784 results on '"MERCURY"'
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2. Methylmercury dietary pathways and bioaccumulation in Arctic benthic invertebrates of the Beaufort Sea
- Author
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Christine McClelland, John Chételat, Kathleen Conlan, Alec Aitken, Mark R. Forbes, and Andrew Majewski
- Subjects
Arctic Ocean ,Beaufort Sea ,benthic invertebrate ,mercury ,stable isotope ,fatty acid ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 - Abstract
This study investigated methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in Arctic benthic invertebrates from two shelf sites in the Canadian Beaufort Sea. Carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotopes and fatty acids were measured to examine diet influences on MeHg concentrations in 476 individuals from 53 taxa of benthic invertebrates representing three different feeding guilds. Taxonomic identifications were based on DNA-barcoding and traditional taxonomy. MeHg concentrations ranged from 3 to 421 ng/g dry weight and increased over three trophic levels (δ15N range = 4.4–14.2‰). Organic matter sources had small but significant influences on MeHg bioaccumulation in the benthic food web. Carbon stable isotope ratios (δ13C, range = −25.5 to −19.8‰) were positively correlated with MeHg concentrations, suggesting greater reliance on benthic carbon contributed to higher concentrations. Sulfur stable isotopes were unrelated to MeHg concentrations. Fatty acids suggested feeding on diatoms versus dinoflagellates, and reliance on benthic resources influenced MeHg concentrations. Higher MeHg concentrations were observed at the site closer to the Mackenzie River mouth than the Cape Bathurst site. This study generated the most taxonomically rich dataset of MeHg concentrations in invertebrates from the Arctic marine benthos to date and provides a basis for future research on food web MeHg dynamics in the Canadian Beaufort Sea.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Hic perfidia uici ! Tricher aux jeux de dés à l’époque romaine
- Author
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Thomas Daniaux
- Subjects
cheat ,crooked dices ,gambling ,lead ,mercury ,rigged dices ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Cheating practices in ancient games are not yet well known, but recent research carried on special dices with strange shapes, measurements and pip patterns throw new light on these illegal practices. Experiments and probability calculations allow some interpretations about the kind of the games in which they could be used. If the dishonest use of dice on which some numbers are doubled is debated, there is no doubt about other ones showing traces of structural modifications found in France, Switzerland, Germany, Spain, and Belgium. The singularity of these eight bone dices is visible only by breaks, cracks, and absence of dowels closing selected pips through which the inside is carved and filled with dense substances. This paper aims to make a state of the knowledge about the different methods to crook a dice, to use it, and observes its distribution in the Roman society.
- Published
- 2022
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4. Des coopératives minières équitables? Difficultés et réajustements de la filière « équitable » dans les mines aurifères artisanales et à petite échelle en Bolivie.
- Author
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LE GOUILL, CLAUDE and HERBOZO, HERNAN
- Abstract
Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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5. Cinabrio y mercurio en Teotihuacán y, en particular, en el túnel bajo el templo de la Serpiente Emplumada, México
- Author
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Julie Gazzola
- Subjects
cinnabar ,mercury ,symbolism ,ritual uses ,Teotihuacan ,Feathered Snake Pyramid ,History of Civilization ,CB3-482 - Abstract
The cinnabar, a vivid red pigment, has been used by many ancient cultures around the world. Teotihuacan is one of the Mesoamerican capitals that used it. The physical characteristics of the mineral and its blood-red color gave it particularly high value and significance. A detailed study on the occurrence of the mineral in Teotihuacan revealed its particular use in funerary and ritual domains as well as in mural painting. On the one hand, this mineral can be considered as an indicator of social status, this resource—of prestige—being reserved for the elites and, on the other hand, its deposit on the body of the deceased was part of a ritual linked to the notion of rebirth. The discovery of cinnabar and mercury in the recently excavated tunnel under the temple of the Feathered Serpent, one of the most emblematic monuments of the city, confirms the symbolic importance of these two elements and their links with the cosmological thought of the ancient Mesoamerican cultures.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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6. Des coopératives minières équitables ? Difficultés et réajustements de la filière « équitable » dans les mines aurifères artisanales et à petite échelle en Bolivie.
- Author
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Claude Le Gouill and Hernan Herbozo
- Subjects
gold panning ,mining activity ,fair trade ,mercury ,informal work ,Bolivia ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
In 2010, the Cotapata cooperative in Bolivia was the first artisanal mining organisation to sell "fair trade" gold globally, followed in the country by the "15 de agosto" cooperative and Yani. In all three cases, however, the miners decided not to maintain the certification after a few years, in the context of a gold rush that was heavily criticised for its labour practices and environmental consequences. After describing the difficulties in developing this certification, we will show how the institutions involved in the responsible gold approach in Bolivia have taken account of these failures to reorient their framework of action more directly towards penetrating the 'frontiers' of artisanal gold mining in Bolivia, according to a model of 'progressive adaptability' that takes into account local mining contexts. This framework is aimed more at formalising cooperatives and establishing socio-environmental education work with miners, based on a more horizontal approach that partly breaks the top-down processes of fair-trade certification.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Synthesis of biosourced silica–Ag nanocomposites and amalgamation reaction with mercury in aqueous solutions
- Author
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Azat, Seitkhan, Arkhangelsky, Elizabeth, Papathanasiou, Thanasis, Zorpas, Antonis A., Abirov, Askar, and Inglezakis, Vassilis J.
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Rice husk silica ,biosourced silica ,silver nanoparticles ,nanocomposites ,silicon hydride ,mercury ,amalgamation ,Biochemistry ,QD415-436 ,Physical and theoretical chemistry ,QD450-801 ,Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
This paper focuses on the synthesis of a new silver nanocomposite adsorbent derived from rice husk as raw material. The synthesis is based on triethoxysilane chemistry and the reduction of silver without the aid of reductant chemicals. The derived AgNPs@SiO2 nanocomposites are fully characterized and then used for the removal of mercury (II) from aqueous solutions. The results demonstrated that the affinity of the composite for mercury is high and the removal mechanism is adsorption accompanied by a redox reaction between mercury and silver followed by the formation of calomel and amalgams between silver and mercury. The silver–mercury reaction is complex, and its stoichiometry seems to scale with the silver content. Besides the importance of the surface reactions, the successful implementation of biosourced silica for mercury removal from water is useful for the development of strategies for the valorization of agricultural waste and boosts the concept of circular economy and bioeconomy.
- Published
- 2020
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8. The current status of mercury repair technology in the environment
- Author
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Mu Kaijie, Fang YuJie, and Wang Jingzhen
- Subjects
mercury ,physical repair technology ,chemical repair technology ,biological repair technology ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Physiology ,QP1-981 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
In recent years, due to the pollution of heavy metals in the environment, it has brought a serious crisis to my country's ecological balance, especially the pollution of heavy metal mercury (Hg), so the repair of mercury in the environment is crucial. At present, there are many technologies for repairing mercury in the environment. The main repair techniques include physical repair technology and chemical repair technology. However, there are many problems in these two repair methods, such as high repair costs, and it is easy to cause secondary pollution. Microbial repair method is a method of repairing the environment. It can not only adsorb and fix heavy metal mercury, and does not bring pollution to the environment. Therefore, using microorganisms to remove mercury in the environment is by far the most promising environmental repair technology.
- Published
- 2023
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9. Pustulose exanthématique aiguë généralisée imputable au Phloroglucinol (Spasfon®): Un cas au Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Yaoundé, Cameroun.
- Author
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Kouotou, Emmanuel Armand, Maffo, Nina, Degboe, Bérénice, Mendouga Menye, Coralie Reine, Défo, Défo, Kouassi, Alida, and Atadokpede, Félix
- Subjects
- *
DRUG eruptions , *ENTEROVIRUS diseases , *ALLERGENS , *CYTOMEGALOVIRUSES , *MERCURY , *DRUGS - Abstract
Described for the first time in 1980 by BEYLOT et al, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a rare and serious condition characterized by the sudden onset of a pustular and scarlatiniform febrile rash. In more than 90% of cases it is caused by medication, but can also be caused by a virus (enterovirus infection: coxsackie, echovirus or cytomegalovirus), a toxic agent (mercury) or a food allergen. The evolution of AGEP is usually favourable to the discontinuation of the drug in question with a delay varying from 48 hours to 15 days. We report a case of AGEP for which the drug responsible was not one of the drugs classically incriminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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10. Biomarkers of the cholinergic and dopaminergic signaling pathways in Arctic beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas): relationship to methylmercury and selenium
- Author
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Sonja K. Ostertag and Hing Man Chan
- Subjects
mercury ,biomarker ,neurochemical ,neurotoxicity ,inuit ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 - Abstract
There are increasing concerns about potential neurotoxicity of chronic methylmercury (MeHg) exposure in Arctic wildlife and human populations. The relationships between mercury (Hg), MeHg, inorganic Hg (iHg), and selenium (Se) exposure, and neurochemical and molecular biomarkers in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)) were characterized. Samples were collected in 2008 (n = 20) and 2010 (n = 15) in the Canadian Arctic from hunter-harvested beluga whales. Total Hg concentrations in the temporal cortex and cerebellum were 21.0 ± 22.6 mg kg−1 dry weight (dw) and 14.9 ± 18.9 mg kg−1 dw, respectively. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was predicted by MeHg and the molar ratio of total Hg to Se (Hg:Se, p
- Published
- 2018
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11. Exposition au mercure et état de santé des médecins dentistes de deux régions du centre du Maroc: enquête transversale descriptive.
