Search

O artigo analisa a relação intermidiática entre poesia e fotografia na obra Tróiades, que integra a reunião Todos os nomes que talvez tivéssemos (2020). Segundo livro do poeta e crítico, tendo surgido, primeiramente, na forma denominada pelo autor de site-instalação (Flores 2020), com título homônimo e acessível pelo endereço: https://www.troiades.com.br. O site compõe-se de 25 fotografias selecionadas do Wikicommons, recortas e manipuladas pelo poeta (Flores 2020: n.p), precedendo o mesmo número de um gênero definido por Flores de poema-site. Dessa forma, objetiva-se interrogar se e em que medida as fotografias selecionadas, manipuladas e dispostas na obra de Gontijo Flores podem constituir uma poesia midiática, nos termos de Clüver (2012: 161) e/ou um poema mixmídia, compreendido a partir de um outro conceito produtivo: o iconotexto, proposto por Louvel (2006). Intenta-se, também, apresentar a presença de referências intermidiáticas que enformam, primeiramente, a materialidade e a singularização de cada mídia (Rajewsky 2012: 25; 24), bem como seu processo materialidade do produto mixmídia em dois poemas da referida obra, com vistas a constituir um gênero poético que questiona ao mesmo tempo em que reivindica novos operadores de leitura.

Self-Healing Smart Concrete has arisen as a promising solution to mitigate the detrimental effects of cracks and deterioration in concrete structures, enhancing their durability and longevity. It is a type of concrete that consists of substances or microbes which have the ability to self-heal fractures that may form over time as a result of a variety of circumstances including stress, weathering, or structural damage. As the laboratory experiments can be costly and time-consuming for analyzing the characteristics of Smart Concrete, machine learning algorithms can help to develop better formulations for the Self-Healing concrete. In this study, the machine learning (ML) tools are compared based on number of parameters to help determine the most suitable tool for creating predictive models. A total of 14 parameters were selected for comparison and 3 ML algorithms were identified through a detailed Literature Review viz. Random Forests Regressor, Extra Trees Regressor and Elastic Net Regressor. The results showed that the Extra Trees Regressor performed better in predictions giving 97.63% accuracy and with Standard Deviation value of about 0.005314 followed by Random Forests and Elastic Net Regressor. Therefore, Extra Trees Regressor can be applied to develop predictive model for assessing the performance of self-healing smart concrete.

Este artículo busca discutir la situación económica ecuatoriana desde la perspectiva de su política exterior durante los albores del siglo xxi. Con este fin, la investigación analiza los flujos comerciales de los gobiernos de Rafael Correa (2007-2017) y Lenin Moreno (2017-2020) y, sobre todo, los volúmenes de préstamos administrados por los respectivos presidentes. Se destaca el alineamiento sino-ecuatoriano frente al escenario del superciclo de commodities en la experiencia de la revolución ciudadana y, más recientemente, en un campo antagónico, la reanudación de una agenda neoliberal bajo el mandato de Lenin Moreno.

Esta entrevista tem como objetivo discutir com Claus-Steffen Mahnkopf, compositor e filósofo alemão, sobre questões que versam sobre a temática do material musical, dentre elas não apenas questões que dizem respeito às definições e narrativas possíveis que diversas(os) compositoras(es) e teóricas(os) apresentam sobre o conceito de material musical, mas também sobre os potenciais e desafios que perpassam o âmbito da composição musical hoje.

Energy efficient infrastructure is the need of the hour for sustainable development. Zero energy building (ZEB) is one of the concepts towards sustainability. One of the most effective ways to achieve sustainability is to convert existing buildings to zero energy buildings. In this study concept of zero energy building and various retrofitting techniques for conversion of existing building to zero energy is studied in detail. A case study of residential house in rural area has been done for retrofitting in which Building Envelope and Renewable Energy techniques are used for retrofitting. Cost analysis and recovery period of the retrofitting is carried out. The first 24 years are used to recoup the entire expense of the retrofit. Building is used for the remaining 16 years with the advantage of cost savings from retrofitting of Rs. 2, 87,445/-. From case study it is concluded that both the techniques are suitable and cost effective for conversion of residential house into zero energy building.

