par la mise à disposition du troupeau de secteurs de pâturage comprenant à la fois des sites de prélèvement rapide et des espaces intermédiaires de circulation et de diversification du repas.

The article presents a report on the relationship of gender and class of activists with labor unions. It states that during 1960s, militants used to join the protests by labor unions, and create violence and chaos. It mentions that it had become a big problem for the society because the trade union leaders were misused by such ant-social elements and the focus of their struggle was distracted.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports published within the issue on topics including respectable masculinity, boundaries between femininity and masculinity, and feminine care.

Copyright of Revue Française de Sociologie is the property of Presses de Sciences Po and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article reports on elderly private employers and their caregivers in France, and the diversity of possible configurations depending on how the elderly choose to employ their caregivers.

Predation by wolves affects all livestock farming systems, including those having different batches of animals being simultaneously grazed in distinct and sometimes distant fenced pastures scattered over a landscape. In the absence of a responsible human herding and watching over his flock or herd, livestock protection by the sole combination of fences and guard dogs is a new practice in France, that has not yet received much attention in public policy recommendations. We used several sources of knowledge, from the scientific literature to experiences of breeders interviewed in the Southern Alps, to analyse three issues to improve the effectiveness of the practice: the number of guard dogs required per batch of animals, the complementarity of dogs within their working group, and the land area to be protected by dogs. In each case, several dogs are necessary. Within their group, the guard dogs can play complementary roles and this optimizes protection. The rearrangement of dog groups during the year can cause difficulties. It may be appropriate sometimes to allow guard dogs to cross fences, so that they do not have to wait for wolves to jump or dig underneath. But in a densely populated and frequented country such as France, allowing protection by dogs on the periphery of fenced pastures faces a high risk of conflict with other land users. When grazing lands become risky areas for hikers or hunters confronted with guard dogs, the sustainability of outdoor livestock farming may be called into question.

Predation by wolves affects all livestock farming systems, including those having different batches of animals being simultaneously grazed in distinct and sometimes distant fenced pastures scattered over a landscape. In the absence of a responsible human herding and watching over his flock or herd, livestock protection by the sole combination of fences and guard dogs is a new practice in France, that has not yet received much attention in public policy recommendations. We used several sources of knowledge, from the scientific literature to experiences of breeders interviewed in the Southern Alps, to analyse three issues to improve the effectiveness of the practice: the number of guard dogs required per batch of animals, the complementarity of dogs within their working group, and the land area to be protected by dogs. In each case, several dogs are necessary. Within their group, the guard dogs can play complementary roles and this optimizes protection. The rearrangement of dog groups during the year can cause difficulties. It may be appropriate sometimes to allow guard dogs to cross fences, so that they do not have to wait for wolves to jump or dig underneath. But in a densely populated and frequented country such as France, allowing protection by dogs on the periphery of fenced pastures faces a high risk of conflict with other land users. When grazing lands become risky areas for hikers or hunters confronted with guard dogs, the sustainability of outdoor livestock farming may be called into question.

Copyright of Politix is the property of De Boeck Universite and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Societes Contemporaines is the property of Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'Economie Politique is the property of Editions Dalloz Sirrey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Française de Sociologie is the property of Presses de Sciences Po and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Introduction. – Fractured neck of femur is encountered more frequently as life expectancy increases. All anaesthetic techniques aim to avoid deleterious fall in arterial blood pressure. The haemodynamic effects of hypobaric unilateral spinal anaesthesia have been rarely assessed in patients over 80 year’s old. This study aims to do that in a prospective manner. Patients and methods. – Twenty-five patients were enrolled. Following a preload with HES 240/0.576 % (Hesteril®) (5 ml/kg) and the administration of an iliofascial block, patients were placed in the lateral decubitus position, operative side uppermost. 3.5 ml of 0.12% hypobaric bupivacaine was administered intrathecally at a rate of 0.25 ml/secondes. Patients were kept in position for 15 minutes. Systolic, mean and diastolic arterial pressures, heart rate, SaO2 % and ephedrine consumption were recorded at five minutes intervals as was the rate of onset, height and duration of sensory and motor block and extent of bilateralization. Patient and surgeon satisfaction scores were also recorded. Results. – No significant changes in systolic, mean and diastolic pressures, or SaO2 % occurred. Median onset times of sensory and motor block were 8±5 and 16±7 minutes on the operative side and 30±15 and 36±15 minutes on the contralateral side in those with bilateralization, respectively. The maximum height of sensory block was T 6 for sept patients, T 8 for huit patients and T 8–T 10 for the remainder. Mean duration of sensory and motor block was 134±26 and 119±24 minutes on the operative side and 100±26 and 98±25 minutes on the contralateral side, respectively. In 12 patients (48%) bilateralization of their block occurred. Patients and surgeons rated the technique highly. Conclusion. – Hypobaric unilateral spinal anaesthesia is a simple technique, produces satisfactory operative conditions and induces very little haemodynamic change in the elderly population. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Introduction: Fractured neck of femur is encountered more frequently as life expectancy increases. All anaesthetic techniques aim to avoid deleterious fall in arterial blood pressure. The haemodynamic effects of hypobaric unilateral spinal anaesthesia have been rarely assessed in patients over 80 year's old. This study aims to do that in a prospective manner., Patients and Methods: Twenty-five patients were enrolled. Following a preload with HES 240/0.576 % (Hesteril) (5 ml/kg) and the administration of an iliofascial block, patients were placed in the lateral decubitus position, operative side uppermost. 3.5 ml of 0.12% hypobaric bupivacaine was administered intrathecally at a rate of 0.25 ml/second. Patients were kept in position for 15 minutes. Systolic, mean and diastolic arterial pressures, heart rate, SaO2 % and ephedrine consumption were recorded at five minutes intervals as was the rate of onset, height and duration of sensory and motor block and extent of bilateralization. Patient and surgeon satisfaction scores were also recorded., Results: No significant changes in systolic, mean and diastolic pressures, or SaO2 % occurred. Median onset times of sensory and motor block were 8+/-5 and 16+/-7 minutes on the operative side and 30+/-15 and 36+/-15 minutes on the contralateral side in those with bilateralization, respectively. The maximum height of sensory block was T6 for sept patients, T8 for huit patients and T8-T10 for the remainder. Mean duration of sensory and motor block was 134+/-26 and 119+/-24 minutes on the operative side and 100+/-26 and 98+/-25 minutes on the contralateral side, respectively. In 12 patients (48%) bilateralization of their block occurred. Patients and surgeons rated the technique highly., Conclusion: Hypobaric unilateral spinal anaesthesia is a simple technique, produces satisfactory operative conditions and induces very little haemodynamic change in the elderly population.