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Rural territories in the province of Mendoza, Argentina, particularly those located in the Uco Valley, have been affected by severe transformations connected to two key factors: first, the national state's (de)regulation of water use and, second, the dramatic expansion of capital into winemaking and tourism. These activities have been developed on former livestock farming areas, turning them into fresh produce lands where food production is carried out in a "natural landscape" of unquestionable beauty: the iconic scenery of Mendoza. This article deploys the concept of extractivism to analyze "enclaves of commodity landscapes" associated with high-end wine tourism. Its purpose is to show the extent to which high-end wine tourism requires a sleek and highly aestheticized enclave landscape in order to enable the commodification of singular experiences. This article suggests that: 1) The development of tourism enclaves commodifies the landscape so as to provide the sense of a unique touristic experience; 2) the development of these enclaves is underpinned by the extraction of common, collectively-constructed goods. Keywords: Landscape; enclave; tourism; commodity; extractivism; wine

In any State, regardless of its non-denominational nature or the close relationship with the different religious options, it is complex to legislate in favor of the most intimate rights of all citizens, and even more to preserve a good relationship between religious confessions and the State. In our country, since the entry into force of our 1978 Constitution was for the Spanish ecclesiastical law the abandonment of the traditional confessional system that had inspired the regulation of the religious social factor throughout our constitutional history, giving way to a model deeply marked by new principles inspiring the legal regulation of relations between the Catholic Church and the Spanish State.

This work presents a numerical study of the influence of the ceiling mounted localized air distribution system performance in the human thermal behavior. In his study a coupling of the Computational Fluids Dynamics and the Human Thermal Modelling is used to evaluate the thermal comfort, the indoor air quality and the Draught Risk. The input data, of the coupling numerical models, are evaluated in the Building Dynamics Modelling. The virtual chamber geometry is generated using the Computational Aided Design system and the occupants’ geometry is generated using empirical equations, based on occupant height and weight. The ADI (Air Distribution Index) and the ADTI (Air Distribution Turbulence Index), used to evaluate the Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning system performance, depends of the thermal comfort level, the indoor air quality level, the Draught Risk level, the effectiveness for heat removal, the effectiveness for contaminant removal and the effectiveness for airflow removal. The study is made in a virtual chamber occupied by twelve virtual manikins and equipped with twelve seats, six desks and with a ceiling mounted localized air distribution system. The ceiling mounted localized air distribution system is equipped with an inlet system and an extraction system located above the head level.

This paper presents a numerical study of sustainable energy application in the buildings construction using cold radiant surfaces in summer conditions. The study is made in a University building and the proposed technology is used to improve the internal thermal comfort conditions in summer conditions. This numerical study uses a software that simulates the whole Building Dynamic Response with complex topology in transient conditions. The numerical model is founded on the balance of energy and mass integral equations. The energy balance integral equations are taken for the indoor air of the compartments, the transparent (windows) bodies of the building, the interior and surroundings bodies of the building and the opaque (walls and doors) bodies of the building. The mass balance integral equations, taken into consideration for the water vapor and the air contaminants, are developed for the spaces of the buildings and the solid matrix (opaque and interior bodies). The software is used to assess the human thermal comfort and indoor air quality levels, the cold radiant system, indoor thermal variables, and other parameters. The building analyzed in this work has 107 compartments, of which 33 are for classes. The radiant system is based on the use of subterraneous cold water. Three situations were analyzed: without cold radiant surfaces, with horizontal cold radiant surfaces and with all compartment cold radiant surfaces. The thermal comfort level, using the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index, and the indoor air quality, using the carbon dioxide concentration, are evaluated. The results demonstrate that the implemented Heated Ventilation and Air Conditioned system, working in Ventilation and Radiant methodology, with the use of all surfaces equipped with a cold radiant system, allows to guarantee, in the morning, acceptable, and, in the afternoon, near acceptable levels of thermal comfort by PMV index values according to category C of the standard ISO 7730. During occupancy, the indoor air quality levels obtained in the compartments are near the acceptable limit provided by the ASHRAE 62.1 standard.