Despite the fact that the concrete is prone to fracture formation, it is a material that is widely utilized in the construction industry as it is affordable and easily available. Therefore, during the past two decades, there has been a surge in interest in self-healing materials, especially those that have the ability to repair themselves in environmentally friendly and sustainable concrete materials. However, because each research institute uses its own testing methods to determine how effective a treatment is, choosing the most efficient method is difficult. Self-healing concrete, also known as SHC, has the ability to heal and reduces the need to locate and repair internal damage, such as cracks, without the need for intervention from outside the structure. This helps in reducing the costs, increase durability and reduces reinforcement corrosion and concrete deterioration. This study provides a comprehensive overview of SHCs, taking into account the strategies, and effectiveness of self-healing. Based on the application, multiple self-healing concrete strategies are identified through Literature. Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making Tool (MCDM), Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP), it is found that out of five factors selected, Ease of Availability Factor got maximum preference and Performance Time Factor got least preference. Among four strategies identified, Chemical based Self-Healing has maximum weight followed by Bacteria based Self-Healing. Natural Self-Healing is least preferred. Besides, limits and future possibilities of SHC, as well as the area of interest research points for future examinations, are additionally effectively featured.

– Geopolymer concrete is an effective alternative to reduce adverse impacts of cement manufacturing on environment and achieving sustainable development. Road construction is a major sector, which utilizes concrete in large volume, having significant effect on environment. The present work is presented in two parts. In the first part, evaluation of CO2 emission for 1m3 of geopolymer and ordinary Portland cement concrete has been carried out and further compared. In the second part the results of first part are used to evaluate the CO2 emission for various types of road construction, National highway, State highway, Major District Road, Other District Road, Village Road for 1km of road. About 18 % of reduction in CO2 emission can be obtained by using geopolymer concrete instead of ordinary Portland cement concrete in road construction, just in 1km of stretch. Significant reduction in CO2 emission can be obtained in road sector by utilising geopolymer concrete leading to sustainability.

Today's cement concrete industry is a major polluter. Cement, used as a binder in cement concrete, is made by high-temperature combustion, which raises atmospheric CO2 levels and contributes to climate change and natural resource depletion. As raw supplies diminish, several governments begin to levy carbon taxes. Numerous research have been undertaken to produce an innovative and ecologically advantageous construction material known as Geopolymer concrete (GC) in order to minimise and eliminate greenhouse gas emissions. In order to connect coarse aggregates (CA), fine aggregates (FA), and other materials in GC and improve concrete quality while using fewer natural resources, it is essential to replace cement with a byproduct substance rich in silicon and aluminium, such as red mud, fly ash (FA), rice husk ash (RHA), silica fume (SF), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and others, activated by a high alkaline solution (AS). In this study were surveyed online and precast self-compacting geopolymer concrete's sustainability was examined. The data underwent factor analysis. Principal component analysis is used to extract factors. According to the research, there are 9 key variables to consider: Reduction in Carbon Footprint, Utilization of Waste Materials, Environmentally Friendly, Reduce Water usage during production, Low Maintenance, Augmentation of Mechanical Properties of Concrete, Natural Materials, Cost Effective, Reduction in Energy consumption during production. These are the nine primary sustainability criteria of Self-Compacting Geopolymer Concrete for Precast Construction.

Any programme or code that is damaging to our systems or networks is known as Malware or malicious software. Malware attempts to infiltrate, damage, or destroy our gadgets such as computers, networks, tablets, and so on. Malware may also grant partial or total control over the affected systems. Malware is often detected using classic approaches such as static programme analysis or dynamic execution analysis. The exponential rise of malware variations requires us to look beyond the obvious in order to identify them before they do harm or take control of our systems. To address these drawbacks, malware detection based on binary visualisation followed by the deployment of powerful machine learning techniques such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) performs better than the ones we now use. We use these discoveries in our efforts to identify malware in different files and websites. We strive to complete the objective by employing representations of malware software binaries. With this concept, we can construct a better bridge for developing a functioning model that can identify malware in real time.

