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AbstractThe issue of combating noise and achieving legal protection for public tranquility is vital and important, in light of the modern technology that causes noise, and the increasing violations in using the horn, besides the misunderstanding of the freedom in practicing crafts without respecting others tranquility. The research aims to demonstrate the need of administration's intervene to protect public tranquility through its authority, consistent with the enforced legal legislation, with an indication of shortcomings in those legislations, especially in granting the authority to administration to withdraw the license and grant incentive rewards for environmentally friendly activities to implement thus legislations. Furthermore to insight the administration to its powers in those legislations and protecting public tranquility as one of the elements of the environmental public system, also to grant it more powers in this field.

كان كلام الإمام علي () ، بلا شك ، عبارة عن مظاهرات بلاغية ، ولكن عن المجهودات الإنسانية العليا التي يمكن أن تستخدم الأسلوب الأدبي كأداة وتحقيق أهداف عالية من الكلام. يتم تخصيص الكثير من محتوى كلمات الإمام علي () وفقًا لقيم إنسانية واجتماعية عالية للحفاظ على بنية الفرد والمجتمع. في الواقع ، فإن كل نهج البلاغة ، ولا سيما وصايا ، هي صرخة إنسان عظيم يتطور إلى عظمة التاريخ الذي يسعى إلى توفير حلول لشفاء الأمراض البشرية والداخلية وكذلك إلى حل الآلام الاجتماعية للإنسانية داخل المجتمع.

الملحمة هي شعر يقوم على هياج الشاعر وغضبه، أو على فخره بنسبه ونسب أهله وقبيلته.لم يذكر لنا تاريخ الأدب العربي ملاحم كتلك التي نشاهدها في الأدب الفارسي.يحتوي ديوان الحماسة لأبي تمام على بعض الميزات للملحمة التي وردت في شاهنامة للفردوسي، ولَمَّا يتناولها الباحثون بالدراسة.نجد بعد مقارنة الكتابين مؤشرات تدلنا على وجود مضامين مشتركة فيهما، كوصف السيف والحصان والحرب والشجاعة والبطولة والأبطال، والتفاخر بالنسب، واستخدام الرمح واللعب به، والإيمان بالقضاء الإلهي. كما أن هناك أيضاً صور خيالية مشتركة في الكتابين صُبَّت في القوالب البلاغية من الاستعارة والتشبيه وتشبيه التفضيل والإغراق. وقد كان الفردوسي شاعرا بارعا ذا اهتمام بالثقافتين العربية والفارسية، و مع أننا اتبعنا في هذا البحث خُطي المدرسة الإمريكية في المقارنة التي تهمل جانب التأثير والتأثر بين الأدبين إلا أننا نري أن الفردوسي كان ذا صلة بالدواوين العربية، وهذا يحفزنا إلي القول بأنه ليس من المستبعد تأثر هذا الشاعر بموضوعات ديوان الحماسة وصورها، إلا أنه من الصعب التحقق من ذلك، ولعلها كانت منبعثة من خيال الفردوسي نفسه

When we speak, our speech often involves evaluating and analyzing information drawn from a variety of sources. This applies to all professional dialects, absolutely without exception. Accordingly, clinicians, in the hospital setting, evaluate the information in terms of its reliability and the extent to which they directly perceive it. The main objective of the research is to show how doctors in the TV series "The Good Doctor" use certainty terms to construct frameworks of credibility and responsibility that underpin medical work. The results indicate that doctors often use direct affirmative terms as they express their credibility through their senses.

Humeral pseudarthrosis are common with a non-union rate after fracture between 8% and 13%. Several operative methods have been described for the treatment of humeral pseudarthrosis. The aim of this study was to assess a new approach based on compression using a monoplane external fixator without graft. This study was conducted in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and Traumatology of Habib Bourguiba University Hospital in Sfax-Tunisia between April 2009 and September 2018. Fifty-eight patients were operated on using a dynamic monoplane axial fixation device with continuous compression by manipulating the compression system of the fixator. All the cases were evaluated according to the modified Stewart and Hundley classification. The fracture was located in the middle third in 53.4% of the cases. The pseudarthrosis was hypertrophic in 34.5% of the cases. Fifty-four patients were treated with this method as a first cure of non-union and four patients had previously a first cure for their pseudarthrosis. We noted 11 septic pseudarthrosis. The average follow-up was 47.2 months. We obtained consolidation in 98% of the cases. The average consolidation time was 5.1 months. Based on the modified Stewart and Hundley criteria, 75.8% had very good results. This study highlights that a continuous external compression is effective in the treatment of non-unions, as it allows consolidation without opening the pseudarthrosis site and without bone grafting while having satisfactory anatomical and functional results.

