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(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2024 9(1), 337-366 | Article | (Table of Contents) I. Introduction. - II. Air quality and EU law. - III. The CJEU’s case law on AQD. - iii.1. Public enforcement. - iii.2. Private enforcement. - IV. The JP judgement: no right to seek damages caused by air pollution. - iv.1. Damages are no longer a necessary corollary of direct effect. - iv.2. Member Staes liability for violation of EU law. - iv.3. Arts 13 and 23 AQD: rights whose infringement has no consequences attached. - iv.4. Between general and individual interests. - V. Conclusions | (Abstract) If the JP ruling were a book, it would be a thriller: not only the reader may be surprised by its outcome and by the arguments developed by the CJEU to support it, but it also contains a genuine “plot twist”, as until the end one is led to believe that the CJEU would have decided in the opposite way. While in previous cases it has constantly sought to enhance the effet utile of the EU regime on air quality, here the CJEU decided that individuals cannot claim compensation for damages suffered due to Member States’ infringements of that regime. By holding that Directive 2008/50/EC cannot confer rights to individuals because it pursues a general objective, the ruling seems inconsistent not only with the case law in this field, but also with several profiles that characterize the EU legal order from a broader perspective, such as the relation between direct effect and Member States’ liability. In addition to undermining the argument that EU law may recognize a substantive right to clean air, the ruling reduces the deterrent effect of Directive 2008/50/EC eliminating civil damages from the expected costs of air quality standards violations. The revision of Directive 2008/50/EC is currently under discussion and the Commission’s proposal – drafted before the JP ruling – recognizes the right to damages. The hope is that this point will survive the legislature procedure, reducing the relevance of the JP ruling: however, this is a feeble expectation considered the (need for Council’s approval and the) impact on Member States.

This contribution asks whether it is possible to imagine a research project without falling back into the loop that seems to characterize it in essence. Firstly, I present an analysis of the concept of "project" and show why that profoundly marks the research in general. In particular, I refer to an essay by Cacciari (1981) and one by Heidegger (1966). Subsequently, I reveal how, during my PhD, I did direct experience of what the two authors discuss about. Therefore, a possible strategy is suggested for not being enslaved by the project's aporias at the scale of a doctoral research. Following the example of some feminist scholars, one can indeed resort to "figuring". Such a method consists of offering a vision starting from a becoming. Thus, it entails for the PhD project to be placed on the being-able-to-be ground. Namely, not to be structured as a hypothesis about an object. Rather, the research project should propose in itself and start from a hypothetical object to be continuously confronted with social practice.

Most social scientists agree that informal norms constrain available equilibria in most human interactions. However, they do not agree on how to model them: economists often make them derivative of individual preferences, while a broader tradition in social theory understands them as exogenous social facts. Non-cooperative game theory more naturally accommodates the economists’ approach. However, attention is increasingly attracted to recent work by economists who appreciate that the broader understanding may be important for full empirical adequacy. We focus on how game theorists might track this emerging shift. Extending Stirling’s previously developed Conditional Game Theory, we model macrostructural processes of norm evolution through social influence diffusion in a way that relies on no exotic solution concepts, which in turn allows norms as social facts and norms as expressions of preferences to be modeled as evaluable complements, by analogy to the complementarity of cooperative and non-cooperative game solutions under the Nash program. The result can be understood as a way of specifying mutual constraints between economic models in which normative attitudes are exogenous, and sociological models that represent such attitudes as endogenous under power relationships and ontologies of social roles.

Introductive notes on "Ecology and Revolution" by Herbert Marcuse It is presented here the first Italian translation of Ecology and Revolution, a discourse held by Herbert Marcuse in Paris, in June 1972, during a round table with other important intellectuals. The critical theorist shows the anti-ecological logic of the capitalist development and reflects on the possibility of the newly born environmental movement to face against it. In particular, he highlights the subjective sides of such existential revolt, rooted in the vital impulse of Eros and satisfiable only into a post-capitalist eco-aesthetic society.