Among noniatrogenic neuromuscular disorders, myasthenia gravis remains the most prevalent. Diagnosing this disorder may become challenging in certain cases such as in patients with coexisting comorbid illnesses and non-specific clinical symptoms. This is a case of atypical myasthenia gravis in a middle aged hypertensive male, who initially presented symptoms suggestive of an acute ischemic stroke. Upon later investigation, prompted by persistent symptoms, the patient was found to have AchR antibodies and had the rare finding of a fissured and atrophied tongue (reversible on treatment). It is a well known fact that brainstem strokes can present with bulbar weakness resulting in aspiration pneumonitis, as was with the clinical presentation in the below mentioned report. Due to the initial misdiagnosis, he had received medical therapy aimed towards stroke management and prevention. Further investigation leading to a definitive diagnosis, was followed by medical therapy with neostigmine, pyridostigmine and oral prednisolone, leading to significant improvement in symptoms. Hence as a mandatory measure, while dealing with a case of a new onset of weakness, especially in cranial musculature, myasthenia gravis must not be excluded from the list of differential diagnosis. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a potential ´stroke mimic´ especially in the elderly, however, due to recent change in trends of stroke statistics, this disease should be considered a possibility even in younger patients.

Abstract This article addresses two questions about purpose in life: what is mature purpose, and how can it be cultivated? We first outline a picture of mature purpose based in part on established purpose research, and point out new frameworks that can resolve missing pieces and tensions in the current paradigms. We contend that above and beyond fulfilling discrete criteria present in operational definitions, mature purpose requires agentic yet flexible commitment to worthy goals rather than simplistic adoption of expected goals. A review of purpose formation beyond the classroom identifies similar roles of parents, post-secondary educational institutions, and extracurricular activities for supporting development of mature purpose in the direction of agentic commitment, namely, encouraging processes of: active exploration, tentative commitment, and support in navigating and sustaining meaningful commitment.

The Indian state has conserved tigers by establishing reserves that are governed as a form of fortress conservation. Residence and local uses in these tiger reserves are often criminalized. It is in this context that we critique recent neoliberal attempts to estimate the economic value of ecosystem services from tiger reserves. Proponents of valuation argue that it will not only provide a justification for the reserves, but also recognize the importance of ecosystem services for human well-being. We use a political ecology approach to argue that economic valuation is never a benign tool, but is situated in wider institutional contexts that favor certain actors over others. In India, protected areas are being valued even as people living within them are being evicted and their use of the forest restricted. We draw from fieldwork in the Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Hills of Karnataka and conversations with Soligas. We ask how nature is made legible and who benefits from such legibility? We suggest that economic valuation can hide complex human-nature relationships and undermine different ways of knowing and 'valuing' landscapes. Key Words: tiger reserves, Karnataka, economic valuation

Embora nossos primeiros gramáticos tenham reconhecido a existência de diferentes modos de falar a língua portuguesa, parece ser Contador d’Argote o primeiro a empregar as palavras dialeto e gíria (para variedades do português) numa obra gramatical. Isso ocorreu na segunda impressão das suas Regras da Lingua Portugueza, à qual acrescentou informações em alguns dos capítulos da primeira impressão, necessárias “para a intelligencia dos Jdiotinmos da Lingua Portugueza”, e a quarta parte “para o ennino mais polido, e para a gente nobre”. Essa parte consta de um diálogo, entre M(estre) e D(iscípulo), que se inicia com: “M. Que quer dizer Dialecto?”. Depois, passa a identificar as principais “cantas de dialectos”: Dialectos locaes, de tempo e de profinnão. Mais que nomear, ele vai assinalando as diferenças que há entre eles, caracterizando-os, para finalizar a exposição falando do Dialecto runtico e dos Dialectos Ultramarinos. Nestes últimos (da India, Branil, &c), ressalta, há “muytos termos das linguas barbaras, e muytos vocabulos do Portuguez antigo”. E, fechando a “lição sociolinguística”, fala de hum genero de Dialecto, a que chamão Giria que, em Lisboa, os homens “a que chamão de ganhar ... unão algumas vezes entre ni” e também de uma outra Giria, a dos “niganos” ...