- Author
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Attiya, Nourdine, Fattahi, Rkia, El-Haidani, Ahmed, Lahrach, Nadia, Amarouch, Mohamed-Yassine, and Filali-Zegzouti, Younes
- Abstract
Introduction: mercury exposure is recognized as a worldwide public health concern. However, the effect of long-term exposure to low-doses of this heavy metal is still subject to debate. Due to the use of mercury in dental amalgam, dental health care professionals are chronically exposed to low-doses of this metal. In this context, we have conducted a descriptive cross-sectional survey among liberal dentists in two regions of the center of Morocco. In parallel, the global health status of participants was investigated to assess the relevance of a subsequent etiological survey. Methods: data were collected through a self-reported questionnaire. Occupational exposure of dentists to mercury was evaluated based on their use of dental amalgam. Moreover, the other common factors increasing the background pollution or inducing exposure peaks were also investigated. On the other hand, smoking, vaccination, fish consumption, and the number of dental amalgam in mouth were considered as non-occupational exposure sources. Finally, the self-reported global health problems of participants were collected. Results: 192 dentists were included in the present study. Seventy-six percent (76.04%) of them declared using dental amalgam in their practice. Moreover, the presence of dental amalgam in mouth was identified as the main non-occupational source of exposure to mercury (63.45% of participants). Finally, most of participants (46.35%) have expressed neuropsychological complaints. Conclusion: altogether, our results revealed a real mercury exposure in the studied population. Thus, effective preventive measures should be promoted to minimize the mercury exposure in dental offices. Moreover, an etiological study will be of great interest to reveal the impact of mercury exposure in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Des coopératives minières équitables ? Difficultés et réajustements de la filière « équitable » dans les mines aurifères artisanales et à petite échelle en Bolivie
- Author
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Gouill, Claude Le and Herbozo, Hernan
- Subjects
fair trade ,informal work ,Bolivia ,mercury ,Bolivie ,travail informel ,gold panning ,commerce équitable ,activités minières ,orpaillage ,mercure ,mining activity - Abstract
En 2010, la coopérative de Cotapata en Bolivie était la première organisation minière artisanale à vendre de l’or « équitable » au niveau mondial, suivie dans le pays des coopératives « 15 de agosto » et de Yani. Dans les trois cas cependant, les mineurs décidèrent de ne pas maintenir la certification au bout de quelques années, dans un contexte de ruée vers l’or fortement critiqué pour ses pratiques de travail et ses conséquences environnementales. Après avoir décrit les difficultés de développement de cette certification, nous montrerons comment les institutions engagées dans l'approche de l'or responsable en Bolivie ont tenu compte de ces échecs pour réorienter leur cadre d’action plus directement vers la pénétration des « frontières » de l’activité minière artisanale aurifère en Bolivie, selon un modèle d’ « adaptabilité progressive » tenant compte des contextes miniers locaux. Ce cadre d’action vise davantage à formaliser les coopératives et à établir un travail d'éducation socio-environnementale avec les mineurs, à partir d’une approche plus horizontale permettant de rompre en partie les processus descendants (top-down) des certifications équitables. In 2010, the Cotapata cooperative in Bolivia was the first artisanal mining organisation to sell "fair trade" gold globally, followed in the country by the "15 de agosto" cooperative and Yani. In all three cases, however, the miners decided not to maintain the certification after a few years, in the context of a gold rush that was heavily criticised for its labour practices and environmental consequences. After describing the difficulties in developing this certification, we will show how the institutions involved in the responsible gold approach in Bolivia have taken account of these failures to reorient their framework of action more directly towards penetrating the 'frontiers' of artisanal gold mining in Bolivia, according to a model of 'progressive adaptability' that takes into account local mining contexts. This framework is aimed more at formalising cooperatives and establishing socio-environmental education work with miners, based on a more horizontal approach that partly breaks the top-down processes of fair-trade certification.
- Published
- 2023
13. Rôles des biofilms périphytiques et de la matière organique sur le cycle des métaux et métalloïdes
- Author
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Leclerc, Maxime, Amyot, Marc, and Planas, Dolors
- Subjects
Méthylation du mercure ,Centrale au fil de l'eau ,Run-of-river power plant ,hgcAB ,Substances exopolymériques ,metals ,Mercury ,Extracellular matrix ,Mercury methylation ,Exopolymeric substances ,Periphyton ,Matrice extracellulaire ,métaux ,Périphyton ,Mercure ,Matière organique dissoute ,Dissolved organic matter ,Trophic transfer ,Transfert trophique - Abstract
Les biofilms périphytiques, ou périphyton, sont des assemblages de microorganismes colonisant les surfaces d’une variété de substrats de la zone photique des habitats aquatiques. Retrouvés à la base des réseaux trophiques, ils présentent une grande importance écologique. Les microorganismes du périphyton sont maintenus les uns aux autres par une matrice extracellulaire composée de substances exopolymériques endogènes. Cette matrice permet la formation de microenvironnements aux propriétés physicochimiques distinctes du milieu extrapériphytique. En raison de la diversité microbienne qui les compose, de leur capacité à moduler l’environnement immédiat et leur propension à séquestrer puis à transformer les métaux, les biofilms périphytiques représentent des modèles de recherche des plus pertinents d’un point de vue biogéochimique. L’objectif général de la présente thèse est d’étudier le rôle des biofilms périphytiques, de leur matrice extracellulaire et de la matière organique qu’elle contient sur le cycle des métaux, plus particulièrement le mercure. Dans un premier temps, nous avons mené une étude sur la composition organique de la matrice extracellulaire du périphyton de lacs d’environnements non contaminés et sur la mobilité des métaux dans les différentes fractions de cette matrice. Nos résultats ont démontré que la matrice extracellulaire du périphyton était riche en matière organique fluorescente et nous y avons identifié deux composantes majeures d’origine périphytique. Nous avons observé une cooccurrence de certains métaux avec ces composantes dans les fractions mobiles et attachées de la matrice extracellulaire du périphyton. Nous avons constaté que l’une des composantes périphytiques entraînait une diminution des concentrations de métaux dans les cellules du périphyton, alors que l’autre était associée à des concentrations plus élevées de métaux essentiels. Notre étude a montré que la matière organique de la matrice extracellulaire joue un double rôle sur la mobilité des métaux et apporte un regard nouveau sur les mécanismes naturels de gestion des métaux du périphyton. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons réalisé une étude de terrain dans une rivière altérée par des centrales hydroélectriques au fil de l’eau et par la création de milieux humides artificiels. Cette étude avait pour objectif de déterminer si le périphyton de ces habitats modifiés pouvait produire du méthylmercure. En combinant des mesures des taux de transformation in situ à des approches génomiques ciblant les gènes hgcAB, responsables de la méthylation du mercure, nous avons démontré que le périphyton des milieux artificiels avait la capacité de produire du méthylmercure. Nous avons mesuré des taux de méthylation positifs et nous avons détecté la présence du gène hgcA dans les communautés périphytiques des milieux humides. Nous avons majoritairement associé le gène hgcA aux bactéries réductrices de fer de la famille des Geobacteraceae. Notre travail a apporté de nouvelles informations sur la méthylation du mercure au sein du périphyton colonisant des rivières ayant subi des transformations d’habitats. Nos résultats ont également permis d'associer cette méthylation aux bactéries réductrices de fer, jusqu’alors rarement considérées comme potentielles méthylatrices dans le périphyton. Finalement, nous avons étudié les impacts de la mise en eau d’une rivière par des centrales hydroélectriques au fil de l’eau sur les dynamiques du mercure en nous attardant au périphyton et aux premiers niveaux des réseaux trophiques. La création de nouveaux habitats aquatiques favorise l’accumulation et la transformation du mercure en plus de fournir des conditions propices à l’établissement et à la croissance du périphyton. Nos résultats ont démontré que le périphyton de ces habitats pouvait accumuler d’importantes concentrations de méthylmercure et qu’il était une voie d’entrée efficace de ce contaminant pour les macroinvertébrés benthiques. Cette étude souligne les rôles clés que joue le périphyton dans le cycle du mercure des écosystèmes aquatiques. Les résultats de la thèse appuient la pertinence de considérer le périphyton comme un compartiment biologique de haute incidence sur les cycles biogéochimiques des métaux lors de l’étude ou de la gestion des écosystèmes aquatiques., Periphytic biofilms, or periphyton, are collections of microorganisms that colonize the surfaces of a variety of substrates in the photic zone of aquatic habitats. Found at the base of trophic webs, they are of major ecological importance. Periphytic microorganisms are linked to each other by an extracellular matrix composed of endogenous exopolymeric substances. This matrix allows the formation of microenvironments with physicochemical properties distinct from the extraperiphytic environment. Because of their microbial diversity, their ability to modulate the immediate environment and their propensity to sequester and then transform metals, periphytic biofilms represent relevant research models from a biogeochemical perspective. The general objective of this thesis is to study the role of periphytic biofilms, their extracellular matrix and the organic matter they contain on the cycling of metals, more specifically mercury. First, we conducted a study on the organic composition of the periphyton extracellular matrix of lakes from uncontaminated environments and on the mobility of metals in the different fractions of this matrix. Our results showed that extracellular matrix of periphyton was rich in fluorescent dissolved organic matter and we identified two major organic components of periphyton origin. We observed co-occurrence of some metals with these components in the loosely- and tightly-bound fractions of the extracellular matrix. We found that one of the periphytic components resulted in decreased metal concentrations in periphyton cells, whereas the other was associated with higher concentrations of essential metals. Our study showed that the dissolved organic matter of the extracellular matrix plays a dual role on metal mobility and provides new insight into the natural mechanisms of metal management of periphyton in its immediate environment. Second, we conducted a field study in a river impacted by run-of-river hydroelectric power plants and the creation of artificial wetlands. The objective of this study was to determine if the periphyton of these modified habitats could produce methylmercury. By combining measurements of in situ transformation rates with genomic approaches targeting the hgcAB genes, associated with microbial mercury methylation, we demonstrated that the periphyton of the artificial wetlands had the capacity to produce methylmercury. We measured positive vi methylation rates and detected the presence of the hgcA gene in the periphytic communities of the wetland site. We mostly associated the hgcA gene with iron-reducing bacteria of the Geobacteraceae family. Our work provided new information on mercury methylation within periphyton colonizing rivers with altered habitats. Our results also allowed us to associate the methylation of mercury with iron-reducing bacteria, which are rarely considered as potential methylators in periphyton. Finally, we studied the impacts of river impoundment by run-of-river hydroelectric power plants on mercury dynamics by focusing on periphyton and lowertrophic web layers. The creation of new aquatic habitats promotes the accumulation and transformation of mercury and provides conditions for periphyton growth. Our results showed that periphyton in these habitats can accumulate important concentrations of methylmercury and is an efficient gateway to this contaminant for benthic macroinvertebrates. This study highlights the key roles that periphyton plays in the cycling of mercury in aquatic ecosystems. The results of this thesis support the relevance of considering periphyton as a biological compartment of high impact on biogeochemical metal cycles when studying or managing aquatic ecosystems.