Philosophy, Ethics and Food Technologies: ethical and theoretical issues “Man is what he eats” So wrote Ludwig Feuerbach in an essay in 1862. Reflection on what we eat and the ethical issues raised by the consumption of food has constantly run through the history of Western thought, from Plato and Aristotle to the Old Testament, Luther’s exhortations, and Nietzsche with his dietary recommendations in Ecce homo. However, food ethics, in its current form, did not emerge as an independent field of study of applied ethics until the 1990s. Often, it is Ben Mepham’s 1996 text Food Ethics that is referred to as the starting point for a structured reflection on it. There are numerous topics under analysis in Food Ethics, and they concern both the production and distribution of food as well as its consumption. Browsing through the table of contents of Mepham’s text may give us an idea: world hunger and moral dilemmas; food aid and food distribution; sustainable food systems; the use of food of animal origin; the equation between food production, nutrition and health; food safety and ethical aspects; ethical analysis of food biotechnology; cultural aspects of food biotechnology; consumer freedom as an ethical practice in the food market; ethical issues in agri-food policies and food research. Almost thirty years after the publication of that volume, many of those issues are resurfacing. Advances in science and technology, however, are also handing us new possibilities to address them: cultured meat and fish, the use of 3D printers for food production, the introduction of new foods and new procedures to make them, the widespread use of AI in agribusiness, the new fields of nutrigenomics and nutraceutics. In fact, and broadening our gaze from ethical to theoretical reflection, the use of new technologies in the food sector is part of a broader process of technologisation of the world of life (and nature) that is present in various spheres. This process is culminating in the production of biohybrid organisms, in which the natural/biological and technological/artificial elements are difficult to separate. In other words, therefore, ‘in being what he eats’, through the use of various technologies, the human being is bidding farewell to dualistic and naive approaches that see a deep divide between technology and nature – thus laying the foundations for a new philosophical anthropology. Hence the profound need to understand, analyse and philosophically examine how the use of new technologies and new modes of food production and consumption are able to shape, hybridise and ultimately change the world around us. In this sense, this Dossier aims to explore the theoretical merits and preconditions behind the use of technologies in the creation of new forms of life and sustainable food practices. In this intersection of philosophy of technology, science and analysis of life-form structures, purely theoretical questions emerge: what notion of technology underpins food production in the 21st century? What concrete practices operate within the new food technologies and how do they relate to the techniques that have always characterised food production? How is it possible, de facto and de jure, to move from the use of foods considered natural to those derived from 3D printing? In other words, what notion of nature emerges from the use of new technologies in today’s food production and printing? In this dossier, we will examine, from a multi-focal perspective, both the ethical and the historical-philosophical aspects of food, in the belief that food choices attest to important characteristics of our modus essendi and our expectations of the future of humanity.

As is well-known, the descriptive grammars of the European languages started to regularly include a chapter on word-formation after Bopp’s work (Lindner 2015). However, the grammars of the Semitic languages, the philosophical grammars of German, the grammars of Sanskrit and some missionary grammars include such chapter even before Bopp. Among these, the German grammars were subject to some recent studies (Alfieri 2018, 2019), while the remaining groups of grammars have never been discussed in this perspective. The present paper aims to fill the gap by analysing the treatment of word-formation in the grammars of Sanskrit written before Bopp (1827).

Abstract (it) Facendo dialogare Sayad con altrɜ autorɜ, quest’articolo propone il concetto di presentificazione intendendolo come un uso politico del tempo da parte degli Stati-nazione, funzionale all’assoggettamento delle persone. Le politiche confinarie europee, infatti, pongono le soggettività migranti in regimi di incertezza legale e precarietà temporale, utilizzando il tempo come un’arma per astrarle dalla Storia, collocandole in un presente reiterato. La presentificazione produce assenza dal campo storico, mentre le persone tentano di farsi presenza. Questa condizione viene infatti sfidata dalle soggettività migranti, che provano a riappropriarsi del proprio tempo, attivando processi di soggettivazione, emergenti dalle pieghe dei regimi di assoggettamento. Il “provvisorio che dura” produce qualcosa laddove si fa presenza attraverso forme di attivazione politica che interrompono la ricorsività prodotta dai regimi di frontiera. Questo articolo muove quindi dalla dialettica tra campi di forza all’interno dei quali si gioca la partita del soggetto: da una parte, presentificazione e individuazione, dall’altra soggettivazione e storicizzazione.

The Land of Vorarlberg is Austria’s second smallest but most densely populated province after Vienna. Known for its innovative timber architecture, Vorarlberg’s approach integrates ecological, economic, functional, and aesthetic considerations, as championed by Wolfgang Ritsch of the Vorarlberger Architektur Institut (VAI). The region’s timber industry has faced challenges, including local provincialism and modernist material preferences, but gained prominence in the 1990s with the establishment of the Baukünstler group and the Vorarlberger Bauschule, recognised for their contributions to timber construction. Key to this development is Vorarlberg’s significant woodland, covering one-third of its area, and its commitment to sustainable forest management. Regional timber architecture aligns with the principles of appropriate technology, emphasizing eco-responsible, community-driven innovations. Vorarlberg’s timber architecture exemplifies a collaborative effort between designers and craftsmen, focusing on the use of local resources and high construction quality. The essay represents the introduction of notable projects including multifunctional public buildings, schools, offices, and residential complexes, reflecting the region’s commitment to sustainable development and architectural excellence. This ongoing innovation in wood-integrated solutions reinforces Vorarlberg as a hub for eco-friendly and culturally resonant architectural practices.

In this paper I analyse some different mythical narratives about the trial of Orestes after the matricide. Aeschylus’ Eumenides (458 B.C.E.) have canonised a single version of the myth, based on the judgement at the Areopagus Council and on the hero’s acquittal through Athena’s vote. As a matter of fact, other versions exist in and outside of Athens about the hero on trial (i.e. Eur. Or., El.; Theodectes Phas. fr. 5 Snell; Dem. 23.74), which reveal alternative assessments of Orestes’ vengeance act.

Sulla scorta dello studio mirato delle varianti genetiche dagli abbozzi di versione poetica consegnati all’autografo della lezione pavese sul libro X dell’Iliade, si ricostruisce l’orizzonte “pragmatico” della ricezione omerica di Vincenzo Monti nei primi anni dell’Ottocento sia rispetto agli antecedenti di Samuel Clarke e di Melchiorre Cesarotti sia rispetto alle istanze “neoclassiche” parallele e complementari di Ugo Foscolo, con nuove acquisizioni e spunti di riflessione per la cronologia aggiornata dell’intero volgarizzamento in vista della princeps (Brescia, dai torchi di Nicolò Bettoni) del 1810-1811.