Although our early grammarians acknowledge the existence of different ways of speaking the Portuguese language, it seems to be Contador d‘Argote the first to employ dialect and slang (about Portuguese varieties) words in a grammatical work. This occurred in the second impression of its Rules of the Portuguese language, to which he added informations to the first impression, necessaries “for Portuguese idioms comprehension”, and the fourth part “for the most polite teaching and the noble people”. This part consists of a dialogue between M(aster) and D(iscipule), which begins with: “M. What does Dialect mean? Following this, the author begins to identify the main “castes of dialects”: local dialects, of time and profession. More than naming them, he points out their differences, characterizing them, to end the exhibition by speaking of the Rustic Dialect and the Overseas Dialects. In the latter (from India, Branil, &c), he points out that there are “many terms from Barbarian languages and many words from ancient Portuguese”. And, as a close to the “sociolinguistic lesson”, he speaks about another genre of Dialect, which they call Giria (slang) that, in Lisbon, men “what they call eventually workers… which sometimes they employ among themselves” and also of another Giria, that of the “Gypsies”.

Após 50 anos de sua morte, o pensamento de Che Guevara continua sendo objeto de discussões, reformulações e críticas. O seguinte estudo pretende debater a visão de América Latina e o conceito de revolução presente na obra de Ernesto Che Guevara. Para isso, à luz de seus textos sobre a guerrilha e a análise da Revolução cubana de 1959, o artigo estabelece as dimensões ideológicas do guevarismo e seu projeto para se pensar a revolução na América Latina. Com o objetivo de apontar as particularidades do pensamento de Che diante das demais correntes socialistas de seu tempo, em termos das táticas e estratégias revolucionárias, o presente estudo sinaliza para os avanços conceituais de suas contribuições. Ao mesmo tempo, sem perder de vista os equívocos e limites de suas formulações, o artigo, em seu término, almeja explanar uma crítica marxista em relação aos erros do foquismo e a percepção de Che Guevara sobre as condições materiais dos países latino-americanos durante os anos 1960.

A gramaticalização da frase “Que é feito de fulano?”, passando por “Que é de fulano?” resultou em “Que é de?”, seguida da contração entre a vogal do pronome e o verbo (que é > qué) “Qu’é de?” > “Quede?”, forma contracta empregada por Sá de Miranda, nascido em 1481 (trata-se, portanto, de forma já em uso na segunda metade do século XV) . Depois, esse quede adquire acento na última sílaba, provavelmente devido ao fato de ocorrer isolado, em fim de frase, na repetição enfática, onde recebe acento frasal (de intensidade três, contra a intensidade um, de vocábulo): “Quede o chapéu? Quedê?”. Por meio da retomada anafórica “Que é feito dele?”, reduzida para “Que é dele?”, resulta outra variante: quedele. Aparentemente, a variante cadê tem tido um uso mais corrente no Brasil, o que leva muita gente a afirmar que se trata de um brasileirismo. No entanto, as outras variantes – quede / quedê ou quedele / cadele – são empregadas em diferentes partes do país e algumas delas podem ser encontradas em textos do português europeu de diferentes épocas. The grammaticalization of the sentence “Que é feito de fulano?” became “Que é de fulano?” (“What about so-and-so?” “Where is so-and-so?”) and resulted in “Que é de?”, followed by the contraction of the pronoun’s vowel and the verb (que é > qué) “Qu’é de?” > “Quede?”, a contracted form used by Sá de Miranda, born in 1481 (it is, thus, a form currently used in the second half of the 15th century). Then, quede starts to be stressed in its last syllable, probably due to this being alone at the end of a sentence, in an emphatic repetition context, where it receives phrasal stress – whose intensity (3) is higher than that of a phonological word (1): “Quede o chapéu? Quedê?”. By the anaphora “Que é feito dele?” reduced to “Que é dele?”, which resulted in another variant: quedele. Apparently, the variant cadê has been more widely used in Brazil, what takes many people to claim it is a “brasileirismo” (a typical feature of Brazilian Portuguese). Nevertheless, the other variants – quede / quedê or quedele / cadele – are used in different parts of the country and some of them may also be found in European Portuguese texts of different centuries.