- Published
- 2023
14. Lethaeum ad fluvium: Mercury in the Aeneid
- Author
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Lee Fratantuono
- Subjects
Virgil ,epic ,Mercury ,Atlas ,Camilla ,ethnography ,Social Sciences - Abstract
The significance of the god Mercury to the drama of the Virgilian Aeneid has not been fully appreciated. Careful consideration of the several appearances of the god in the epic reveals that Mercury is a key figure not only in the Virgilian evocation of the rebellion of the giants against Jupiter, but also in the development of the poet’s presentation of the triumph of the Italian over the Trojan in the final ethnic disposition of affairs in Latium, and that on the mortal plane the god has special significance to a more nuanced appreciation of the importance of the heroine Camilla in the events of the war in Italy.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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15. Mercury concentrations in multiple tissues of Arctic Iceland Gulls (Larus glaucoides) wintering in Newfoundland
- Author
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Alexander L. Bond and Gregory J. Robertson
- Subjects
blood ,feather ,larus glaucoides ,mercury ,newfoundland ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 - Abstract
Anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emissions are increasing and are potentially of concern for Arctic-nesting seabirds, particularly those that spend part of their year near dense human habitation. Iceland Gulls (Larus glaucoides B. Meyer, 1822) breed in the eastern Canadian Arctic and spend the majority of winter in towns and cities in eastern Newfoundland. We measured Hg in breast feathers, blood plasma, and red blood cells of Iceland Gulls wintering in and around St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, from 2011 to 2014. Mercury in blood plasma comprised
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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16. ELIMINATION DU MERCURE PAR LE CHARBON ACTIF.
- Author
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T., MASMOUDI, S., GUERGAZI, and S., ACHOUR
- Abstract
Copyright of Larhyss Journal is the property of Biskra University, Research Laboratory in Subterranean & Surface Hydraulics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
17. Optimizing soil washing remediation of mercury contaminated soil using various washing solutions and solid/liquid ratios
- Author
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Effendi Agus Jatnika, Lestari Vina, and Irsyad Mohammad
- Subjects
soil washing ,mercury ,desorption ,distribution coefficient ,fractionation ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Most of the artisanal and small-scale gold miners in Indonesia as in the case of those who are in Banten Province, still use the amalgamation process in the gold extraction process. Therefore, mercury contamination could not be avoided. As a result, it was found that the concentration of mercury-contaminated soil in Lebak, Banten Province was detected as high as 136,9 mg/kg. Since the contamination process occurred for a long time, making the formation and mobility of complex mercury in soil increased by time. Soil washing is one remediation technology that can be applied in the recovery of mercury-contaminated soil. This study aims to determine the optimum conditions of the soil washing process: effect of pH, the concentration of washing solutions and ratio of solid/liquid. Furthermore, the value of the distribution coefficient, desorption of mercury in the soil and fractionation of mercury in the soil were also observed. Potassium Iodide was found to be the best washing solution among others used in this study. The optimum condition was obtained at pH 2, the concentration of washing solution at 0.25 M and the solid/liquid ratio of 1:15. Under these conditions, mercury desorption efficiency reached 86.9% with the value of the distribution coefficient of 0.185. Mercury fractionation analysis in the contaminated soil showed that the mobile > semi-mobile > non-mobile fractions. Potassium iodide was able to desorb at about 84% of mobile fractions, 97% of semi-mobile and 25% non-mobile mercury.
- Published
- 2020
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18. Évaluation de l'imprégnation mercurielle chez les nouveau-nés dans la région d'Azzaba (Algérie).
- Author
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DJAFER, RACHID, MEGUEDDEM, MYRIAM, and ALAMIR, BARKAHAM
- Abstract
Copyright of Environnement, Risques & Santé is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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19. Hermès Dionysophore
- Author
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Alexis Bonnefoy and Michel Feugère
- Subjects
iconography ,statuette ,figurine ,bronze ,Hermes ,Mercury ,Ancient history ,D51-90 ,History of the arts ,NX440-632 - Abstract
The ‘Lormier bronze’, named after its earliest known owner, is an exceptional statuette made of copper alloy. It is remarkable, both by its subject and its style, of very fine quality; but also by its state of conservation, namely its gilding, which allows us to contemplate, for once, such a statuette close to its original aspect. The iconography, rather rare in the field of small bronze figurines, clearly derives from the large statuary and illustrates a little-known episode of the Graeco-Roman mythology. Through the diverse possible models and their repercussion in the ‘minor arts’, the article allows to place this work in the Graeco-Roman production by following, in its main lines, the long way going from the original work to the series crafts, sometimes, as here, of high quality.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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20. À propos d’une cornaline du musée de Berlin et de la relation entre les spectacles de l’amphithéâtre et Hermès-Mercure dans l’Occident romain
- Author
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Matthieu Soler
- Subjects
Von Stosch ,Hermes ,Mercury ,hermaic pillar ,amphitheatre ,gladiator ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Hermes-Mercury is not known as one of the major gods of the amphitheatre. He is however present in the decoration of edifices, on the weapons of gladiators or again on the maledictory tablets found at Carthage. His presence is in most cases illustrated by hermaic pillars demarcating the fighting space. A cornelian from the Von Stosch collection, scantily used in gladiatorian studies, is a precious source towards understanding the place of this god during the munera, at the heart of monuments which can be really described as loci religiosi.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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21. Origin, controlling factors, and statistical modelling of methylmercury concentrations in tunas at a global scale
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Medieu, Anaïs, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, and Anne Lorrain
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[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,Biogéochimie marine ,Trophic ecology ,Anthropogenic emissions ,Mercure ,Écologie trophique ,Spatio-temporal variability ,Mercury ,Marine biogeochemistry ,Variabilité spatio-temporelle ,Émissions anthropiques - Abstract
Tunas are among the most consumed seafood products but contain relatively high levels of methylmercury (MeHg), the most toxic form of mercury (Hg). Limited observations suggest tuna Hg levels vary in space and time, yet the drivers are not well understood. This thesis aimed to explore the origin and fate of MeHg in tunas at the global scale. We built the largest Hg database in tropical tunas (bigeye, yellowfin, and skipjack, n > 5,700), alongside tuna biological and ecological data, marine physical and biogeochemical variables, and atmospheric Hg estimates. Increasing tuna Hg concentrations were found in the late 1990s in the northwestern Pacific, concomitant with increasing anthropogenic Hg emissions from Asia. Elsewhere, we revealed stable long-term tuna Hg levels, which contrasts with an overall decline in Hg emissions and deposition, and suggests an inertia of the surface ocean resulting from legacy Hg accumulated in subsurface ocean over centuries. Moreover, global maps of tuna Hg levels highlighted strong spatial patterns among tunas, once accounting for MeHg bioaccumulation with tuna age/length. Our multidisciplinary approach showed the combined importance of marine biogeochemistry governing MeHg profiles in seawater, and tuna foraging depth, to explain these spatial patterns. Our spatial studies also confirmed a local anthropogenic Hg release effect enhancing tuna Hg levels along the Asia coasts. Complementary to observations of atmospheric Hg deposition and seawater MeHg levels, this thesis elevates tunas as releveant bio-monitoring tools to document changes of the marine Hg cycle in a context of reduction emission measures and climate change.; Le thon est l’un des poissons marins les plus consommés au monde malgré ses concentrations relativement élevées en méthylmercure (MeHg), la forme toxique du mercure (Hg). De fortes variations de ces concentrations entre espèces et régions sont observées mais encore peu comprises. Pour étudier l’origine et le devenir du MeHg dans les thons à l’échelle globale, nous avons constitué la plus grande base de données de concentrations de Hg dans les thons tropicaux (thon obèse, albacore et bonite à ventre rayé, n > 5700), intégrant des données biologiques et écologiques des thons, des variables physiques et biogéochimiques de l’océan, et des estimations de Hg atmosphérique. Une hausse des niveaux de Hg dans les thons a été constatée à la fin des années 1990 dans le Pacifique Nord-Ouest, en lien avec l’augmentation des émissions anthropiques de Hg depuis l’Asie. Ailleurs, les concentrations de Hg dans les thons sont restés stables au cours du temps, suggérant une inertie de l’océan de surface due au Hg anthropique accumulé au cours des siècles dans l’océan de subsurface. La cartographie des concentrations de Hg dans les thons a montré de fortes variations spatiales, dues à la variabilité de profondeur de plongée des thons et des niveaux de MeHg dissous dans l’eau, induites par des processus biogéochimiques. Nos études spatiales ont enfin confirmé un effet local des émissions anthropiques de Hg augmentant les concentrations de Hg dans les thons au large de l’Asie. Cette thèse démontre que les thons sont des outils de bio-surveillance pertinents pour documenter les changements du cycle marin du Hg, dans un contexte de réduction des émissions anthropiques et de changement climatique.
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- 2022
22. La contaminación humana por mercurio: un sistema de determinantes socioespaciales a orillas del río Beni (Amazonía boliviana)
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Céline Tschirhart
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Amazon ,Bolivia ,mercury ,resources ,networks ,territories ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This paper presents the results of a research project carried out between 2005 and 2010 in the Bolivian Amazon. Along the Río Beni, various studies have revealed the presence of mercury, a powerful neurotoxin, in the environment. When transformed into its organic form, methylmercury, the metal accumulates throughout the aquatic food chain, exposing the people whose staple diet includes fish to a health risk. However, all riverside populations are not exposed to the same level of risk. Fish consumption varies according to factors and determinants, spatial and social,that are largely related to the links that these populations have with the local towns (municipios). These links depend on the distance between communities (where the families live) and the town, but also on the ability of communities to build relationships with institutional actors and on the level of coherence of the territories in which they reside. These results provide a basis for formulating risk prevention policies, adapted to the context.
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- 2011
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23. Amalgamation and small-scale gold mining in the ancient Andes
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William E. Brooks, Gabriela Schwörbel, and Luis Enrique Castillo
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mercury ,Andes ,amalgamation ,small-scale gold mining ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
In 1532, the volume of gold provided by Atahualpa, the Inka king, as ransom for his release from the Spanish was hard evidence for the efficient small-scale gold mining that took place before European contact and the number of gold occurrences in the Andes. At Huancavelica, Perú, mercury occurs as a native metal and as cinnabar [HgS], which was used for pigments, funeral preparations, and retorted to obtain mercury. Using Inductively Coupled Plasma analysis (ICP), an average of 15 ppm (parts per million) mercury was found in the gold after the gold-mercury amalgam, with more than 300 000 ppm mercury, was burned to volatilize (rogado) the mercury. From 12,3 to 13,9 ppm mercury was found in worked gold foils from Huaca la Ventana, a Middle Sicán (A. D. 900-1200) site at Lambayeque, Perú and low levels of mercury were found in pre-contact gold foils from Colombia (1-12 ppm). Similarly low levels of mercury in the analyses of modern refogado gold and pre-contact gold foils are consistent with a comparable, ancient small-scale mining technology that would have used mercury to amalgamate the fine-grained gold; and then, as now, burning the amalgam to volatilize the mercury and beautify and recover the gold.