A numerical design of a DSF (Double Skin Facade) system subjected to solar energy and applied to the heating of occupied spaces inside a building, in winter conditions, is presented in this study. The simulation is done using a building dynamic thermal response software to assess, among other parameters, the solar radiation incident on the DSF, the occupant thermal comfort level, indoor air quality level and thermal energy production. The occupant thermal comfort level is assessed by the Predicted Mean Vote index. The indoor air quality is assessed by the carbon dioxide concentration. The space considered in this study is an auditorium occupied by 210 people. The DSF system was installed on the south facade of this auditorium. The DSF system consists of 25 DSF. Each DSF consists of two surfaces, an opaque interior and a transparent exterior, separated by an air channel. This channel is used to heat the air that will be transported, through ducts, to the indoor HVAC (Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning) system, which is founded on a mixing ventilation system. The thermal energy produced in this way ensures an acceptable level of thermal comfort during most of the occupancy time and a level of indoor air quality close to acceptable. Therefore, it can be concluded that the HVAC system guarantees a good compromise between the thermal comfort of the occupants and the quality of the indoor air.

This paper presents a numerical study on the energy performance of a solar greenhouse used as a heat source in a ventilation system applied in a virtual house. This work, developed in winter conditions, uses a greenhouse and a ventilation system as heating ventilation system. The greenhouse, used to heating the air, is built with a group of glasses turned to East, South and West, placed above the roof, and the ventilation system, built with two groups of ducts, one used to transport the warm air to spaces turned to north and other used to free cooling to spaces turned south. This numerical simulation uses a software, developed by the authors, that simulates the Building Thermal Modelling and evaluates the building internal environment variables, building bodies temperatures, building contaminants concentrations, thermal comfort, energy consumptions, among others. The study, with and without the greenhouse, evaluates the energy production and transport, the internal temperature and thermal comfort to which the occupants are exposed, in transient conditions, during all day. Without the greenhouse system, in spaces with south-facing windows, the thermal conditions are uncomfortable by positive PMV (Predicted Mean Votes) index values, while in spaces with north-facing windows the thermal conditions are uncomfortable due to positive values of the PMV index. Using the greenhouse and the ventilation strategies, all spaces during the occupation are thermal comfortable.

In this study the numerical simulation of the human microenvironment around the occupants is carried out. This numerical work is made inside a virtual chamber, used as classroom, considers the ceiling mounted localized air distribution systems built with one inlet and one exhaust system. The virtual chamber has twelve chairs, each occupied by a virtual mannequin, and six tables. The software, developed by the authors, considers a differential CFD, an integral Human Thermal Modelling and an integral Building Thermal Modelling numerical model. The inlet and exhaust ventilation systems promote, respectively, a downward airflow and an upward airflow in the occupied zone. The study, made in winter conditions, evaluates the thermal comfort, the indoor air quality, the Draught Risk, the Air Distribution Index and Air Distribution Turbulent Index. The results obtained in this work allow us to infer that the thermal comfort, indoor air quality and Draught Risk are acceptable according to what is proposed in international standards.

This article presents a case study of a multiple confluents jets system in a virtual chamber. In this study, it is obtained the behavior of the airflow in an office, simulated by a virtual camera, whose ventilation system is of the horizontal confluent jets type. The ventilation system has an inlet system consisting of four vertical ducts mounted in the corners of the compartment. Each duct has four groups of 32 nozzles, aligned and equally spaced, positioned from the base of the duct close to the floor. Each two groups of nozzles are directed towards each of the walls adjacent to the duct The exhaust system consists of a quadrangular vertical duct mounted close to the ceiling and positioned in the center of the compartment. The study uses a numerical differential model in order to simulate the Computational Fluids Dynamics. Ventilation by horizontal confluent jets creates a horizontal air velocity close to the wall surface as well as the floor surface. With the increase in the exit velocity of the jets, the interactive effect of the confluence of the jets, coming from opposite ducts, in the central area of the wall becomes more evident. The airflow resulting from the interactions of the jets has an upward characteristic towards the exhaust system.

In this numerical study the energy production in solar collectors in a University building used to improve the internal thermal conditions is made. Passive and active solutions, using external solar collector and internal thermo-convectors, are used. The numerical simulation, in transient conditions, is done for a winter typical day with clean sky. This numerical study was carried out using a software that simulates the Building Dynamic Response with complex topology in transient conditions. The software evaluates the human thermal comfort and indoor air quality levels that the occupants are subjected, Heated Ventilation and Air Conditioned energy consumption, indoor thermal variables and other parameters. The university building has 107 compartments and is located in a Mediterranean-type environment. External solar water collectors, placed above the building’s roof, and internal thermo-convectors of water/air type, using mixing ventilation, are used as passive and active strategies, respectively. The thermal comfort level, using the Predicted Mean Vote index, and the indoor air quality, using the carbon dioxide concentration, are evaluated. The results show that in winter conditions the solar collectors improve the thermal comfort conditions of the occupants. The indoor air quality, in all ventilated spaces, is also guaranteed.