In La Cena delle Ceneri Giordano Bruno wrote that “the moon is no more a heaven for us than we are a heaven for the moon”, anticipating, in some ways, what would later be called the principle of mediocrity or the Copernican principle: we are not privileged observers and the Earth is by no means a special place in the cosmos. For a long time this insight, supported by the belief that life is a widespread phenomenon in the Universe, drove speculation and thus the search for intelligent life forms on other celestial bodies. However, the first images of the Martian soil already gave a bleak picture, and the same happened a few years later with Venus, only in appearance similar to Earth, in fact a burning hell surrounded by an atmosphere of carbon dioxide. The belief that we are not in a privileged position, on a special planet, has given way to new interpretative hypotheses, on the basis of which life, a fortiori intelligent life, would be a rarer phenomenon than we might have expected. Recent advances in the field of astrobiology have made it possible to detect more than 5,000 exoplanets in our galaxy, and this undoubtedly opens up new exploration pathways for the search of extra-terrestrial life as well. Many questions arise: will we be able to recognise extraterrestrial life forms once we have them in front of us, or will they be so different as to be unrecognisable? Should such a discovery occur, will we have any direct duties towards alien ecosystems and exobiospheres? Who will decide what principles should guide future interactions and what criteria should be adopted? If, on the other hand, such contact never occurs, would our cosmic importance be magnified? Would our duties toward our common home be strengthened? And again: do we have a duty to protect our planet exclusively, or should the possibility of abandoning it to colonise new celestial bodies not be excluded? This Dossier aims to shed light on these and other questions, in the wake of a reflection that is now well-established. The philosophical reflection on astrophysics and astrobiology, in its various articulations, represents a field of investigation that for some years now has been trying to provide answers on the nature and impact of new scientific achievements, in ethical, socio-political and epistemological terms. At the same time, it also opens up new questions and new challenges that need to be explored in a spirit of interchange and fruitful collaboration.

The collection of essays presented in this volume, the fifth issue of Compendium, provides a literary and cultural mapping of the Atlantic that, through a critical-theoretical post-colonial perspective and a comparative approach, enables us to (re)assess the circulation of texts and cultures within the Atlantic space in the light of unequal power relations that are intrinsic to colonial modernity. Furthermore, the collection highlights the multiple forms of micro- and macro-physical violence underlying contemporary migrations which have always borne the scars of the colonial nature of knowledge and power. This dossiercomprises a series of essays that engage in dialogue with the social sciences, pedagogy, and literary studies, alongside two critical reviews.

In an increasingly apocalyptic climate in which the death of literature is loudly proclaimed, Mihaela Ursa refuses a nostalgic and melancholic reflection on the decline of the culture of the book. Instead, she chooses to investigate the ways in which the current media landscape has shaped the reception of fiction and how these mutations can be used in order to “revive” the classics and literature in general for a new generation of digital natives. Therefore, although this book is focused on canonical texts, the author does not intend to discuss their canonicity or their aesthetic value, but the way in which they are reappropriated through their transmedial circulation. The introductory chapter starts with the important assertion that literature is no longer the privileged road towards accessing narratives. However, instead of either mourning or praising the end of the literature-centric era, the author proposes a more useful activity: reflecting on how this change may impact our relationship with fiction. Since cultural and artistic revolutions do not manifest themselves as a destruction of previous practices in their field, the new technologies and media that are developing very rapidly do not signify the end of the book as a material support or the end of literacy as an ability, but instead their mutation and integration in a new network of narrative media. After all, as Mihaela Ursa argues, transmediality has been a trait of artistic productions since the very beginning, the rise of literature being the phenomenon actually responsible for narrowing the narrative space to its strictly written manifestation.

This article provides an examination of the linguistic features and language policy in the Friulian language. The study begins by delving into the historical and sociolinguistic context of Friuli. Subsequently, the phonological system is meticulously analyzed, encompassing phonemes, syllable structure, stress patterns, and vowel length distinctions. Moving forward, the article investigates morphological and syntactical aspects of Friulian, shedding light on the formation of plurals, the existence of supercompound forms, the construction of assertive and interrogative sentences, and some aspects of subordination. Furthermore, some lexical aspects of Friulian are discussed. Lastly, the study examines various measures of language policy that are implemented to preserve and promote the Friulian language. The article outlines some initiatives and efforts that aim to safeguard and foster the use of Friulian within its community.

Operando spectroscopy combines the in situ determination of material structure by spectroscopy/diffraction techniques with the measurement of material performance, which is conversion/selectivity in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. A central question in operando spectroscopy is whether the signatures visible by the characterization methods are responsible for catalyst performance. Individual analytical methods can provide useful information, but their combination (multi-technique approach) is essential to obtain a complete perspective on molecular reaction mechanisms. This approach must be coupled to experimental protocols and mathematical algorithms enabling the ability to disentangle the contribution of the active structure from the unresponsive one. Here, we report an account with examples from our own research activities in catalysis science.