The choice of the type of stabilization device in the osteosynthesis of dorso-lumbar spine fractures remains a subject of controversy. The present study aims to evaluate the efficiency of short segment in patients suffering post-traumatic thoracolumbar fractures. This study was conducted in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology of the Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia. All our patients had a spinal osteosynthesis via the posterior approach with a short segment pedicle screw fixation. We established a record of the pre and post-operative data, the functional results in the post-operative stage during the follow-up period and in retrospect according to the Denis Pain Scale, as well as the Oswestry score. The the correction was evaluated by determining the relative gain and loss at the last period of retrospect: Vertebral kyphosis, Regional kyphosis, Gardner Segment Kyphotic Deformity, and CT scan in retrospect to check the quality of the arthrodesis. The average Oswestry score was 14%. Twenty-nine patients had an Oswestry score ≤40%. The relative gain obtained postoperatively was 57.3% for vertebral kyphosis, 67.2% for regional kyphosis and 71.3% for Gardner kyphosis deformity; while the loss of correction at the last follow-up was 0.6° for vertebral kyphosis, 1.5° for regional kyphosis and 0.9° for GSKD. No cases of non-union were reported. The short segment fixation makes it possible to limit operating time, the abundance of bleeding and the aggression of the soft tissues.

The production of spatially detailed quantitative maps of water level variations in flooded vegetation, and the detection of flow patterns and discontinuities in both managed and natural wetland ecosystems provide valuable information for monitoring these unique environments. Hydrological monitoring of wetlands is also critical for maintaining and preserving the habitat of various plant and animal species. Over the last two decades, advances in remote sensing technologies have supported wetland monitoring and management in several aspects, including classification, change detection, and water level monitoring. In particular, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has emerged as a promising tool for hydrological monitoring of wetland water bodies. However, a comprehensive review of the status, trends, techniques, advances, potentials, and limitations of this technique is lacking. In this study, we evaluate the use of InSAR for hydrological monitoring of wetlands, discuss the main challenges associated with this technique, recommend possible solutions to mitigate the main problems identified in the literature, and present opportunities for future research. RÉSUMÉ La production de cartes quantitatives détaillées de la variation du niveau d’eau de la végétation submergée et la détection des régimes d’écoulement et des discontinuités fournissent des renseignements importants sur les milieux humides, tant à l’état naturel que dans les zones aménagées. La surveillance hydrologique des milieux humides est essentielle au maintien et à la préservation de l’habitat de la faune et de la flore. Au cours des deux dernières décennies, les progrès techniques en télédétection ont contribué à la surveillance et à la gestion des milieux humides à plusieurs égards, dont la classification, la détection des changements et le suivi du niveau d’eau. En particulier, l’interférométrie par radar à synthèse d'ouverture (InSAR) s’est avérée un instrument prometteur pour la surveillance hydrologique des étendues d’eau en milieu humide. Il manque cependant une revue exhaustive de l'état, des tendances, des techniques, des avancés, du potentiel et des limitations de cette approche. Dans la présente étude, nous évaluons l’utilisation de l’InSAR pour la surveillance hydrologique des milieux humides, nous discutons des défis liés à cette technique, nous recommandons des solutions potentielles pour mitiger les problèmes principaux identifiés dans la littérature et nous présentons des possibilités de recherche future.