The study presented in this work is performed in a virtual chamber, similar to an existing experimental chamber, with dimensions of 4.50×2.55×2.50 m3. The chamber, occupied with twelve virtual manikins, is equipped with six tables, twelve chairs, one exhaust system and one inlet system, based in confluents jets system. In the exhaust system are considered six air ducts, located above the head level, connected to the ceiling area. The inlet system, based in four vertical ducts, with 0.15 m diameter, located on the corners of the chamber, are equipped with consecutive holes, that promotes horizontal jets near the wall. The results demonstrate that when the airflow rate increases the air quality number increases, the thermal comfort number decreases and the ADI increases slightly. The predicted percentage of dissatisfied index values show that the thermal comfort level is acceptable, the dioxide carbon concentration values show that the indoor air quality is near the acceptable value and the Draught Risk is acceptable.

The present work focuses on the production of thermal energy in University building greenhouses in cold climate conditions. The building model uses a system of energy and mass balance integral equations, which are solved by the Runge–Kutta–Felberg method with error control. This numerical study is about the thermal behaviour of a university building with complex topology, in winter and transient conditions. The thermal comfort of the occupants, using the Predicted Mean Vote index, and the indoor air quality, using the carbon dioxide concentration, are evaluated. This building has 319 compartments distributed by four floors and it is equipped with one internal greenhouse in the third floor. This greenhouse is located on the south facing facade and the heated air in this space will be transported to compartments located on the north facing façade. The spaces subject to the influence of the heated air coming from the greenhouse improve the level of thermal comfort of its occupants. The level of indoor air quality in occupied spaces is acceptable according to international standards.

This work presents the development of the coupling of differential Computer Fluid Dynamics and integral human thermo-physiology numerical models applied in indoor ventilated spaces. The study is performed in a virtual chamber, similar to an existing experimental chamber, with dimensions of 4.50×2.55×2.50 m3. The chamber, occupied with twelve virtual manikins, is equipped with six tables, twelve chairs, one exhaust system and one inlet system, based on confluents jets system. In the exhaust system, they are considered six air ducts, located above the head level, connected to the ceiling area. The inlet system, based in four vertical ducts, with 0.15 m diameter, located on the corners of the chamber, is equipped with consecutive holes, that promotes horizontal jets near the wall. The results demonstrate that when the airflow rate increases the air quality number increases, the thermal comfort number decreases, and the Air Diffusion Index increases slightly. The predicted percentage of dissatisfied index values show that the thermal comfort level of occupants is acceptable, the dioxide carbon concentration values show that the indoor air quality is near the acceptable value and the Draught Risk is acceptable.

This work evaluates the passengers thermal comfort level inside a vehicles compartment. The numerical study, made in winter conditions, consider a bus indoor environment equipped with internal curtains, internal seats, lateral panels, ceiling, floor and occupied by 52 passengers. The numerical model considers the passengers and vehicle grid generation, passengers body and clothing thermal response and passengers thermal comfort level. The grid generation is used to evaluate the view factors and Mean Radiant Temperature that the passengers are subjected. In this calculus the passengers and the vehicles surfaces shading devices are considered. The thermal response numerical models consider the energy and mass balance integral equations. The thermal comfort evaluation considers the heat produced inside the body and the heat exchange between the body and the environment. The human body numerical model considers also the thermoregulatory system to control the temperature. The numerical model is used to evaluate the thermal comfort level that seated passengers are subjected in a bus equipped with asymmetrical warm curtains. Three Cases studies were developed: the first one considers the temperature curtains equal to the indoor bus surfaces, while the other two consider higher temperatures values. All Cases are thermally comfortable according to the standards.