In the following paper, we will focus in particular on the research and reflections carried out by the French anthropologist Philippe Descola, who offers us a useful perspective to radically rethink the conceptualisation that, through a millenary movement, has led our Western culture, represented by what he calls the Moderns (borrowing an expression from Bruno Latour), to objectify the natural environment and to deploy it as a separate and unmanageable entity to be dominated.

Review of: Ruxandra Cesereanu, Noah’s Literary Ark for Gourmets. Studies and Essays in Comparative Literature, Milano, Edizioni AlboVersorio, 2023

O regime de responsabilidade civil de provedores de aplicações na internet é principalmente ditado, no ordenamento brasileiro, pelo Marco Civil da Internet. Seu formato se alinha a um contexto social, tecnológico e econômico específico, refletindo e estabilizando determinada visão sobre o papel das plataformas digitais na sociedade e, em consequência, um determinado julgamento sobre o balanceamento de direitos fundamentais em jogo. Uma década depois da promulgação do Marco, seu regime geral de responsabilidade é alvo de discussão em sede constitucional no Supremo Tribunal Federal brasileiro. Isto se dá em meio a um cenário de concentração do mercado, uso ubíquo dos serviços providos por essas plataformas em relações públicas e privadas e à aplicação de tecnologias algorítmicas sofisticadas, desenhando um panorama de aprofundamento de problemáticas urgentes, como a radicalização política e formas diversas de violência e ódio na internet. Este artigo parte de revisão de bibliografia, jurisprudencial e documental com a intenção de responder à seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: há necessidade de adequação do sistema de responsabilidade construído pelo MCI aos ditames constitucionais e à manutenção do Estado Democrático de Direito? Nesse sentido, apresenta-se a hipótese de que as condições conjunturais e estruturais que determinam a inserção de alguns desses provedores em processos econômicos, políticos e sociais encontram-se tão radicalmente transformadas, que uma releitura do regime de responsabilidade é necessária para preservar o balanço pretendido. Ao fim, pretende-se prover recomendações de política pública que reflitam a complexidade do cenário atual a partir de uma proposta de responsabilidade progressiva baseada em riscos.

Este artigo aborda o prazo suplementar, prudencial ou a notificação preminotória, todos nomes de um instituto comum (Nachfrist), a partir da história do direito e do direito comparado para traçar seu regime jurídico no direito brasileiro. Além presente na disciplina de alguns contratos, cláusulas prevendo Nachfrist vem sendo cada vez mais frequentes na prática, sem que se cuide de aclimatá-las ao regime geral da resolução contratual. Conclui-se que pela admissibilidade geral da figura nas cláusulas resolutivas, apresentando seu regime jurídico mais adequado à luz da experiência comparada, e pela relevância da fixação de um prazo máximo para o cumprimento na resolução por inadimplemento prevista no art. 475 do Código Civil.

Abstract Background Intense selection of modern pig breeds has resulted in genetic improvement of production traits while the performance of local pig breeds has remained lower. As local pig breeds have been bred in extensive systems, they have adapted to specific environmental conditions, resulting in a rich genotypic and phenotypic diversity. This study is based on European local pig breeds that have been genetically characterized using DNA-pool sequencing data and phenotypically characterized using breed level phenotypes related to stature, fatness, growth, and reproductive performance traits. These data were analyzed using a dedicated approach to detect signatures of selection linked to phenotypic traits in order to uncover potential candidate genes that may underlie adaptation to specific environments. Results Analysis of the genetic data of European pig breeds revealed four main axes of genetic variation represented by the Iberian and three modern breeds (i.e. Large White, Landrace, and Duroc). In addition, breeds clustered according to their geographical origin, for example French Gascon and Basque breeds, Italian Apulo Calabrese and Casertana breeds, Spanish Iberian, and Portuguese Alentejano breeds. Principal component analysis of the phenotypic data distinguished the larger and leaner breeds with better growth potential and reproductive performance from the smaller and fatter breeds with low growth and reproductive efficiency. Linking the signatures of selection with phenotype identified 16 significant genomic regions associated with stature, 24 with fatness, 2 with growth, and 192 with reproduction. Among them, several regions contained candidate genes with possible biological effects on stature, fatness, growth, and reproductive performance traits. For example, strong associations were found for stature in two regions containing, respectively, the ANXA4 and ANTXR1 genes, for fatness in a region containing the DNMT3A and POMC genes and for reproductive performance in a region containing the HSD17B7 gene. Conclusions In this study on European local pig breeds, we used a dedicated approach for detecting signatures of selection that were supported by phenotypic data at the breed level to identify potential candidate genes that may have adapted to different living environments and production systems.

The symbolism of Poland and its rulers in the Dichiaratione dell’arco fatto in Padova nella venuta della Serenissima Reina Bona di Polonia The purpose of this article is to analyse the symbolism concerning Poland and the reigning house of the Jagellonian dynasty, represented, together with various symbols of other institutions, in a temporary triumphal arch, created in 1556 on the occasion of the arrival of Queen Bona Sforza in Padua. The city authorities asked Alessandro Maggi, a Paduan scholar and collector of antiquities, to take charge of the arch, designed by the Veronese architect Michele Sanmicheli, and to provide it with a symbolic-decorative apparatus. In order to immortalize the event, Maggi decided to write, in the form of an open letter, and to give to the press Dichiaratione dell’arco fatto in Padova nella venuta della Serenissima Reina Bona di Polonia, a chronicle in which he not only narrated Bona’s stay in the lands of the Venetian Republic and the festive procession that took place in Padua, but also meticulously described the structure of the arch, explaining, at least in part, its symbolism. In particular, the iconographic and iconological analysis of the allegorical representations and selected inscriptions will allow us to understand his level of knowledge of the realm of which Bona Sforza, consort of Sigismund I, had been queen for almost forty years, as well as what meanings Maggi ‒ through personal interpretations and the application of his profound knowledge of the ancient Roman world to the era contemporary to him ‒ intended to convey to onlookers.