Rapidly growing technology and a digitally focused world have opened the door for a new wave of automation to enter the work force in the industry. Industry 4.0 plays a vital role in Supply chain management (SCM) which requires constant research and improvements due to high demand to meet their global competitive markets. As part of achieving this high demands, SCM has been incorporating the latest evolving technologies by digitalizing and automating themselves to increase their financial profits and competitiveness in the market. This paper aims to have a review on Supply Chain Management (SCM) and latest technologies in Industry 4.0 revolution.

Resumo: A língua portuguesa conheceu um recurso de indeterminação do sujeito correlato ao francês on, e proveniente da mesma fonte, o latim homine(m). Embora muito frequente em textos arcaicos, a forma homem desapareceu da língua portuguesa. Graças a uma edição crítica da obra Castelo perigoso, podemos talvez deslindar, em parte, as razões e a época do desaparecimento do pronome indefinido homem, resultado da gramaticalização do substantivo homem. Elisa Branco da Silva utilizou dois manuscritos da versão portuguesa (mss. Alc. 199 e 214, Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa), situando temporalmente o Alc. 199 na primeira metade do séc. XV, e o Alc. 214 como cópia tardia do primeiro, feita em finais dos anos quatrocentos ou início dos quinhentos. Tomando como base da edição o Alc. 199, ela põe em aparato crítico as diferenças encontradas o Alc. 214. Aí vamos encontrar uma diferença fundamental no tratamento dado às ocorrências de homem: o copista, muitas vezes, registra esse pronome antecedido do artigo definido. Esse fato pode nos balizar a época em que o caráter genérico desse recurso de indeterminação se tornou opaco: o copista teria interpretado a ocorrência como sendo (i) o substantivo homem, que precisa ser especificado com o artigo definido; (ii) como o homem, referência, por metonímia, à humanidade; ou, ainda, teria sofrido a concorrência da construção com o pronome se. Será demonstrado também que há diferenças entre o manuscrito e a versão impressa em outra obra (O cathecismo pequeno), conforme sua edição crítica.Palavras-chave: Pronome homem; indeterminação do sujeito; desgramaticalização; pronome se; transmissão de textos.Abstract: Portuguese knew a resource of subject indeterminacy related to French on, and from the same source, Latin homine(m). Although very common in old texts, the form homem disappeared of Portuguese. Thanks to a critical edition of the work Castelo perigoso, perhaps we can unravel, in part, the reasons and the time of the disappearance of the indefinite pronoun homem, a result of the grammaticalization of the noun homem. Elisa Branco da Silva used the Portuguese version of the two manuscripts (mss. Alc. 199 and 214, Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa), temporarily placing Alc. 199 in the first half of the 15th century, and Alc. 214 as a late copy of the first one, made in the end of the 15th century or in the beginning of the 16th century. Considering Alc. 199 as the basis for the edition, she puts in the critical apparatus the differences found in the copy. There we find a fundamental difference in treatment given to occurrences of homem: the copyist often registers this pronoun preceded by the definite article. With this fact we can delimit the time that the generic feature of the resource of indeterminacy became opaque: the copyist would have interpreted the occurrence as being (i) the noun homem, that must be specified with the definite article; (ii) as homem, reference, by metonymy, to humanity; or it even would have suffered the competition of construction with the pronoun se. It will be also shown that there are differences between the manuscript and the printed version in another work (O cathecismo pequeno), as we can see in its critical edition.Keywords: Pronoun homem; subject indeterminacy; desgrammaticalization; pronoun se; transmission of text.