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- 2011
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24. Rire jaune ��� l�����nigme du safran au final du Quart Livre
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Garrod, Rapha��le
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Galien ,Boulogne ,Annual mercury ,Cat ,Elegy ,Mercury ,Crocus ,Fourquevaux ,Chat ,Crocomagma ,Mercure ,Galen ,FitzGerald ,��l��gie ,Mercuriale - Abstract
Jeu de mot sur la terminologie pharmaceutique, le safran-excr��ment au final du Quart Livre d��note aussi un contexte politique. Des Adages d���Erasme aux ethnographies de la Renaissance, la chemise de safran symbole d���un luxe d��cadent devient l���habit national du �� sauvage irlandais ��, mauvais alli�� de la France finalement soumis �� l���Angleterre. Du comique philologique �� l���embl��me satirique de l���actualit�� politique, la fin du Quart Livre d��ploie la logique inventive de l�����nigme, ch��re �� Rabelais., The saffron-shit concluding the Quart livre is a pun on pharmaceutical terms; it is also a political reference. From Erasmus���s Adages to Renaissance ethnographies, the saffron shirt, first a shorthand for decadent luxury, becomes the national dress of the ���wild Irish,��� France���s unreliable ally who ultimately lost to England. By weaving philological wit into a satirical emblem of current affairs, the end of the Quart Livre magnifies the inventive logic of the enigma so dear to Rabelais.
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- 2022
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25. Les petits bronzes du mont d’Uzore (Loire) : un désir d’Antiquité
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Jean-Claude Béal
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Harpocrates ,Mercury ,Uzore ,ségusiave ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
Discovered about 1867 in Saint-Paul-d’Uzore (Loire), three bronze statuettes featuring Mercury, Harpocrates and an unknown god, are now part of the collections of the Museum of Diana in Montbrison. The iconographic Mercury type is very unusual for the area, and the other two figurines have characteristics that tempt us to view them as fakes, contrary to what was believed until now. Burial of these three items could be the work of a forger who wanted to support the theory of a mountain of Uzore dedicated to Isis.
- Published
- 2015
26. HERMÈS DIONYSOPHORE : LE BRONZE LORMIER.
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Bonnefoy, Alexis and Feugère, Michel
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The 'Lormier bronze', named after its earliest known owner, is an exceptional statuette made of copper alloy. It is remarkable, both by its subject and its style, of very fine quality; but also by its state of conservation, namely its gilding, which allows us to contemplate, for once, such a statuette close to its original aspect. The iconography, rather rare in the field of small bronze figurines, clearly derives from the large statuary and illustrates a little-known episode of the Graeco-Roman mythology. Through the diverse possible models and their repercussion in the 'minor arts', the article allows to place this work in the Graeco-Roman production by following, in its main lines, the long way going from the original work to the series crafts, sometimes, as here, of high quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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27. ETUDE DE DEUX METAUX LOURDS DANS LE POISSON DE FLEUVE AU MALI.
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KONATE, Youssouf, COULIBALY, Salimata, HARBY, Aminata, MAIGA, Farmata, Dioumé, Diarra, SAKO, Mamadou, TRAORE, Mamadou Souncalo, and COULIBALY, Mouctar
- Abstract
This study aims to contribute to improving the health quality of fish products in Mali. Made 2O12, this was a qualitative and quantitative cross questionnaire study with 80 processors of fresh fish in smoked fish. The main results were: traditional mud oven was used in 58.75% of cases; the wood was used as fuel by 67.75% of transformers and cow dung by others; smoked fish was kept in cartons recovery and mats woven locally made in 66.25% of cases; waste removal was daily in only 33.75% of cases. For fresh fish, 53.75% of the samples contain mercury with an average value of 0.047 mg / kg MB and a maximum of 0.270 mg / kg for a European standard of 0.500 mg / kg MB and 71.25% MB contained lead at an average value of 0.020 mg / kg MB and a maximum of 8.570 mg / kg MB for a European standard of 0.300 mg / kg MB. For smoked fish all samples contained mercury with minimum value of 0.010 mg / kg MB, an average of 0.200 mg / kg and maximum MB 1.260 mg / kg MB and 95% contained lead with a minimum value of 0.020 mg / MB kg, an average of 0.270 mg / kg MB and a maximum of 3,460 mg / kg MB. As the average value of lead for Smoked Fish Wood was 0.285 mg / kg MB against 0.248 mg / kg for one MB Smoked cow dung with a Kruskal - Wallis significant statistical test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
28. Mercury toxicity potential from artisanal and small scale gold mines in Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province
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Ali Munawar, Hery Suhartoyo, and Putri Suci Asriani
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small gold mines ,mercury ,contamination ,river, sediments ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Artisanal and small scale gold mining (ASGM) is considered as the largest source of mercury pollution worldwide. The ASGM has been practiced for years in the area of Lebong Regency of Bengkulu Province. To extract gold from the ores, miners use a simple technique called Gelondong. This practice involves amalgamation process which forms amalgam, a mixure composed of mercury and gold. These amalgamation generates liquid and solid wastes (tailings) which still contain significant amount of mercury. Consequently, ASGM activities can potentially create mercury contamination of the environment, especially aquatic ecosystems. This study was aimed to investigate the concentration and distribution of total mercury in rivers to which wastes from ASGM communities in three villages of North Lebong District were dumped. Water and streambed sediments along the rivers were collected and brought to the laboratory for total mercury analysis. Data showed that total mercury was not detected in the river water but high in the river sediments with high variations among lactions from 0.11 to 110.37 mg kg-1. Apparently, total mercury tended to decrease with the distance from it source. High amounts of mercury in the river sediments could potentially spread to wider area and cause bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms, especially fish which can be dangerous to consume.
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- 2018
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29. Towards Mechanistic Understanding of Mercury Availability and Toxicity to Aquatic Primary Producers
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Perrine Dranguet, Rebecca Flück, Nicole Regier, Claudia Cosio, Séverine Le Faucheur, and Vera I. Slaveykova
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Bioavailability ,Macrophytes ,Methylmercury ,Mercury ,Phytoplankton ,Speciation ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The present article reviews current knowledge and recent progress on the bioavailability and toxicity of mercury to aquatic primary producers. Mercury is a ubiquitous toxic trace element of global concern. At the base of the food web, primary producers are central for mercury incorporation into the food web. Here, the emphasis is on key, but still poorly understood, processes governing the interactions between mercury species and phytoplankton, and macrophytes, two representatives of primary producers. Mass transfer to biota surface, adsorption to cell wall, internalization and release from cells, as well as underlying toxicity mechanisms of both inorganic mercury and methylmercury are discussed critically. In addition, the intracellular distribution and transformation processes, their importance for mercury toxicity, species-sensitivity differences and trophic transfer are presented. The mini-review is illustrated with examples of our own research.
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- 2014
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30. Le cycle du mercure dans les sédiments de la rivière Saint-Maurice impacté par des perturbations du paysage : hydroélectricité, feu de forêt et coupes forestières
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Millera Ferriz, Lise, Amyot, Marc, and Walsh, David
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River ,Paysage ,hgcA ,Mercure ,Rivière ,Méthylmercure ,Matière organique ,Methylmercury ,Landscape ,Organic matter ,Mercury ,Barrages au fil de l'eau ,Run-of-river dam - Abstract
Les barrages au fil de l’eau devraient tripler dans la prochaine décennie en réponse à la transition mondiale vers les énergies renouvelables. Or, contrairement aux barrages à réservoir dont les impacts sur le cycle du mercure (Hg) sont bien connus, très peu d’études ont évalué l’impact des barrages au fil de l’eau sur la mobilisation et la transformation du Hg en méthylmercure (MeHg), une neurotoxine bioaccumulable et bioamplifiable le long de la chaîne trophique. Malgré la surface limitée d’inondations créée par ces petits ouvrages comparés aux barrages avec réservoirs, les retenues d’eau créées en amont pourraient tout de même contribuer à créer des conditions propices à la méthylation du Hg. Cette étude a été conduite sur la rivière St.Maurice (QC, Canada) présente dans un paysage soumis à la construction récente de deux barrages au fil de l’eau et de milieux humides artificiels et à la présence concomitante de perturbations du paysage: un feu de forêt et de la coupe de bois. Les résultats montrent une augmentation du pourcentage de méthylmercure (%MeHg) de 2 à 3 fois dans les zones inondées comparées aux sites références ou en aval des barrages. De plus, une augmentation des concentrations en mercure total (THg) et en matière organique (MO) est observée dans ces mêmes zones inondées soumises aux perturbations du paysage. Cela suggère que les feux de forêt et la coupe de bois auraient contribué au transfert de MO lié au Hg en provenance du bassin versant vers la rivière, comme indiqué par la corrélation positive entre le ratio C/N et le % MeHg. L’accumulation de MO et Hg dans les retenues d’eau créées par les barrages au fil de l’eau seraient alors des lieux propices à la stimulation de la communauté procaryotique méthylatrice dont le gène marqueur hgcA a été détecté à tous les sites avec une composition très diverse, dominée par les méthanogènes, les sulfato-réducteurs et les fermenteurs dans ce système. A la lumière de ces résultats, nous proposons que les futures études concernant les barrages au fil de l’eau intègrent le paysage dans son ensemble et établissent un suivi des concentrations de Hg avant, pendant et après la construction., Run-of-river dams (RoRs) are expected to triple in the next decade in response to the global transition to renewable energy. However, unlike reservoir dams whose impacts on the mercury (Hg) cycle are well known, very few studies have evaluated the impact of RoRs on the mobilization and transformation of Hg into methylmercury (MeHg), a bioaccumulative and bioamplifiable neurotoxin along the trophic chain. Despite the limited area of flooding created by these small structures compared to reservoir dams, the pondages created upstream could still contribute to creating conditions conducive to the methylation of Hg. This study was carried out on the St. Maurice River (QC, Canada) located in a riverscape recently influenced by to the recent construction of two RoRs and artificial wetlands and to the concomitant presence of disturbances in the landscape. The results show an increase in the percentage of methylmercury (% MeHg) from 2 to 3 times in the flooded areas compared to the reference sites or downstream sites. In addition, an increase in total mercury (THg) and organic matter (MO) concentrations are observed in these same flooded areas subject to landscape disturbances: forest fire and logging. It suggests that forest fires and logging are contributing to the transfer of MO bound to Hg from the watershed to the river, as indicated by the positive correlation between the C / N ratio and % MeHg. The accumulation of MO and Hg in the pondages are likely favorable to the stimulation of the prokaryotic methylating community whose hgcA marker gene was detected at all sites with a very diverse composition, dominated by methanogens, sulfate-reducers and fermenters in this system. In the light of these results, we suggest that future studies on RoRs integrate the landscape as a whole and establish a monitoring of Hg concentrations before, during and after construction.