Mixtures of recycled tyre aggregates and common granular geo-material such as gravel and sand have been widely used for various applications in geotechnical engineering, such as backfill, lightweight construction geomaterial and pavement subbase layers. The mechanical properties and characteristics of various soft-rigid granular blends has been extensively studied in the past. The main objective of these studies is to determine suitable mix designs for different applications and provide a better understanding of material response under applied loads. Experimental and numerical studies indicate the paramount importance of particle interaction at the microscale on the response of the soft-rigid granular mixtures at the macro scale. The stark contrast in stiffness (or flexibility) of soft tyre particles to rigid sand or gravel particles, means that in the soft-rigid mixtures under shearing or compressive loads, the deformation of soft tyre particles and continuous change of shape and contact area and hence constant evolution of frictional resistance plays an important role in the behaviour of these blends. In the present research mixtures of gravel and tyre particles in a range of volume ratios and size ratios were modelled using DEM (discrete element method) and calibrated to match one-dimensional compressibility experimental data obtained by the team. The effect of the shape of soft particles on the compressive response of soft-rigid granular mixtures is studied through rolling resistance in DEM. The role of rolling friction is studied in detail. Rolling resistance is found to be an important parameter to simulate the behaviour of the particle shape of these mixtures. Microscopic studies like spin analysis and share of contact force is performed to understand the observed response better. However, the increase in rolling resistance value beyond a calibrated value is found to have little impact on the macroscopic behaviour of these mixes.

Internal erosion is a major threat to the safety and operation of water management structures. Recent failures of embankment dams reported in Australia, Canada, and the US are fresh reminders of the importance of this ongoing issue. Suffusion, the focus of this paper, is one of the main modes of internal erosion occurring in internally unstable soils. It initiates internally, continues slowly with no visible signs, and leads to complete failure if not detected early. Despite recent advances in understanding the influence of suffusion on the mechanical behaviour of internally unstable soils through laboratory investigations, the impact of sample preparation techniques on the soil response during erosion and afterwards is yet to be fully undrstood. When it comes to laboratory investigation of remoulded soils, it has been understood that soil specimens prepared by different techniques show different characteristics and soil fabrics. This research studied the influence of sample preparation methods on the erosion of non-plastic fine particles in internally unstable soils and their mechanical consequences. Soil samples with two gradations, on the borderline of stable and unstable and one fully unstable, were prepared using moist-tamping and wet pluviation techniques and were subjected to a two-hour downward seepage. The erosion progress and pre- and post-erosion drained mechanical behaviour of samples were investigated. Tests result showed a difference in the erodibility of fine particles for the sample on the borderline of internal stability prepared by different techniques, but similar mechanical behaviours for both gradations.

We report the case of a 14-year old boy with penile urethral diverticulum occurred after urethromeatoplasty performed due to circumcision injury. This study and literature review aim to describe the diagnostic and therapeutic features of urethral diverticulum., Competing Interests: Les auteurs ne déclarent aucun conflit d'intérêts., (© Mahdi Graiouid et al.)

Alterations of the nail unit in children may be congenital or acquired, may be an isolated finding or part of a systemic problem or a syndrome. In this article we describe the most common childhood nail changes and underscore some important clinical clues that should motivate further investigations. Moreover we give a brief overview of the management of these nail pathologies., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

Cardiac myxomas are the most common type of primary cardiac tumors. They mainly affect the interatrial septum and exceptionally the heart valves. Surgical excision remains the only therapeutic alternative. We here report the case of a 69-year old patient with no significant pathological history suffering from NYHA class II-III dyspnea associated with lipothymia. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a tight calcified aortic narrowing with aortic valve gradient of 58 mmHg. A sessile mass of 15mm diameter inserted into the posterolateral leaflet, without stenosis or mitral regurgitation evoking an atypical localization of myxomaor or fibroelastoma was detected at the level of the mitral valve. The examination was supplemented by ETO which confirmed the diagnosis of a mass involving the posterolateral leaflet. The patient underwent surgery via median sternotomy, under conventional extracorporeal circulation. Left atriotomy allowed to objectify a sessile mass of 15mm of diameter involving the auricular wall of the friable and easily cleavable posterolateral leaflet. Cauterization of the implant base via electric scalpel was then performed without any additional gesture on the posterolateral leaflet. Anatomopathologic analysis of the surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis of myxoma. The patient also underwent aortic valve replacement with mechanical prosthesis. The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 8. Cardiac myxoma involving the mitral leaflet is very rare. Surgical procedure attempting to resect the widest possible surgical margins remains the only therapeutic option to avoid the risk of recurrence., Competing Interests: Les auteurs déclarent ne pas avoir de conflits d'intérêts en relation avec cet article.