This study introduces the Project that gave origin to one of the most important databases about oral language in Brazil. The Project on Urban Linguistic Variation in the South of Brazil (VARSUL), that started in 1990, initially comprised the three federal universities of the three States of Southern Brazil: Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) and Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). In 1993, the Project began to also rely on the Pontific Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUC–RS). The VARSUL Project aims at storing samples of speech realizations by inhabitants of socio-representative urban areas from each of the three states of the South of Brazil, stratified by location, age range, gender and education.

This paper presents an inclusive study and analysis of graphene-based MOSFET device at 32nm gate length. The analysis was based on top-gated structure which utilized Hafnium Dioxide (HfO2) dielectrics and metal gate. The same conventional process flows of a transistor were applied except the deposition of bilayer graphene as a channel. The analytical expression of the channel potential includes all relevant physics of bilayer graphene and by assuming that this device displays an ideal ohmic contact and functioned at a ballistic transport. Based on the designed transistor, the on-state current (ION) for both GNMOS and GPMOS shows a promising performance where the value is 982.857uA/um and 99.501uA/um respectively. The devices also possess a very small leakage current (IOFF) of 0.289578nA/um for GNMOS and 0.130034nA/um for GPMOS as compared to the conventional SiO2/Poly-Si and high-k metal gate transistors. However, the devices suffer an inappropriate subthreshold swing (SS) and high value of drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL).

This paper presents the modeling and optimization of 14nm gate length CMOS transistor which is down-scaled from previous 32nm gate length. High-k metal gate material was used in this research utilizing Hafnium Dioxide (HfO2) as dielectric and Tungsten Silicide (WSi2) and Titanium Silicide (TiSi2) as a metal gate for NMOS and PMOS respectively. The devices are fabricated virtually using ATHENA module and characterized its performance evaluation via ATLAS module; both in Virtual Wafer Fabrication (VWF) of Silvaco TCAD Tools. The devices were then optimized through a process parameters variability using L9 Taguchi Method. There were four process parameter with two noise factor of different values were used to analyze the factor effect. The results show that the optimal value for both transistors are well within ITRS 2013 prediction where VTH and IOFF are 0.236737V and 6.995705nA/um for NMOS device and 0.248635 V and 5.26nA/um for PMOS device respectively.

Neste trabalho, efetuamos a análise da variação no uso do pronome de segunda pessoa você(s) e suas variantes ocê(s) e cê(s) na cidade de Curitiba, Paraná. Para tanto, adotamos os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Sociolinguística Variacionista para descrever e demonstrar se a alternância no uso das variantes analisadas é influenciada por fatores linguísticos e sociais. A amostra compreende a análise de 44 informantes (banco Varsul), estratificados de acordo com o sexo; a escolaridade e a idade. Além da análise das entrevistas formais do Varsul, fizemos, também, com o suporte de Labov (1972; edição de 2008, p. 32), observações em muitas situações espontâneas: nos ônibus de Curitiba; em reuniões de escola; em lanchonetes; em restaurantes e em outros locais públicos nos quais o som da conversa pública pudesse ser ouvido e anotado (e, eventualmente, gravado). Da mesma forma como procedeu Labov, não nos valemos dessas anotações para a análise propriamente dita: elas serviram como amostra de controle para se checar a vitalidade das variantes de você(s) em uso e a sua distribuição. Os dados foram submetidos ao tratamento estatístico do Programa Goldvarb 2001.

This study introduces the Project that gave origin to one of the most important databases about oral language in Brazil. The Project on Urban Linguistic Variation in the South of Brazil (VARSUL), that started in 1990, initially comprised the three federal universities of the three States of Southern Brazil: Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) and Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). In 1993, the Project began to also rely on the Pontific Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUC–RS). The VARSUL Project aims at storing samples of speech realizations by inhabitants of socio-representative urban areas from each of the three states of the South of Brazil, stratified by location, age range, gender and education.

Copyright of Politique Étrangère is the property of Institut Francais des Relations Internationales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Documentaliste: Sciences de l'Information is the property of ADBS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Documentaliste: Sciences de l'Information is the property of ADBS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Documentaliste: Sciences de l'Information is the property of ADBS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Documentaliste: Sciences de l'Information is the property of ADBS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)