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- 2020
31. Explorer, comprendre et agir ensemble : une recherche collaborative avec les Innus du Labrador
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Hélène Godmaire, Lucie Sauvé, and Jacinthe Boileau
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éducation relative à l’environnement ,alimentation ,cultural identity ,interdisciplinarité ,mercury ,recherche collaborative ,déforestation ,communauté innue ,interdisciplinarity ,environmental education ,identité culturelle ,deforestation ,contaminants ,collaborative research ,diet ,mercure - Abstract
Dans le contexte global d’un projet de recherche interdisciplinaire sur la contamination du milieu par le méthylmercure et ses effets sur la santé, nous développons un projet de recherche participative en éducation relative à l’environnement avec les Innus de Sheshatshiu, au Labrador. La démarche consiste à explorer avec les gens de la communauté les réalités socio-environnementales locales en adoptant une approche critique, à tenter de comprendre les causes et les effets des problèmes qui les préoccupent et plus spécifiquement ceux qui ont trait aux contaminants (dont le mercure), et à rechercher ensemble des solutions appropriées, à la fois scientifiquement fondées et culturellement et socialement acceptables. Notre équipe de recherche est confrontée à trois principaux défis dans la réalisation de ce projet : un défi culturel, ayant trait à la compréhension de la signification des réalités associées à la problématique chez les gens de Sheshatshiu ; un défi éthique puisque la problématique des contaminants devra être considérée dans la perspective d’une situation socio-environnementale globale et la démarche adoptée devra intégrer une véritable approche participative, au service de la communauté, au-delà du questionnement scientifique de l’équipe de recherche universitaire ; enfin, un défi stratégique, soit celui d’établir peu à peu une relation de confiance mutuelle et de susciter l’intéressement menant à l’engagement des gens de la communauté dans un projet de recherche partagé. In the context of a global interdisciplinary research on methylmercury contamination and its effects on health, our team of environmental education researchers is developing a participatory project with the Innus of Sheshatshiu, in Labrador. The proposed process involves the adoption of a critical approach, with the community, for the exploration of local socio-environmental issues, the understanding of the causes and effects of socio- environmental problems (specifically those concerning contaminants, including mercury), and the search for appropriate solutions that are scientifically founded, socially and culturally acceptable. To achieve the aims of this project, three main challenges have been identified by our research team : a cultural challenge, which consists in understanding the meaning of local realities associated with the contamination issue ; an ethical challenge, which consists in the need for the contamination issue to be addressed in a global socio-environmental perspective, with an authentic participatory approach that will ensure fulfilment of the community’s needs beyond the scientific interests of the university researchers ; and finally, a strategic challenge, which consists in the gradual establishment of a relationship of mutual trust and in raising of community interest in a shared research project.
- Published
- 2020
32. L’anxiété et ses facteurs de risque chez les adolescents Inuits du Nunavik : les corrélats neuronaux d’une exposition prénatale et postnatale aux contaminants environnementaux
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Lamoureux-Tremblay, Vickie, Lepore, Franco, and Saint-Amour, Dave
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lead ,mercury ,PCB ,anxiété ,fMRI ,BPC ,conditionnement et extinction de la peur ,anxiety ,neural circuit of fear ,Inuit of Nunavik ,plomb ,circuit neuronal de la peur ,conditioning and extinction of fear ,risk factors ,Inuits du Nunavik ,mercure ,facteurs de risque ,IRMf - Abstract
L’anxiété et l’exposition aux contaminants environnementaux sont actuellement deux enjeux internationaux majeurs en santé publique. Plusieurs études ont examiné empiriquement le développement des troubles intériorisés, soit ses corrélats neuronaux et ses facteurs de risque. Plus récemment, l’exposition prénatale et postnatale aux contaminants environnementaux a été soulevé comme un facteur de risque au développement de l’anxiété. Bien que les Inuits du Nunavik sont parmis les plus exposés aux contaminants environnementaux dans le monde et semble particulièrement à risque de développer des troubles intériorisés, la prévalence de l’anxiété et ses facteurs de risque demeurent à être clarifié dans cette population. Les corrélats neuronaux pouvant sous-tendre les liens entre une exposition aux contaminants environnementaux et l’anxiété chez l’humain demeure aussi à être étudié. Le premier article de ma thèse présente une revue de littérature afin de mettre en lumière les associations entre les troubles intériorisés et une exposition prénatale ainsi que postnatale au plomb, au mercure et aux biphényles polychlorés (BPC) dans diverses populations. Le deuxième article étudie empiriquement la présence d’anxiété auprès des adolescents Inuit du Nunavik ainsi que ses principaux facteurs de risque lors du développement, dont l’exposition prénatale et postnatale aux contaminants environnementaux. Cette étude a permis de confirmer des niveaux d’anxiété très élevé et de souligner les facteurs de risque pouvant y contribuer tels qu’être une femme, avoir un moindre quotient intellectuel, être plus exposé au mercure durant les périodes prénatale et posnatale, vivre davantage d’insécurité alimentaire, avoir un plus faible apport vitaminique et avoir été victime davantage d’intimidation. Finalement, le troisième article examine le fonctionnement du circuit neuronal de la peur avec l’imagerie par raisonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf), grâce à une tâche de conditionnement et d’extinction de la peur, selon l’exposition prénatale et postnatale aux contaminants environnementaux. Des différences d’activation dans le cortex préfrontal ont ainsi été retrouvées, soit pour l’exposition prénatale aux BPC dans le cortex orbitofrontal lors du conditionnement ainsi que lors de l’extinction pour l’exposition prénatale au mercure dans le cortex cingulaire antérieur et l’exposition présente au plomb dans le cortex préfrontal dorsolatéral. Tous ces résultats convergent vers des pistes intéressantes pour la compréhension, la prévention et l’intervention., Anxiety and exposure to environmental contaminants are currently two major international issues in public health. Inuit of Nunavik appear at risk of developing psychological difficulties and more prone to be exposed to environmental contaminants. Several studies have empirically examined the development of anxiety, namely its neural correlates, as well as its risk factors. Environmental contaminants have recently emerged as contributing to the development of internalized disorders. The generalization of such risk factors remains to be validated within the Inuit population of Nunavik. Although closely related to anxiety, the relationship between exposure to environmental contaminants during development and the functioning of the neural circuit of fear remains to be examined. First, we reviewed the literature about association of internalized symptoms-related with prenatal and postnatal exposure to lead, mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in various populations. Next, we empirically examined anxiety levels in adolescent Inuit population of Nunavik and his risk factors, included environmental contaminants. This allowed to highlight very high levels of anxiety, as well as the implication of several risk factors, such as being a woman, higher exposure to mercury during prenatal and postnatal periods, more food insecurity, lower vitamin intake and more bullying experiences. Finally, we explored the functioning of the neural circuitry of fear with a task of conditioning and extinguishing fear, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, according to prenatal and postnatal exposure to environmental contaminants. Activation differences in prefrontal cortex were found, which are in the orbitofrontal cortex for prenatal exposure to PCB during fear conditioning, as well as during fear extinction in the anterior cingular cortex for prenatal exposure to mercury and in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for current lead exposure. All these results converge on interesting avenues for understanding, prevention and intervention.
- Published
- 2020
33. Petit poisson deviendra grand? : évaluation du rôle de la contamination chimique dans le déclin des populations de perchaudes (Perca flavescens) du lac Saint-Pierre
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Khadra, Mélissa, Amyot, Marc, and Planas, Dolors
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Glyphosate ,Fractionnement subcellulaire ,Periphytic biofilms ,Perchaude ,Maternal transfer ,Méthylmercure ,Methylmercury ,Mercury ,Lake Saint Pierre ,Biofilms périphytiques ,Lac Saint-Pierre ,Selenium ,Subcellular partitioning ,Mercure ,Yellow Perch ,Sélénium ,Transfert maternel - Abstract
La qualité de l'eau du lac Saint-Pierre (LSP), le plus grand lac fluvial du fleuve Saint-Laurent, est notamment compromise par le déversement d’une mixture composée de métaux et de pesticides provenant des rejets des industries, des effluents municipaux et de l’exploitation des terres agricoles dans son bassin versant. Cette contamination est d'autant plus importante dans les zones du lac caractérisées par une végétation dense favorisant la rétention et la sédimentation de la matière en suspension. Or, ces herbiers aquatiques, qui occupent de vastes étendues du LSP, servent de frayère pour plusieurs poissons, dont la perchaude (Perca flavescens). Cette espèce est donc particulièrement affectée par la dégradation des habitats aquatiques du LSP. À la suite d’un déclin important de ses populations depuis la fin des années 1990 en raison de son important intérêt commercial et sportif, un moratoire de cinq ans sur la pêche de la perchaude a été imposé en 2012 et reconduit jusqu’en 2022, puisque l’incapacité de rétablissement des populations de perchaudes semble persister. La présente étude vise à évaluer l'hypothèse que cette incapacité de rétablissement, qui se reflète par un recrutement déficient, soit en partie attribuable à l'impact de la contamination chimique sur la reproduction, soit par des effets toxiques potentiels sur les femelles ovigères, sur les œufs ou sur les jeunes larves pendant les premiers mois. Dans un premier temps, nous avons évalué l’hypothèse que le glyphosate, herbicide à large spectre et ingrédient actif de la formulation Roundup®, ait un impact indirect sur les jeunes perchaudes en décimant les communautés de biofilms périphytiques, source d’alimentation des invertébrés dont se nourrissent les jeunes larves. Cette suite d’effets contribuerait à l’accroissement de la mortalité hivernale des jeunes de l’année, due à une insuffisance de ressources énergétiques. Or, nos résultats démontrent que peu importe l’âge, et par le fait même l’épaisseur des biofilms, le glyphosate, en concentrations environnementales réalistes, ne semble pas impacter négativement la composition des communautés ou le métabolisme de la chlorophylle des biofilms. Seul l’âge (2 mois, 1 an, 20 ans) de ces derniers semblait en effet influencer la composition taxonomique des communautés. Nous avons cependant observé une augmentation de l’abondance relative d’Anabaena, un taxon de cyanobactérie toxique qui possède une forme résistante rare de l’enzyme EPSPS, cible principale du mode d’action du glyphosate. Cette étude contribue à l’avancement des connaissances sur les effets de l’herbicide le plus utilisé à l’échelle mondiale, actuellement au cœur de préoccupations d’intérêt international. Nous avons également évalué le potentiel de toxicité associé au transfert maternel du mercure et du sélénium chez la perchaude à l’aide de techniques de