Neuroblastoamele sunt tumori cu origine in celule sușe ale sistemului nervos simpatic, derivate din crestele neurale, reprezentând70% dintre tumorile cu localizare la nivelul glandei suprarenale. Neuroblastomul este cea mai frecventă tu- moră solidă la sugar, cu o prevalență de 1:70000 de nou-născuți, insumând aproximativ 20% din cancerele neonatale. Rata de mortalitate se situează la 15%, având ca factor cauzal dificultățile de diagnostic precoce. 1-2% din cazuri prezintă istoric familiar. Neuroblastoamele caracteristici genetice, biologice și morfologice heterogene si un comportament clinic divers.Lucrarea prezintă cazul unui nou-născut de sex feminin, 8 ore de viată, provenit din sarcină nedispensarizată, naștere dificilă cu aplicare de forceps, transferat in sectia de Chirurgie cu suspiciunea diagnostică de hemoperitoneu. Explorările imagistice efectuate in urgență confirmă diagnosticul de hemoperitoneu și relevă prezența unei tumori de glandă suprare- nală dreaptă, multiple diseminări hepatice si hepatomegalie importantă. La internare pacienta prezintă stare generala gravă, abdomen mărit de volum pe seama hepatomegaliei, circulație colaterală abdominală. Se intervine chirurgical, dupa stabilizarea hemodinamică a pacientei, practicându-se laparotomie subcostală dreaptă. Se constată prezența unei rupturi de lob drept hepatic, fără hmoragie activă pe tranșa de ruptură și se practică biopsie metastază tumorală hepatică, tumorsu- prarenalectomie dreaptă, controlul hemostazei. Evoluția postoperatorie este lent nefavorabilă pacienta prezentând anemie importantă, edeme generalizate, oligoanurie și in ciuda tratamentului suportiv maximal dezvoltă stop cardiocircultator ce nu răspunde la manevrele de resuscitare.Neuroblastomul este una dintre cele mai enigmatice tumori în perioada neonatală, putând regresa spontan sau progre- sa fulminant in absența unui plan terapeutic adecvat sau in prezența unui stadiu avansat. Diagnosticul precoce reprezintă o provocare in practica medicală curentă, ca in cazul prezentat in care afecțiunea a debutat in utero, iar pacienta nu a beneficiat de ecografie antenatală. Descoperirea unui neuroblastom fetal crează oportunitatea fie a unui tratament in utero, fie a unor precauții in ceea ce privește momentul nașterii.

This article examines how digitalisation is used for organisational distinction in the field of Swiss universities for the period 2010–2020. It shows that digitalisation does not fundamentally challenge the order of the Swiss university field but triggers competitive dynamics that are accompanied by different forms of identity articulation. The article concludes that the interplay of competition and identity articulation of actors is complex and must be analyzed in the context of relative field positions.

Partendo da un piccolo archivio amatoriale di immagini erotiche conservate nel tempo da un uomo omosessuale italiano appartenente al mondo fetish, detto E., è stato sviluppato un percorso teorico-visivo che attraversa aspetti del fetish e della cultura visuale associatavi. ARCHIVIEROTICA indaga l’archivio indipendente unendo testo e rielaborazione grafica, accompagnando ciascun paragrafo con una selezione di immagini dalla suddetta raccolta, riproposta come nuova matrice da riattivare. Esponendo l’oggetto, questo articolo vuole dimostrare come una pratica spontanea celi una forza sovversiva che si scontra con l’istituzione-potere che parodizza. Il paragrafo FETISH definirà il concetto collocando i riferimenti cronologici ritrovati nell’archivio, mentre il secondo, SENSIBILITÀ, si muoverà tra analogico, digitale, e l’immagine sinestetica che ritrae il feticcio; il seguente, COMUNITÀ, parte da una conversazione con E. e prende in considerazione l’immagine-per-attrarre e le modalità di archiviazione digitali precarie; il quarto paragrafo, PUBBLICO, tratterà della censura digitale della sessualità e della rabbia (queer) di cui è possibile riappropriarsi.

This text superimposes a seemingly random geometry over certain locations in the Alpine massifs, one that is certainly reductive and debatable, yet still connected to an evident modern unease. Over a period of a few decades, from the end of the 19th century to the early decades of the 20th century, some Alpine locations have been home to significant events and figures in the arts and culture, defining a concentrated itinerary in a relatively limited area. The figures introduced here carry ideas and embody forces far from the commonplaces that accompany our perception of the mountains and the more widespread image assigned to them. In this sense, it is also possible to approach the theme from Alpine iconography, whether it be the work of great artists, attempts at scientific representation or the simplest popular depictions. The protagonists of these itineraries are, indeed, directly linked to different ways of representing the mountain.