En este trabajo se presentan resultados parciales de una propuesta planteada por el proyecto de “Acción de Extensión en Territorio”, para el ciclo escolar 2016, el cual intenta insertarse dentro del campo temático “EDUCACIÓN PARA LA INCLUSIÓN”. La misma involucra a los equipos del Departamento de Química General e Inorgánica, a los estudiantes de grado de la Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB) de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), como así también, al alumnado y docentes de las escuelas secundarias, de la ciudad de Santa Fe de República Argentina. El objetivo es la construcción de un espacio compartido donde se definen conjuntamente propuestas de enfoques que posibilitan el abordaje de los Núcleos de Aprendizaje Prioritarios, de las Ciencias Naturales, y en particular Química, mediante el desarrollo de guías de trabajos, teniendo presente el entorno socio-cultural de los mismos y la infraestructura propia de la escuela. Para ello se generaron espacios interinstitucionales que habilitan la construcción de acciones para el desarrollo de propuestas de enseñanza en torno a la educación secundaria en Química, consolidando la relación entre docencia, investigación y extensión. Si bien el presente trabajo se encuentra en ejecución, los resultados parciales y esperados buscan revalorizar el saber de los docentes y estudiantes; sus percepciones, expectativas y la función de las instituciones de Educación Secundaria, así como mejorar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje del alumnado de la FBCB, respecto a su formación como profesionales con Compromiso Social Universitario (CSU).

The paper analyzes the archaeological studies of Emil Goeldi (1895-1917) at Museum of Pará, in the city of Belém, Brazil. It shows how Goeldi developed a systematic plan of surveys and archaeological excavations, organized collections and defined a regional problem to research. It emphasizes the way Goeldi’s archaeological and ethnological studies were articulated to a colonial policy.

Examina a persistência de certos fundamentos teóricos da arqueologia brasileira e do pensamento americanista. Por meio da comparação entre alguns temas da obra de personagens seminais como Karl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen e Betty Jane Meggers, analisam-se traços temáticos e políticos comuns que marcam uma secular continuidade da teoria da degeneração indígena e do argumento colonialista.The article examines the persistence of certain theoretical foundations of Brazilian archeology and Americanist thought. The theory of indigenous degeneration and the colonialist argument display a secular continuity characterized by common political and thematic lines. This is analyzed through a comparison of some of the topics addressed in the works of seminal figures like Karl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen, and Betty Jane Meggers.

Este artigo analisa as viagens científicas do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (IHGB) numa perspectiva pós-colonial, examinando-as como parte de um processo mais amplo de mundialização da ciência e de construção de representações históricas e geográficas no Brasil imperial. Inicialmente, mostra-se como, na Europa, o nacionalismo e o imperialismo respaldaram a epistemologia da história natural e das viagens científicas. Em seguida, evidencia-se como projetos colonialistas se articulam aos textos de história natural, arqueologia e etnografia do IHGB. Por fim, como todo discurso histórico tem em mira a crítica do presente, dialoga-se com a idéia colonialista de Brasil que se formulou durante o período imperial, enfatizando-se como ela, com efeito, não é um arquivo morto, mas permanece entre nós, internalizando nossas identidades sociais.Approaching from a neo-colonial perspective, this analysis examines the scientific voyages of the Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (IHGB) as part of a broader process by which science spread around the world and historical and geographic representations were constructed in imperial Brazil. It first shows how nationalism and imperialism in Europe underpinned the epistemology of natural history and scientific voyages. It next goes on to show how colonialist projects relate to the IHGB's natural history, archeological, and ethnographic texts. Lastly, since the intent of every historical discourse is to critique the present, the article engages in a dialogue with the colonialist idea of Brazil fashioned during the imperial age; it emphasizes how this idea is not a dead file but remains with us still, internalizing our social identities.

Até a finalização deste estudo, não existia no Brasil uma legislação no seguimento de produtos saneantes que disponibilizasse um guia cientificamente embasado para realização de estudos de estabilidade. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste na análise das legislações para registro de produtos saneantes de uso em assistência à saúde no Brasil, comparando seus diferentes critérios de estudo com legislações internacionais. Como resultado desta análise, propõem-se um guia para garantir a eficácia e a segurança ao longo do prazo de validade definido para estes produtos. Verifica-se que as legislações internacionais estudadas apresentam critérios mais rígidos, tais como (i) a avaliação das especificações de qualidade e segurança ao longo de todo o prazo de validade proposto; (ii) a avaliação do comportamento da embalagem e informações da rotulagem; (iii) o uso de uma metodologia de análise validada; (iv) e quando aplicável um estudo que simule as variações do produto nas condições de uso (ex.: diluições ou ativação para uso). Após análise crítica destas legislações, chega-se à proposta de um guia adequado às realidades do setor produtivo brasileiro, de forma a se regulamentar este procedimento como parte integrante do processo administrativo de registro sanitário nas rotinas da Agencia Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária - Brasil (ANVISA).