fractionnement subcellulaire. Le mercure est un contaminant d’intérêt en raison de son omniprésence dans l’environnement ainsi que de ses effets néfastes sur la reproduction des poissons à de très faibles concentrations. Il a également été démontré que des ratios molaires Se:Hg supérieurs à 1 atténuaient les effet néfastes du mercure. Nos résultats démontrent une évidence de transfert maternel de la femelle à ses œufs, mais également aux mitochondries gonadiques, principales composantes sensibles de la cellule. Le transfert maternel représentant la source d’exposition aux contaminants la plus importante pour les embryons, nos observations pourraient contribuer à expliquer le recrutement déficient des jeunes perchaudes au LSP. Nous avons également mesuré des ratios molaires Se:Hg systématiquement supérieurs à 1 dans les différentes fractions subcellulaires hépatiques et gonadiques, résultats novateurs qui laissent sous-entendre un effet protecteur du Se. Puisque nous avons confirmé l’occurrence d’un transfert maternel du mercure, l’étape logique subséquente était d’évaluer la bioaccumulation de ce contaminant au sein des différents stades ontogéniques du cycle de vie de la perchaude. Les stades embryo-larvaires et juvéniles précoces sont en effet des phases particulièrement sensibles aux contaminants organiques et inorganiques. Nos résultats démontrent que les concentrations de MeHg décroissent suivant un patron ontogénique, avec les plus hautes concentrations mesurées chez les juvéniles et les plus basses dans les masses d’œufs. Nous avons également démontré que presque 100% du mercure était présent sous forme de MeHg, forme toxique et bioamplifiable, chez les larves et les juvéniles. Les ratios molaires Se:Hg étaient quant à eux systématiquement supérieurs à 1, résultats comblant d’importantes lacunes au niveau des effets antagonistes entre le mercure et le sélénium chez les poissons. Les résultats découlant des présents travaux de recherche ont un impact important sur la science de l’écotoxicologie en raison de leur caractère novateur. Tout d’abord, nous avons contribué à l’avancement des connaissances sur l’impact de concentrations environnementales de glyphosate sur des biofilms d’âge très contrasté. Ensuite, nous avons, pour la première fois, utilisé des outils de fractionnement subcellulaire afin d’évaluer le potentiel de toxicité lié au transfert maternel du mercure. Enfin, nous rapportons les premières données liées à la bioaccumulation simultanée du mercure et du sélénium aux stades de vie clés du développement de la perchaude. La présente thèse s’avère ainsi nécessaire afin de contribuer au progrès du savoir sur le devenir de certains contaminants d’intérêt au sein des écosystèmes aquatiques., Lake Saint Pierre (LSP) is the largest fluvial lake in the Saint Lawrence River. Water quality in LSP is heavily affected by inputs of nutrients and chemical pollution from tributaries which drain agricultural watersheds, from municipal effluents and from industrial discharges. This contamination is amplified in areas of LSP with dense vegetation because aquatic plants promote the retention and sedimentation of dissolved and particulate matter. Several fish species, including Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens), use these aquatic vegetation beds as their spawning grounds and are therefore particularly affected by the contamination of aquatic habitats in LSP. This study therefore tests the hypothesis that chemical contamination in Yellow Perch (YP) during their early life stages can help explain this species’ lack of resilience despite the implementation of a fishing moratorium in 2012. This moratorium was extended until 2022 since populations are still undergoing a recruitment failure and a decline in juvenile abundance populations. The phosphonate herbicide glyphosate, which is the active ingredient in Roundup®, is currently the most widely used herbicide in the world. Glyphosate-based herbicides are sprayed on food and feed crops during cultivation and are thus subject to leaching to streams and rivers. In aquatic ecosystems, periphytic biofilms, or periphyton, are important primary producers and are often the first trophic level to be in contact with runoff waters. Thus, a trophic cascade could occur if these biofilms are negatively impacted by glyphosate, potentially leading to larval fish mortality due to resource limitation. Results showed that submersion period (2 months, 1 year, 20 years) was the only significant contributor to community structure. However, the glyphosate-resistant Cyanobacteria Anabaena was found to be favoured by the use of glyphosate. This freshwater Cyanobacteria commonly forms toxic blooms, raising concern regarding the use of glyphosate. For all colonization stages, and therefore different thicknesses, chlorophyll a did not show an unequivocal decline over time. This study therefore provides an interesting snapshot of the biological processes related to periphytic biofilms’ exposure to environmental concentrations of glyphosate. As this herbicide is currently of international concern, it is imperative to contribute to the advancement of knowledge about its effects. Mercury (Hg) is a trace element of particular concern since it is ubiquitous in the environment and because its methylated form (MeHg) readily bioaccumulates and biomagnifies in food webs. This latter process leads to elevated Hg concentrations in fish and thus induces toxicity. Maternal transfer of bioaccumulated contaminants to offspring is a suggested mechanism of impaired reproductive success in fish. We therefore assessed the toxicity potential of Hg during maternal transfer in YP from LSP using a sub-cellular partitioning approach. Results showed a strong relationship between Hg bioaccumulation in the liver and Hg concentrations in gonadal mitochondria, which corroborates the potential toxicity of maternal transfer. As selenium is a well-studied Hg antagonist, we also measured the Se:Hg molar ratios in all subcellular fractions. We found that these ratios were systematically above 1, which is the suggested threshold for Hg toxicity alleviation through sequestration by Se. Since early developmental stages in aquatic biota are particularly sensitive to Hg, and after confirming the evidence of maternal transfer, we subsequently addressed Hg bioaccumulation in all parts of YP life cycle. This study is the first of its kind to follow Hg and Se during YP ontogenetic development, from the gravid female to the juvenile. Results show that MeHg follow an ontogenetic pattern, with concentrations decreasing from the juveniles to egg masses. We also found that nearly 100% of THg was measured as the toxic form MeHg in larvae and juveniles. Lastly, Se:Hg molar ratios were systematically above 1, suggesting a potentially protective effect of Se on Hg bioaccumulation. This study will thus provide much needed information on the changes in bioaccumulation patterns during the most sensitive life cycle stages of this declining fish population. Results issued from the present research have significant impact when it comes to the advancement of knowledge in Ecotoxicology due to their novel characteristics. First, we have contributed to the advancement of knowledge on the effects of environmental concentrations of glyphosate on highly age-contrasted biofilms. Also, it is the first time that subcellular partitioning techniques are used in order to assess the toxicity potential of mercury during maternal transfer. Finally, we provide the very first results on the simultaneous bioaccumulation of mercury and selenium in key life stages of YP development. Therefore, this thesis is of particular interest when aiming to assess the fate of certain contaminants of interest within aquatic ecosystems.
- Published
- 2020
34. Mobilisation et transformations du mercure et du carbone dans les réservoirs hydroélectriques de la rivière Romaine
- Author
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de Bonville, Jérémy, Lapierre, Jean-François, and Amyot, Marc
- Subjects
Greenhouse gases ,Réservoirs ,Mercure ,Méthylmercure ,Inondation ,Matière organique dissoute ,Methylmercury ,Dissolved organic matter ,Mercury ,Gaz à effet de serre ,PARAFAC ,Flood - Abstract
Les réservoirs hydroélectriques contribuent à la remise en suspension du mercure (Hg) inorganique terrestre et de la matière organique suite à l’inondation des terres lors de la construction d’un barrage. Le développement de zones anoxiques dû à l’augmentation de la colonne d’eau et à la dégradation de matière organique inondée est une condition propice pour la méthylation du Hg par les communautés bactériennes aquatiques, le rendant neurotoxique et bioamplifiable. Les résultats de cette étude, conduite dans le complexe de réservoirs hydroélectriques de la rivière Romaine, démontrent que le pourcentage du mercure total (THg) étant du méthylmercure (MeHg) retrouvé dans les zones inondées est en moyenne 10 fois plus élevé que dans les systèmes naturels avoisinants et dans la portion de la rivière en amont de la série de barrages. Les concentrations en MeHg demeurent toutefois relativement faibles comparativement à d’autres réservoirs au Québec et ailleurs dans le monde. Des patrons de l’amont vers l’aval ont pu être observés, où le MeHg augmente de façon concomitante au dioxyde de carbone (CO2) à travers les réservoirs, les deux ayant des valeurs plus élevées au printemps, suite à la fonte des glaces, qu’en été, suggérant qu’une production sous la glace est probable due à une anoxie partielle avant que le retrait des glaces ne revienne oxygéner la colonne d’eau. De plus, les concentrations de mercure total ainsi que les patrons des composantes de matière organique dissoute et du carbone organique dissous demeurent très peu variables entre les sites inondés et naturels. Cela suggère que les réservoirs hydroélectriques agissent plutôt comme réacteurs de transformation du mercure inorganique terrestre en méthylmercure que comme mobilisateurs de mercure nouvellement importé dans le système, et que les processus opérant des centaines de kilomètres en amont et des mois auparavant sont importants pour les dynamiques de carbone et de mercure observées dans ce système hautement connecté., Following the flooding of soil during the construction of hydroelectric reservoirs, terrestrial inorganic mercury (Hg) and organic matter typically increase in concentrations in the aquatic environment. The anoxia developed due to the deepening of the water column and the degradation of organic matter due to aquatic microbial communities create new conditions in the system that are prone to the methylation of mercury into its neurotoxic and bioaccumulative form : methylmercury (MeHg). Results from this study, led in the hydroelectric complex of reservoirs of the Romaine River, showed that the percentage of total mercury which is methylmercury in the flooded area is on average 10 times higher than in surrounding natural systems from the watershed and in the upstream section of the river. MeHg concentrations in the Romaine River, however, remain relatively low when compared to other reservoirs in Quebec and worldwide. Upstream to downstream patterns have been observed, where MeHg increases along with carbon dioxide (CO2) throughout the series of reservoirs and where both showed higher values in June than in August, following the snowmelt and the melting of the ice cover. Concentrations were lower in the summer campaign, suggesting there was under-ice production due to the development of partial anoxia before the water column is mixed and oxygenated in spring. Moreover, the distribution of total mercury concentrations, dissolved organic carbon and dissolved organic matter components remained stable between flooded and natural sites. This suggests that hydroelectric reservoirs act as reactors for the transformation of terrestrial inorganic Hg in MeHg rather than as mobilizers of newly imported Hg and that processes occurring several kilometers upstream and months prior to sampling affect the carbon and Hg dynamics of this inter-connected system.
- Published
- 2020
35. Lunivers auquel sest confronté Copernic : La sphère de Mercure dans les Theoricae novae planetarum de Georg Peurbach.