In this paper, the treatment of phraseological elements in four bilingual dictionaries of Istriot varieties – Gallesanese, Vallese, and Rovignese – and Italian is analyzed. First, an overview of the sociolinguistic situation of Istriot in the complex linguistic reality of Croatian Istria is provided. This is followed by a concise outline of Istriot lexicography. In the empirical part, after describing the analyzed dictionaries, the research results of the treatment of phraseology in the latter are presented and discussed. Finally, some concluding remarks are made.

Ensuring wine quality is crucial. However, the rise in quercetin deposits in red wines, particularly those made from Sangiovese grapes, is escalating due to factors such as machine harvesting and climate change (Price et al., 1995; Blancquaert et al., 2019; Gambuti et al., 2020; Vendramin et al., 2022). This issue extends beyond mere visual inconveniences linked to bottled wine to concerns about potential organoleptic damage. Currently used methods, such as PVPP fining, are prohibited in organic wine production under EU regulation n. 203/2012. To address this issue, the present study explored an organic-friendly solution that involves the use of a pectolytic enzyme with secondary glycosidase activity. The enzyme was validated in Chianti wine production and was observed to significantly accelerate the hydrolysis of glycosylated quercetins, giving their aglycone form. This accelerated process enhanced deposition before bottling without causing significant wine colour depletion, thus can be considered a promising approach even for organic winemakers.

Abstract - The linguistic derivation of ‘opera’ from ‘opus’ allows us to advance useful hypotheses on the recent nature of the locatio operarum. From the primitive unity of the locatio-conductio the locatio operarum would in fact have detached itself from the locatio rei in order to move the object of the assignment from the person of the worker to his activity and thus allow the work of the free man who subjected himself imperio alterius et potestati (Cic. Off. 22) for economic reasons. An attraction towards the obligation to do from the original obligation to give would have been exercised precisely by the locatio operis, which left the worker with greater managerial autonomy, limiting the control of the counterpart to the fairness of the corpus perfectum to be returned, without dividing the actions into individual operae to be carried out under the guidelines of others.

We make use of an analog gravity perspective to obtain a physical understanding of hydrodynamic instabilities stemming from the presence of quantized vortices in two-component atomic condensates and of their relation to ergoregion instabilities of rotating massive objects in gravitation. In addition to the localized instabilities related to vortex splitting, configurations displaying dynamically unstable modes that extend well outside the vortex core are found. In this case, the superradiant scattering process involves phonon emission into the much wider ergoregion of spin modes, so the physics most closely resembles the one of rotating massive objects. Our results confirm the potential of two-component condensates as analog models of rotating space-times in different regimes of gravitational interest.

Movements and institutions concerned with consumer protection request to improve the standard of living of individuals and improve the quality of life for them. Consumerism among consumers, promoting them to keep pace with developments in various fields, raising their awareness of the risks that threaten their security and safety, and informing them of scientific, health and economic knowledge so that the consumer obtains his full rights without being exposed to fraud or marketing deception. Rationalizing consumer purchasing behavior, as this study was conducted on a sample of consumers in the state of Ouargla, and a questionnaire was used as a tool for the study, so the number of questionnaires used reached 200 forms), and the results showed that: There is a weak direct correlation estimated at (28%) between consumer protection associations purchasing behavior; The Consumer Protection Association played a weak role in providing targeted promotional programs to educate and rationalize consumers.

Cyber-ostracism is an experience that, similar to the ostracism occurring within in-person relational contexts, gives rise to negative psychological consequences, leading to negative emotional reactions, and threatening the basic needs of each individual-belonging, self-esteem, meaningful existence, and control. The present study aimed to explore the possible moderating role of self-monitoring on the impact of cyber-ostracism on people’s emotions and need satisfaction. We employed the Ostracism Online paradigm, a research tool resembling a social media platform, that allows researchers to manipulate the number of likes that participants receive as a cue of cyber-ostracism. A total of 212 participants were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions (Ostracism Online: cyber-ostracism vs. cyber-inclusion). After completing measures related to their social media usage and the self-monitoring scale, participants were exposed to the Ostracism Online paradigm and then were asked to complete measures related to their emotional reactions and need satisfaction. Results highlighted a different moderating role of self-monitoring on emotions and need satisfaction. Specifically, in the cyber-ostracism condition, participants with higher levels of self-monitoring reported higher levels of negative emotions compared to participants with lower levels of self-monitoring. Differently, we only found an effect of self-monitoring on the control dimension of need satisfaction. In particular, included participants with higher levels of self-monitoring reported higher levels of perceived control compared to included participants with lower levels of self-monitoring. Our findings contribute to expanding our understanding of self-monitoring and its role in moderating the effects of cyber-ostracism that may occur within social media.