Subaortic diaphragm is characterized by a certain clinical latency and low morbi-mortality. Surgery remains the treatment of choice despite the real risk of long-term recurrence. Our study involved 18 patients with subaortic diaphragm operated between April 1994 and March 2011. The average age was 18.1 ± 9.7 years, 11 patients were male. The diaphragm was fibrous in 13 patients and fibromuscular in 5 patients. All patients underwent diaphragm resection associated with myectomy, aortic plasty, closure of ventricular septal defect and permeable ductus arteriosus ligation in 3, 3, 2 and 2 patients respectively. Operative mortality was zero and there were no cases of postoperative conduction disorder. With a median follow-up of 44.3±36.8 months, there was no late death. Two patients had a diaphragm recurrence which required reoperation with good evolution. The current trend in diaphragm surgery is towards early interventions and more extensive resections. However, the risk of recurrence requires a systematic and close ultrasound monitoring.

As there has been little research into the epidemiological status of bovine neosporosis in Algeria, the main aims of this study were to confirm the circulation of Neospora caninum in the country and to determine its seroprevalence in dairy cattle in five provinces of Algeria's central northern region by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence. A serological study of 186 dairy cattle declared brucellosis-free established an overall seroprevalence of 12.37%, confirming that N. caninum is circulating in dairy cattle and underlining the need to introduce systematic serological screening for neosporosis to limit its spread and prevent it from being perpetuated on Algerian farms.

Aim: To evaluate hemodynamic repercussion of a protocol of spinal anesthesia (SA) for cesarean and release the predictive factors of maternal arterial hypotension post spinal anesthesia., Methods: We included parturients proposed for Cesarean under SA. They were not included the women of statute ASA > II, preeclamptics, eclamptics and/or having counter-indications of SA. We excluded the cases where there were technical difficulties at the time of the realization of SA, a failure or a complication of this SA. We injected 10 Mg of bupivacaïne 0.5% isobar, 10 μg of fentanyl and 100 μg of morphine. The data were collected before the realization of SA (anthropometric parameters; antecedents; basic systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BSBP and DSBP) and basic heart rate (BHR)) and after SA (systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), heart rate (HR); occurred or not of a sympathetic block (falls of the SBP of more than 20% of its basic value or a SBP<90 mm Hg); the time of installation of the sympathetic block and the duration of hypotension., Results: The full number of parturients included was 1016 among whom 16 were excluded. Only 1000 parturients finished the study and were divided into 2 groups (group 1: 500 emergency cesarean and group 2: 500 elective cesarean). The incidence of the sympathetic block was of 44.2% as a whole and this block was significantly more frequent in group 2 (p=0.0001). There was a significant relation between the incidence of a sympathetic block and the advanced age of the parturient (p=0.0001), the important weight (p=0.047), high ASA statute (p=0.0001), the presence of hypertension (p=0.0001), diabetes (p=0.001) or cesarean (p=0.00015) in the antecedents and the low BSBP (p=0.015)., Conclusion: In spite of the beneficial effect of the reduction in the amounts of local anesthetic in the SA, the sympathetic block remains frequent after SA for Cesarean. Thus, it is essential to detect the high risk women of occurred of sympathetic block after SA, and to propose strategies of prevention, monitoring and management for this population.

Background: The regularity of a compressive knit is defined as its ability to perform its function in a burnt skin. This property is essential to avoid the phenomenon of rejection of the material or toxicity problems But: Make knits biocompatible with high burnet of human skin., Methods: We fabric knits of elastic material. To ensure good adhesion to the skin, we made elastic material, typically a tight loop knitted. The Length of yarn absorbed by stitch and the raw matter are changed with each sample. The physical properties of each sample are measured and compared. Surface modifications are made to these samples by impregnation of microcapsules based on jojoba oil., Results: Knits are compressif, elastic in all directions, light, thin, comfortable, and washable for hygiene issues. In addition, the washing can find their compressive properties. The Jojoba Oil microcapsules hydrated the human burnet skin. This moisturizer is used to the firmness of the wound and it gives flexibility to the skin., Conclusion: Compressive Knits are biocompatible with burnet skin. The mixture of natural and synthetic fibers is irreplaceable in terms comfort and regularity.