- Author
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Malpangotto, Michela
- Subjects
- *
MANUSCRIPTS , *MERCURY (Planet) , *ERROR analysis in mathematics , *LATITUDE ,UNIVERSE - Abstract
Abstract: The present contribution will first concern itself with an important geometrical diagram found in the manuscripts issuing from lessons that Peurbach gave on his Theoricae novae planetarum in 1454. Twenty years later, Regiomontanus provided a detailed explanation of the contents of this diagram, dealing with the planet Mercury, in order to show one of the many errors passed down from the medieval Theorica communis. In order to set our analysis into the more general context of the Mercury model explained in Peurbachʼs Theoricae novae planetarum, we will then examine the structure and movements of the partial orbs which form the sphere of Mercury, taking into account their motions in both longitude and latitude. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. La lucha por la hegemonía francesa en la medicina mexicana: el caso de los medicamentos para combatir la sífilis
- Author
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Rosalina Estrada Urroz
- Subjects
syphilis ,mercury ,Salvarsan ,prostitution ,Anthropology ,GN1-890 ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 - Abstract
Before the arrival of the penicillin, the discussions concerning the treatment of syphilis are express in the control and the regulation of prostitution and in the effectiveness of the drugs to treat the suffering. In this context, it is understandable that the arrival of the new chemist, named Salvarsan or 606, which has the same function of mercury and may substitute it, causes a commotion. Nevertheless there exist multiple reasons that explain the reticence and doubts of the efficiency of the new remedy, among them: the German origin of Salvarsan, the lack of experimentation of the drug in the country and the long presence of mercury as a curative, which would be attributed to French medicine.
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- 2006
- Full Text
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37. Évaluation analytique pour le dosage du mercure dans l'eau.
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Himri, Mamoune El and Himri, Abdelouahad El
- Subjects
- *
MERCURY in water , *ANALYTICAL chemistry , *POLLUTANTS , *MERCURY poisoning , *BIOCONCENTRATION , *TOXICITY testing - Abstract
Objective: Mercury is a toxic environmental pollutant which is among the most highly bioconcentrated trace metals in the human chain. In this context, the validation of an analytical method is essential for the measures that a laboratory should implement to allow it to produce reliable analytical data. The objective of this work is to validate the method of atomic absorption spectrometry with cold vapor (CV-AAS) for determination of mercury in water samples. Method: A Perkin Elmer 4100 type Z atomic absorption spectrometer equipped with a deuterium lamp which corrects the background noise was used. The mercury measurements are carried out in triplicate at the wavelength 253.9 nm. The sample is digested, aspirated and mixed with stannous chloride in a gas-liquid separator. The cold vapor of mercury generated is quantified by the detector. Results: The linearity was evaluated in a concentration range of 0.020 to 1 µg/L of mercury with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The limit of detection and quantification of the method are, respectively, 0.010 ng/L and 0.030 ng/L. The repeatability and reproducibility of the method were demonstrated, with a coefficient of variation of less than 10%. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by analyzing two certified reference materials, ORMS-3 and SRM 1641b, with a recovery rate of 97% and 98%. Conclusion: By studying the analytical performances, the method of determination of mercury in water is validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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38. Intoxication par le mercure
- Author
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Bensefa-Colas, L., Andujar, P., and Descatha, A.
- Subjects
- *
PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of mercury , *PUBLIC health , *METHYLMERCURY , *MERCURY poisoning , *LUNG diseases , *CHELATION therapy - Abstract
Abstract: Mercury is a widespread heavy metal with potential severe impacts on human health. Exposure conditions to mercury and profile of toxicity among humans depend on the chemical forms of the mercury: elemental or metallic mercury, inorganic or organic mercury compounds. This article aims to reviewing and synthesizing the main knowledge of the mercury toxicity and its organic compounds that clinicians should know. Acute inhalation of metallic or inorganic mercury vapours mainly induces pulmonary diseases, whereas chronic inhalation rather induces neurological or renal disorders (encephalopathy and interstitial or glomerular nephritis). Methylmercury poisonings from intoxicated food occurred among some populations resulting in neurological disorders and developmental troubles for children exposed in utero. Treatment using chelating agents is recommended in case of symptomatic acute mercury intoxication; sometimes it improves the clinical effects of chronic mercury poisoning. Although it is currently rare to encounter situations of severe intoxication, efforts remain necessary to decrease the mercury concentration in the environment and to reduce risk on human health due to low level exposure (dental amalgam, fish contamination by organic mercury compounds…). In case of occupational exposure to mercury and its compounds, some disorders could be compensated in France. Clinicians should work with toxicologists for the diagnosis and treatment of mercury intoxication. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2011
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- View/download PDF
39. ETUDE DES ACTIVITES PECTINASE, LYASE ET α-AMYLASE DANS UNE SOUCHE LOCALE D'Aspergillus species.
- Author
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BOUMENDJEL, A., BOUMENDJEL, M., and LADJAMA, A.
- Subjects
- *
ENZYMATIC analysis , *ASPERGILLUS , *SOILS , *AMYLASES , *MERCURY , *PECTINS - Abstract
For the purpose to bring the fore some enzymatic activities wich are very coivoited in food domain of a local strain of Aspergillus sp. originating from a soil of Annaba, we used different chromatographic, colorimetric and spectrophotometric methods. This strain, cultivated from two mediums at different concentrations of mercury, secreted alpha amylases and pectinases of type lyases to an acidic pH. Indeed, pectinic and starchy substrata placed at disposal of this mushroom were depolymerized by these fungal polysaccharidases. The depolymerization of pectinic substratum highly esterifiesd by a mechanism of β-elimination is probably owed to the action of pectin lyases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
40. Mercury impregnation in dentists and dental assistants in Mortastir city, Tunisia.
- Author
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Chaari, N., Kerkeni, A., Saadeddine, S., Neffati, F., Khalfallah, T., and Akrout, M.
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DENTAL fillings ,DENTAL amalgams ,MERCURY poisoning ,ATOMIC absorption spectroscopy ,HAZARDOUS substance exposure ,DENTISTS - Abstract
Copyright of Revue de Stomatologie & de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale is the property of Masson SPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Le “Rob de Laffecteur”: un célèbre remède antisyphilitique aux temps des charlatans.
- Author
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Androutsos, Georges, Diamantis, Aristide, and Vladimiros, Lazaros
- Abstract
Copyright of Andrologie (11662654) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Pression artérielle. Régulation et épidémiologie. Mesures et valeurs normales.
- Author
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Asmar, Roland
- Subjects
MERCURY ,BLOOD pressure measurement ,HYPERTENSION ,CARDIOVASCULAR disease treatment - Abstract
Copyright of Néphrologie & Thérapeutique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. L'exposition au mercure en 2007 toxicité et prise en charge.
- Author
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Poupon, Joël
- Subjects
MERCURY ,INGESTION ,LIQUID metals ,FOOD supply ,MEDICAL thermometers ,MEDICAL equipment - Abstract
Copyright of Revue Francophone des Laboratoires is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Adsorption d'Hg(ll) en solution aqueuse par le laitier des hauts fourneaux.
- Author
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Aziz, Abdellah, Iddou, Abdelkader, and Ouali, Mohand Said
- Subjects
ADSORPTION (Chemistry) ,MERCURY ,SORBENTS ,WATER quality management ,INDUSTRIAL wastes ,WATER supply - Abstract
Copyright of Water Quality Research Journal of Canada (Canadian Association on Water Quality) is the property of Canadian Association on Water Quality and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. La mesure de la température en pratique pédiatrique quotidienne
- Author
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Sermet-Gaudelus, I., Chadelat, I., and Lenoir, G.
- Subjects
- *
BODY temperature , *MERCURY , *FEVER , *PHYSICAL diagnosis , *MEDICAL equipment - Abstract
Abstract: The use of rectal mercury thermometer has long been the standard method for measurement of body temperature. The restriction of mercury use since 1996 has led to development of other devices. The liquid crystal strip thermometer held against the forehead has a low sensitivity. The single-use chemical thermometer measures oral temperature. Its accuracy must be evaluated. Infrared ear thermometers are routinely used because it is convenient and fast to use. However, numerous studies have shown that it does not show sufficient correlation with rectal temperature, leading to the risk to miss cases of true fever. Rectal temperature remains the gold standard in case of fever. Rectal temperature measurement with an electronic device is well correlated with the glass mercury standard. Galistan thermometer accuracy must be evaluated because of sterilization of the whole device, which is not the case for the electronic thermometer. A paediatric study is necessary to evaluate the performance of this device in comparison with the electronic thermometer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Dosage du mercure sanguin chez des sujets professionnellement exposés.
- Author
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Megueddem, Myriam, Belmahi, Habib, Azzouz, Mohamed, and Reggabi, Mohamed
- Abstract
Copyright of Revue Francaise des Laboratoires is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. [Toxicological risks of cohabitation with wild landfills: the case of the Akouedo landfill (Abidjan, Ivory Coast).]
- Author
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Oi Adjiri, Adjiri, Sandrine Aka, Any-Grah, Kouamé Victor, Kouamé, Elisée Kporou, Kouassi, and Jean, Biémi
- Subjects
Chromium ,Heavy Metal Poisoning ,Waste Disposal Facilities ,Cote d'Ivoire ,Lead ,Metals, Heavy ,Humans ,Soil Pollutants ,Mercury ,Environmental Pollution ,Risk Assessment ,Cadmium - Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the health risks associated with metal exposure (Pb, Cd, Hg and Cr) in the populations living around the Akou#233;do landfill.This evaluation required the use of the most recent reference toxicological data relating to human exposure to these pollutants and the results of measurements in the environment. Crossing these two data sources using the CalTOX simulation allowed for the calculation of daily exposure, through the consumption of soil dust, contaminated water and foodstuffs.Exposure levels to lead (1.05-1.34#160;ppm) and mercury (1.46#160;#8729;#160;10#8211;2-2.16#160;#8729;#160;10#8211;2#160;ppm) appear highest. The danger quotients are also high and are on average 220 and 54#160;Toxicological Reference Values (TRVs). In addition, lead exposure for infants presents a danger quotient 15#160;times TRVs. The calculation of the health impact due to chromium gives 9#160;cases of cancer that would be reported per year. The comparison of the theoretical values with those estimated by calculation gives overvalued theoretical danger ratios for the four pollutants (Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr). An overvaluation that would be related to uncertainties in measurements and calculations. However, it is clear that people living around the landfill are exposed to the poisoning of the pollutants indicated. This zone is therefore a major public health problem.Consequently, prevention means such as closure and rehabilitation of the site must be taken urgently. Also, the construction in the area, of a hospital center specific to the treatment of the pathologies resulting from the intoxication with the indicated pollutants would be desirable.
- Published
- 2020
48. Neonatal consequences of maternal intake of methylmercury (from fish meals) during pregnancy
- Author
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Cordier, S.