ZARANKIN, A.; SENATORE, M.X. Historias de uma Pasado en Blanco: Arqueologia Histórica Antártica. Belo Horizonte: Argumentum, 2007, 189 pp. ISBN 978-85-98885-69-8

MILLER, T.O. A segunda revolução científica: como o pensamento sobre o Universo chegou a se transformar nos últimos anos, na visão de uma antropólogo-arqueólogo transdisciplinar. nATAL: eDITORA DA ufrn, 2009, 263 PP., ISBN 9 788572 735346

Este artigo mostra que as interpretações arqueológicas de Hermann von Ihering, o primeiro diretor do Museu Paulista, resultam em boa medida dos permanentes contatos que ele manteve com os museus argentinos e seus principais pesquisadores. Argumenta também que tais contatos permitiram a Ihering fundamentar uma política colonial.

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o currículo do novo curso de Bacharelado em Arqueologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, criado em 2008, focado na relação com a Antropologia. A primeira parte do artigo trata do contexto histórico da relação teórica e conceitual entre a Antropologia e a Arqueologia. Finaliza esta abordagem histórica avaliando o impacto da globalização sobre o pensamento e práticas arqueológicos. A segunda parte do artigo trata do currículo, apresentando como os conceitos que permeiam o perfil do curso, bem como o impacto da globalização sobre o saber arqueológico, articulam-se nos quatro eixos estruturantes da formação em arqueologia proposta: eixo teórico, diacrônico, metodológico e patrimonial. O texto é encerrado indicando o compromisso do curso com o conceito de multivocalidade (Trigger) e com o diálogo com outras instituições, visando a aprimorar a formação profissional dos arqueólogos em nosso país.

DÍAZ-ANDREU, Margarita. A World History of Nineteenth-Century Archaeology. Nationalism, Colonialism, and the Past. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007, 486 p. ISBN 9780199217175.

O principal objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a contribuição arqueológica de Richard Francis Burton no contexto brasileiro. Em seguida, apresentamos traduções de textos arqueológicos de Burton, os quais são de difícil acesso e ainda inéditos em português.

A comunicação do risco é um processo interactivo de troca de informação sobre risco (natureza, gravidade e aceitabilidade) entre indivíduos, grupos e instituições relativo a situações que ameaçam a saúde, a segurança ou o ambiente. A comunicação do risco é um instrumento fundamental de gestão do risco quando inclui conselhos redutores do risco. A "gripe das aves", epizootia pelo vírus influenza A (H5N1) é um dos exemplos actuais da relevância dos comunicadores do risco na gestão de uma ameaça. Cabe aos médicos de saúde pública peritos em comunicação do risco promover a adequação do nível de consciencialização do público relativamente a este problema.

Cabe às modernas ciências ambientais o estudo sistemático do ambiente e à saúde ambiental o estudo do ambiente naquilo que interessa à saúde humana. Cabe aos técnicos da área ambiental a monitorização do estado do ambiente, sendo o estabelecimento de relações causais entre exposições ambientais e a saúde humana da responsabilidade de profissionais de saúde pública. O Autor aborda o conceito de saúde, realçando a moderna perspectiva de saúde. Seguidamente é caracterizado o processo de avaliação e gestão do risco, sendo destacada a importância da comunicação do risco como instrumento de gestão do risco.

The aim of this paper is to discuss the articulation of the Imperial Archaeology related to knowledge and power. From this articulation some matters are raised about the relationship between the archaeological practice, the Imperial political scheme and the Evolutionism.

O artigo analisa as pesquisas arqueológicas de Emílio Goeldi (1859-1917) realizadas no Museu Paraense, em Belém. Demonstra como Goeldi elaborou um plano sistemático de expedições e escavações, organizou coleções e definiu um problema regional de pesquisa. Enfatiza, ainda, como as pesquisas arqueológicas e etnológicas de Goeldi se articularam a uma política colonial.