This work deals with the analysis of the energy performance and the environmental impact of a Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system based on an innovative Air-to-Water electrical Heat Pump (AWHP) using propane (R290) as the refrigerant. A building of the University of Bologna located in Forlì (North of Italy) is considered for replacing a condensing gas boiler and a conventional chiller with an AWHP using R290. To evaluate the efficiency of the existing heating system and the potential savings linked to the adoption of the propane AWHP, the building energy model was created and calibrated by collecting monthly thermal and electrical consumptions as a function of the actual climate data. In this paper, the main features of the R290-based AWHP are described in detail by emphasising the device performance as a function of the operating conditions (i.e., air and water temperature and speed of the scroll compressor). A series of scenarios have been studied to evaluate the energy performance of the propane AWHP with respect to the reference scenario under various operating conditions. The results show that while the total primary energy demand increases adopting the propane AWHP with respect to the case of a gas boiler, the non-renewable primary energy fraction decreases significantly, with a dramatic increase in the renewable quote. From an economic point of view, lower annual costs are obtained by adopting a propane AWHP coupled to fan coils, mainly when the electrical heat pump is used in a thermally insulated building in which a photovoltaic system is installed.

Through a documentary and bibliographical analysis, the text seeks to demonstrate how much the most recent electoral processes – particularly since the 2009 general elections – have influenced the so-called “reverse transition”, i.e. the democratic regression of a country like Mozambique. Thus, the electoral processes show the deterioration of the Mozambican democratic system, constituting the most obvious mirror of the institutional weakness of a country that, moreover, has emphasised authoritarian elements and its repressive apparatus.

Applied ethics as singular or plural? Disciplinary Pluralism and the Centrality of Science in the new Horizons of Bioethics The accelerated scientific and technological advancements of the 20th and 21st centuries have, on the one hand, created a gap between Sapiens’ technical abilities and its moral psychology. On the other, it has offered our species unprecedented possibilities for hybridisation with the world outside. The need for a well-structured reflection on the ethical-philosophical aspects of the new scenarios was the driving force behind the transformation of Ethics. Toulmin, in a 1982 paper How medicine saved the life of Ethics, emphasised the key role that medicine played in giving new life to ethics and stimulating the birth of Bioethics, a kind of Applied Ethics at the center of a vast debate. In fact, to take up Toulmin’s expression and, in some ways, revive it, not only medicine, but the sciences of the biosciences as a whole, engineering in its various forms, information technology right up to the leading sectors of artificial intelligence and synthetic biology have fostered the emergence of new areas of reflection and the multiplication of applied ethics. Each area of applied ethics somehow claims its own autonomy, in terms of the elaboration of specific analytical tools, distinctive problems and specific skills that a scholar within that area should exhibit. Nonetheless, it is also clear that the common denominator between the various fields and the connecting elements that emerge in the differences and beyond them should not be overlooked. Faced with these scenarios, there are two main themes that the present Issue intends to focus on.1) To try to answer the question of whether disciplinary autonomy and pluralism in relation to Applied Ethics are the regulatory ideal to which we should adhere or rather (at least in some cases) an obstacle that prevents us from finding a more general framework for sectors of ethical reflection that often present points of contact and interconnected problems that it would be more effective to address by overcoming the hyper-specialisation that today seems to be the ultimate destiny (even) of the philosophical disciplines; 2) starting from the observation that in applied ethics the object of enquiry cannot be a mere Gegenstand (something that is in front of) but an active part of the process of reflection, a further question to be examined will be: what space in an ethics of science must scientific knowledge of reference occupy, in order to avoid making it the mere object of an external reflection?

Bioethics and the Ethics of Extinction This article explores the idea of rethinking bioethics in terms of an Ethics of extinction. After showing the centrality to contemporary ethical debates of extinction, the article shows how bioethics was the first broad disciplinary reflection on the ethical consequences of human actions potentially bringing about extinction. In particular, it will focus on a widely debated issue in bioethics related to our inability as individuals and as a collectivity to deal with current existential risks.

The Future of Bioethics between current Scenarios and new Horizons Bioethics is a complex discipline whose contributions have marked a fundamental part of the philosophical and moral debate of the second half of the 20th century and early 2000s. Adriano Pessina, one of the protagonists of this debate, offers his analysis to shed light on some of these aspects and to reflect on the transformations taking place. The contribution examines issues such as the role of ethics committees, the relationship between bioethics understood as biomedical ethics and global bioethics, and whether it is possible to develop a universalist ethical model.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the parameters of significant wave height, wave period and wave length in the Black Sea basin in the period 2017 – 2021. To achieve this objective, satellite altimetry measurements from the IMOS database were used and compared with the values of SWAN model simulations. The results obtained from the processing of these two data sets contribute to a more in-depth understanding of the characteristics of wind waves in the Black Sea due to the special importance from a scientific, economic, political-military and strategic point of view of this geographical space.

This study examines the military treatises concerning cavalry in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. A historical overview is presented to highlight the challenges faced by chivalry and cavalry in the early modern period. The study then engages in a synoptic and comparative analysis of seven authors and their treatises. Though various themes may be present, the primary focus of this study is on the central debate of the period: the comparison between the unit of Lancers and that of Cuirassiers. This topic not only had technical implications, but also carried social ramifications. Through an analytical examination of the treatises, this study argues that the intense discussion surrounding this topic demonstrates a significant interest in the subject. Despite some claims of predetermination, the resolution of this discussion remained indeterminate at the close of the 16th century and persisted in a state of ambiguity for the ensuing half-century.