- Subjects
- *
METHYLMERCURY & the environment , *TOXICOLOGY of poisonous fishes , *MERCURY poisoning - Abstract
The severe toxicity of methylmercury-contaminated fish which occurred in Minamata (Japan) in the 1950s has revealed the neurotoxic potential of methylmercury and the specific sensitivity of the foetus. Contamination by methylmercury is worldwide, thereby making fish-eating populations particularly vulnerable to its neurotoxic action.Milder neurologic consequences (retarded walking for instance) have been observed in a subsequent toxicity study in Iraq at levels above 10 μg/g in maternal hair. More recent studies in chronically exposed fish-eating populations show coherent results except for the study in the Seychelles Islands. Deficits in the scores on different neuropsychological tests have been observed at levels as low as 4 μg/g in maternal hair.The most conservative standard currently proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency recommends that the weekly intake of methylmercury be limited to 42 μg, especially among pregnant women. This recommendation is easy to follow in metropolitan France, but very likely to be exceeded in some isolated populations in remote French territories. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Élaboration d'un capteur électrochimique basé sur une interface mixte film de diazonium / nanoparticules d'or pour la détection des traces de mercure(II) dans les eaux naturelles
- Author
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Fezai, Fatma, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, David Evrard, and Martine Meireles
- Subjects
Activation ,Mercury ,Sensibilité ,Sélectivité ,Electrodépôt ,Stabilité ,Diazonium salts ,Sensitivity ,[CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering ,Electrodeposition ,Mercure ,Gold nanoparticles ,Selectivity ,Stability ,Nanoparticules d'or ,Sels de diazoniums - Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is highly toxic metal originating from natural sources and mainly from anthropogenic processes. It can bioaccumulate all along the food chain and causes severe diseases being thus lethal. Thus, it is of critical importance to ensure continuous Hg(II) monitoring for health and environmental protection. Classical Spectroscopic techniques are routinely used for Hg(II) determination. Although they offer good sensitivity and selectivity, they involve complex procedures and expensive material, which limit their use for on-site analysis. In this context, electrochemical sensors present excellent candidates for in situ Hg(II) trace analysis, taking in account their numerous advantages compared to spectroscopic techniques: easier handling, simple procedure, low energy consuming, low cost material and portability. This work presents a new electrochemical approach aiming to conceive and optimize an electrochemical Hg(II) sensor based on the functionalization of a glassy carbon electrode with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and diazonium salts in order to enhance the sensor lifetime. The gold nanoparticles were directly electrodeposited on the glassy carbon electrode, previously functionalized by diazonium salts. The mixed interfaces were then characterized using different electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques. An activation step was finally performed prior to mercury detection. The analytical performances of the sensor (stability, sensitivity, selectivity) towards mercury detection were evaluated using different amounts of Hg(II).; Le mercure est un métal toxique provenant des rejets industriels et des émissions naturelles. Ayant la propriété de s'accumuler dans les organismes vivants, il est présent dans tous les éléments de la chaîne alimentaire. Il est à l'origine de nombreuses maladies et peut même entraîner la mort à hautes doses. Il est donc nécessaire d'assurer un suivi continu du niveau de pollution dans les eaux naturelles. Les techniques spectroscopiques classiques utilisées actuellement permettent de détecter le Hg(II) à des faibles concentrations mais elles sont souvent coûteuses et complexes, d'où le besoin de développer d'autres techniques plus simples pour un suivi en temps réel. Dans ce contexte, les capteurs électrochimiques se distinguent comme une excellente alternative, simple et peu coûteuse, pour les mesures in situ. L'objectif de ces travaux est le développement d'un capteur électrochimique basé sur la fonctionnalisation d'une électrode de carbone vitreux par des nanoparticules d'or (AuNPs) utilisées pour améliorer la sensibilité et la sélectivité du capteur. Les AuNPs ont été électrodéposées sur une électrode de carbone vitreux modifiée avec des couches organiques. Les interfaces mixtes ainsi obtenues ont été caractérisées par diverses méthodes électrochimiques et microscopiques. Après une étape d'activation électrochimique, les performances analytiques du capteur (stabilité, sensibilité, sélectivité) ont été évaluées par la détection de différentes concentrations de Hg(II).
- Published
- 2019
50. Ecology of the Cistude d'Europe Emys orbicularisen Brenne: life history of newborns and influence of management methods on populations
- Author
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Beau, Frédéric, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de La Rochelle, François Brischoux, and Lacalle, Martine
- Subjects
algae ,mercury ,fish-farming ,émergent ,conservation ,hatchling ,émergence ,nest site ,[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,algue ,site de ponte ,[SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology ,pisciculture ,gestion ,[SDV.BA.ZV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology ,Cistude d’Europe Emys orbicularis ,condition corporelle ,body condition ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,management ,mercure ,European pond turtle Emys orbicularis - Abstract
"Brenne”is a French wetland area which shelters a remarkable biodiversity and many emblematic species, among which the European pond turtle Emys orbicularisis particularly abundant. This species has been largely favored by past human activities. In Brenne, all pondsareman-made and have allowed the development, since the Middle Age,of one of the largest European pond turtlepopulation inFrance. The distribution of this species has strongly decreasedmainly because of changes in agricultural practices and the use of the aquatic and terrestrial environments necessary for its life cycle. Nature Reserves are important areas dedicated to the preservation of the natural heritage. One of the goal of biological conservation is to propose preservation measures based on scientific studies. E.orbicularishas been the subject of many of such studies. We choose to carry out our research on new elements for the species. First, we investigated parametersrelated to nesting sites: incubationunder natural environment,emergence and postemergence behaviors of hatchlings.Second, we studied the populations under the prism of the quality of the aquatic environments.Generally, nesting sites were mainly considered as critical areas for egg-laying byfemales. However, it turns out that the use of this terrestrial habitat by the species is more important. Indeed, the plasticity of emergence phenologylinked to a low mobility of hatchlings strongly suggestto changemanagement practices of these habitats, at least in the particular context (edaphic, climate and weather) of Brenne.The study of the influence of water quality on populations allowed to highlight important patterns. Mercurylevels in European pond turtle can reachdoses known to cause disorders. The origin of this mercury does not seem to be linkedto local human activities, but appearsto originatefrom its global cycle. However, the Hg bioavailabilityis stimulated by local management practices, characterized by drainage periods. We have highlighted a correlationbetween the concentration of mercury and female reproduction (gravidity) which stimulates future research. A focus on algal epibiosis indicates that a large part of individuals are covered by algae. The presence of algae on aquatic turtles has been known for a long time. However, our results highlightdifferences of the algal epibiosis between ages and sexes. Intensive fish-farming appears to be responsible of the presence and prevalence of algae on turtles. Intensification of fish-farming practices causes an eutrophication of the environments. We -9-alsofound correlations between algal cover and body condition andreproductioninadult females.These results should be pursued in order to know the long-term impact on this long-lived species.In Brenne, populations of European pond turtleare still largebut some aspectssuch as proportionof juveniles, presence of mercury, or algal epibiosis deserve future studiesin the field of conservation biology, withan emphasis on knowledge and management experiencessharing., La Brenne est une région qui abrite aujourd’hui une biodiversité remarquableet de nombreuses espèces emblématiques des zones humides;parmi lesquelles la Cistude d’Europe Emys orbicularisoccupe une place particulière. Cette espèce a été largement favorisée par les activités humainespassées. Les étangs, tous artificiels, ont vu s’installer et sedévelopper depuis le Moyen Âge une des plus importantespopulationsde France. Cette espèce, dont la répartition française fut plus large, a subid’importantes réductions essentiellement en raison des modifications des pratiques agricoles et l’utilisation, voire la disparition, des milieux aquatiques et terrestres nécessaires à son cyclede vie. Les Réserves naturelles sont des lieux de préservation du patrimoine naturel. La biologie de la conservation s’attache à proposer des mesures de préservation sur la base d’études scientifiques. Ce travail s’inscrit dans cette démarche sur uneespèce pourtant déjà largement étudiée. Cette dernière considération nous a amené à porter nos recherches sur des éléments nouveaux pour l’espèce.Ainsi, nous avons souhaité tout d’abord étudier les facteurs liés aux sites de ponte: l’incubation in situ, les émergences et les premiers moments de vie des nouveau-nés qui quittent le nid. Puis, nous avons étudiés les populations dans les étangs sous le prisme de la qualité des milieux aquatiques.Concernant notre premier objectif, jusqu’à présent les sites de ponte étaient considérés, et donc gérés, comme des lieux à optimiser pour la ponte des femelles. Or, il s’avère que l’utilisation de cet habitat terrestre par l’espèce va bien au-delà. En effet, la plasticité de la phénologie des émergences,liée à une faible mobilité des jeunes qui sortent du nidet leur utilisation du milieu, nous oblige à revoir nos considérations de gestion de ces habitats, tout dumoins dans le contexte particulier (édaphique, climatique et météorologique) de la Brenne. L’étude des populations par la qualité des eaux nous apporte des premiers résultats,notammentsur la présence de mercure àdes doses connues pour causer des troubles chez d’autres groupes d’espèces. L’origine de ce mercure ne semble pas imputable aux activités humaines locales, maisil sembleissu du cycle global du mercure et une entrée dans la chaîne alimentaire liée à la gestion par les assecs réguliers.Sans avoir démontré d’impact sur la reproduction des cistudes, nous avons mis en évidence une corrélation qui incite à porter une attention à ce phénomène de présence de mercure dans les organismes vivants des étangs de -7-Brenne. La présence d’algues sur les tortues aquatiques est connue depuis longtemps. Toutefois,nos résultats mettent en évidence une phénologie du recouvrement de la carapace différente selon les classes d’âge et les sexes. La modification des pratiques piscicoles, vers une intensification, apparait comme le facteur agissant sur la présence et la colonisation des cistudes par les algues,par une eutrophisation des milieux (étangs).De même que pour le mercure,bien que nous ayons mis en évidence des corrélations entre la couverture algale et la condition corporelle des femelles ou encore leur capacité de reproduction, ces premiers résultats sont à poursuivre afin de connaitre l’impact à long terme sur cette espèce longévive. En Brenne, les populations de cistudes sontencoreimportantes mais des variablestelles que le taux de juvéniles dans les populations, la présence de mercure, le recouvrementparfois très important en algues, doivent nous inciter à maintenir notre vigilancepour cette espèce,et poursuivre le travail dans le cadre de la biologie de la conservation. Ceciaccompagné de valorisationset de partagesde ces connaissances et des expériences de gestion
- Published
- 2019
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