Background: Rheumatic tricuspid valve dysfunction is the rarest of all valvular disease and is often associated or secondary to left-sided valvular disease. She often realize tricuspid regurgitation. The surgical treatment is generally conservative but also it can be radical generally using bioprotheses., Aim: to assess the epidemiology of the rheumatic tricuspid dysfunction, the average diagnoses and its therapeutic. To evaluate the results of the surgical techniques, the factors of prognosis and to determine the therapeutic regarding an in front of important and symptomatic residual tricuspid regurgitation a long time after a valvular surgery first of the left heart., Methods: A retrospective, single center of 84 consecutive patients having one significant tricuspid dysfunction regurgitation and/or significant stenosis of rheumatic origin. Hospitalized and followed between January 1992 and March 2008 in cardiology to the hospital Habib Thameur., Results: The prevalence of the rheumatic tricuspid dysfunction was 8.42%. 70% of the patients had a tricuspid regurgitation. The average Age of our patients was 40 years. Our population consisted of 65.5% women. 21% of the patients had benefited at least from a percutaneous mitral dilation. 31% of the patients had antecedents of valvular cardiac surgery. 53% of the patients presented clinical signs of preoperative right cardiac failure and 58% of the patients were in permanent auricular fibrillation. The tricuspid regurgitation was major at 12% of the patients, severe at 88% of the patients, organics at 21% of the patients and functional at 31% of the patients. The average of the systolic pulmonary blood pressure was with 55+-16.8 mm Hg. All the patients had an associated left valvulopathy. The average of the ejection fraction of the left ventricle was 56+12.6%. The dilation of the right cavities was noted at 70% of the patients. The patients of our series were subdivided in two distinct groups. The first group gathers 30 patients who were operated of tricuspid in same operational time as the surgery of the left valves. The surgical gesture on the tricuspid was always conservative. 70% of the patients profited from a tricuspid annuloplasty. Hospital mortality is 10%. 26% of the patients presented a significant residual tricuspid regurgitation after 60 months. 26% of the patients presented late cardiac failure. Late mortality was from 30% to 5 years and 43% to 10 years. The second group is represented by 54 patients not operated on the tricuspid. 30 patients (81%) presented one or more episodes of late cardiac failure. 50% of the patients died during the late follow-up. Among operated patients of the tricuspid, the predictive factors of the residual tricuspid regurgitation post operational are the age<35 years and the mitral disease. The stage NYHA=4 was the only predictive factor of hospital mortality. The predictive factors of late right congestive heart failure postoperative are the clinical signs of preoperative right heart failure and the antecedents of mitral replacement. The predictive factors of late total congestive heart failure postoperative l are the functional tricuspid regurgitation and stage 4 of the NYHA., Conclusion: The benefit of a systematic initial correction of a voluminous tricuspid regurgitation and even of average importance realized prematurely in same operation time that the left valvular gesture was largely shown. The late appearance of functional tricuspid regurgitation after mitral valve surgery is a pejorative marker in the evolution of these patients.

Introduction: Enlargement of the thymus following remission of a cancer treated by chemotherapy poses a problem of differential diagnosis between benign thymic hyperplasia and relapse of a mediastinal tumour., Case Report: We report the case of a thymic tumour developing 6 months after chemotherapy for ovarian cancer in a woman of 31 years. Because of the risk of a mediastinal recurrence, the patient was submitted to thymectomy by mediastinotomy. Histopathological examination revealed benign thymic hyperplasia in reaction to the chemotherapy. The postoperative course was uneventful., Conclusion: Benign thymic hyperplasia may develop after chemotherapy. It is an inflammatory reaction that subsides after a few months. A multidisciplinary discussion to consider the possibility of benign hyperplasia may save the patient unnecessary surgery., (Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Infantile cutaneous hemangioma is a benign vascular tumour present at 10% of the infants. It forms part of the group of the vascular tumours in the classification of international society for vascular anomalies (ISSVA). Usual surgical attitude is abstention and surgery is proposed only in order to treat sequelae. But some particular situations require early surgery to avoid functional impairment, deformation or growth delay due to the lesion's development. Using our observations, we recall the epidemiology, the physiopathology, the clinical aspects, the particularities of the facial localizations and their treatments. In these localizations the time intervenes like a fourth dimension that is going to modify, to improve or to aggravate the prognosis. Treatment requires a strategy and precocious surgery. We insist on the fact that the dogma of the therapeutic abstention remained true for a majority of children with small size hemangioma and that a precocious surgery must be proposed for some localizations in the face.