The Dayton Accords (1995) officially marked the end of wars in the Balkans, but the situation of political fragmentation and ethnic hatred resulting from the conflict continued to be present in the social context. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, school policy is a result of hatred that flared up in the years of conflict. Bosnia and Herzegovina was a multicultural territory before the war, in which Muslim, Serbian and Croatian communities coexisted peacefully. Since 1995, Bosnia represents a case of pacification accomplished through the international diplomacy, but which has materialized in a division of internal borders. Two schools under one roof is the title of a project that was conceived in the post-war period, in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This model provides the separation of students on an ethnic and religious basis: different programs are adopted in the various classes, depending on the enclave to which they belong to; in this context of growing conflict expressed in educational policies, attempts to meet and dialogue are built by students and civil population.

This paper stands in line with educational research on children’s conception of otherness through skin colour. The first part focuses on the epistemological context: it can be referred to the complexity paradigm and to a pragmatic approach of investigation, both aimed at confronting real problems such as the connection between colourism and racism. After considering some of the main research directions in this field, the second part articulates the construct of conception as the basis of the research framework. Finally, the third part describes the research design, the steps that led to the text stimulus outline, and what is in progress, looking for a constructive dialogue with other active processes in the national scientific community.

Abstract Background The gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) has long been considered resistant to viral nervous necrosis (VNN), until recently, when significant mortalities caused by a reassortant nervous necrosis virus (NNV) strain were reported. Selective breeding to enhance resistance against NNV might be a preventive action. In this study, 972 sea bream larvae were subjected to a NNV challenge test and the symptomatology was recorded. All the experimental fish and their parents were genotyped using a genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array consisting of over 26,000 markers. Results Estimates of pedigree-based and genomic heritabilities of VNN symptomatology were consistent with each other (0.21, highest posterior density interval at 95% (HPD95%): 0.1–0.4; 0.19, HPD95%: 0.1–0.3, respectively). The genome-wide association study suggested one genomic region, i.e., in linkage group (LG) 23 that might be involved in sea bream VNN resistance, although it was far from the genome-wide significance threshold. The accuracies (r) of the predicted estimated breeding values (EBV) provided by three Bayesian genomic regression models (Bayes B, Bayes C, and Ridge Regression) were consistent and on average were equal to 0.90 when assessed in a set of cross-validation (CV) procedures. When genomic relationships between training and testing sets were minimized, accuracy decreased greatly (r = 0.53 for a validation based on genomic clustering, r = 0.12 for a validation based on a leave-one-family-out approach focused on the parents of the challenged fish). Classification of the phenotype using the genomic predictions of the phenotype or using the genomic predictions of the pedigree-based, all data included, EBV as classifiers was moderately accurate (area under the ROC curve 0.60 and 0.66, respectively). Conclusions The estimate of the heritability for VNN symptomatology indicates that it is feasible to implement selective breeding programs for increased resistance to VNN of sea bream larvae/juveniles. Exploiting genomic information offers the opportunity of developing prediction tools for VNN resistance, and genomic models can be trained on EBV using all data or phenotypes, with minimal differences in classification performance of the trait phenotype. In a long-term view, the weakening of the genomic ties between animals in the training and test sets leads to decreased genomic prediction accuracies, thus periodical update of the reference population with new data is mandatory.

En este artículo, se presenta una revisión de antecedentes por investigaciones que han tomado como objeto, desde diferentes enfoques y metodologías, una práctica educativa relativamente novedosa: los intercambios virtuales en formación docente. Esta práctica pedagógica requiere de una revisión de la bibliografía especializada que tenga en cuenta esa heterogeneidad constitutiva a la hora de presentar los avances en el campo. En este sentido, el presente artículo se organiza a partir de tres dimensiones: primero, parte de investigaciones de carácter general sobre intercambios virtuales; segundo, se indaga qué se ha estudiado en el ámbito de la formación docente. Y, finalmente, a raíz del recorrido bibliográfico, se señalan los aspectos que convierten a estos proyectos colaborativos interculturales en una práctica significativa de reflexión lingüística y de metacognición para futuros docentes de lengua; así como también las preguntas vacantes que constituyen un promisorio punto de partida para pensar los desafíos en la educación lingüística.

Abstract This article continues Vygotsky’s efforts in investigating the social genesis of affective generalization in artistic creative and reception process proposed in On the problem of the psychology of the actor’s creative work. Affective generalization abstracts emotions and feelings from the individual to the social plane and from the mundane to the hyper-generalized level. Based on an examination of Vygotsky’s aesthetic ideas, we introduced Chinese philosopher Defeng Wang’s work in philosophy of art under the existential approach. Finally, we propose to adopt the cultural psychology of semiotic mediation as a framework to capture this dynamic process.

Due autori stilisticamente e ideologicamente divergenti, che avevano già pubblicato in autonomia due plaquette di versioni da Williams, collaborano alla traduzione delle sue Poesie, dando vita ad un volume unico. Nella prima parte l’articolo ricostruisce, servendosi degli scambi epistolari, le dinamiche del processo editoriale, segnate da due modi di concepire le finalità e l’architettura interna del libro. Nella seconda riflette su alcuni aspetti linguistico-stilistici delle pratiche traduttive, a partire da un confronto delle due versioni di The Widow’s Lament in Springtime. Parole chiave: Cristina Campo, Vittorio Sereni, William Carlos Williams, Einaudi, traduzione.