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In developed countries, the population is getting older and the prevention of infectious diseases is therefore a major public health issue for elderly. Infectious diseases preventable by vaccination, including influenza, pneumococcal infection, pertussis, herpes zoster infections, and to a lesser extent, diphtheria and poliomyelitis, are direct or indirect causes of hospitalization. Few data are available on the proportion of vaccinated elderly, the impact of the under nutrition, or immunosenescence on the quality of the immune response to vaccination and the level of protection. The infectious diseases preventable by vaccination are considered in this article, and the epidemic risk related to infectious diseases in older adults living in community, the specific vaccine recommendations, the vaccines available in France, the vaccine coverage of elderly, factors interfering with vaccine response, and future prospects in this area.

This work suggests that increased apoptosis limits the virus-driven expansion of TNFa T cells during untreated infection, but that the rapid suppression of apoptosis following antiretroviral therapy favours a pro-inflammatory polarisation of T cells, which could be a risk factor for metabolic and inflammatory side-effects associated to immune restoration.; Ce travail suggère que l'apotose régule différentiellement la demi-vie des populations lymphocytaires T productrices de cytokines. Processus anti-inflammatoire physiologique, l'apoptose exerce principalement son contrôle négatif sur les cellules T productrices de TNFa. Lors des traitements anti-rétroviraux combinés, la réduction de l'apoptose lymphocytaire est associée à une polarisation pro-inflammatoire qui pourrait favoriser la constitution des anomalies métaboliques mais aussi la survenue des pathologies inflammatoires associées à la restauration immunitaire.