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Con la popularización del español en la educación china, han surgido urgentes necesidades de renovar los métodos didácticos y los manuales. Este artículo se enfoca en la indagación del cambio de los enfoques pedagógicos de la enseñanza de español en China a través de un análisis contrastivo del manual Español Moderno entre su versión antigua y su versión renovada. Se han llegado a la conclusión de que en China se está dando más peso a las competencias comunicativas de los alumnos y a la enseñanza de los aspectos culturales y socioculturales. Pese a eso, se mantienen los métodos de enseñanza tradicionales y no se puede considerar una enseñanza comunicativa en su totalidad.

En esta investigación se propone explorar las relaciones entre el visionado de películas y series subtituladas con el aprendizaje del español dirigido a los estudiantes chinos desde la aproximación a la triangulación investigadora. Para ello, por un lado, se lleva a cabo un estudio de encuesta mediante un cuestionario con la participación de 207 estudiantes chinos de lengua española, procedentes de 42 universidades de China y de España. Por otro lado, se realiza un estudio con enfoque cualitativo mediante entrevistas efectuadas a estudiantes de lengua española y profesoras chinas de ELE (Español como Lengua Extranjera). Los resultados de ambos estudios se analizan conjuntamente para complementar la información obtenida.

At present, China is affected by the decline of international market demand, and the export growth rate is slowing down, so it is urgent to rely on domestic demand to stimulate economic growth. The widening income disparity intercity and countryside is not conducive to releasing the consumption power of rural residents and building a harmonious society in China today. The regional economic development gap is a universal and international problem in the process of economic development in all countries of the world, which has always been concerned by all countries of the world. The existence and expansion of regional economic development gap will inevitably have a great impact on the economic development and social stability of various countries (or regions). This paper mainly focuses on the problem of city-country fringe income disparity between regions. First, it makes a comparative analysis of the city-country fringe income disparity between regions in China. In the analysis of the income composition of urban and rural residents, it is found that the wage income disparity has the largest contribution to the overall income disparity intercity and countryside; Although the contribution rate of operating income is negative, the role of operating income disparity in narrowing the overall income disparity intercity and rural residents is decreasing; Property income accounts for a small proportion of urban and rural residents’ income, and its contribution rate is low; The transfer income disparity has a large contribution rate to the city-country fringe income disparity, which is due to the long-term city-country fringe division in China.

In this study, the resources of traditional Chinese medicine were exploited reasonably, which was mainly composed of the active components of malus hupehensis and four kinds of plant components, such as Pueraria lobata, tangerine peel, jujube and corn sweet core. The preparation process of the product has been solved, and preliminary product efficacy experiments have been carried out, which has been proved to be able to relieve the symptoms of alcohol discomfort.

Machinery can suffer from mechanical vibrations since resonance may be generated from time-varying external excitations under different operation conditions. These detrimental vibrations may significantly influence the device's performance, effectiveness and reliability in operation. In this paper, an innovative, simple and high-efficiency tuned vibration absorber (TVA) consisting of shape memory alloy (SMA) wires, which is referred to a wire-type tuned vibration absorber (WTVA), is proposed to reduce the induced vibration. Experiments are carried out using a six-degree-of-freedom platform which is designed to simulate the frame of precision machinery in practical applications. With the equivalent stiffness of SMA wires adjusted by the controlled electric current, the frequency tunability of WTVA can be achieved. When the natural frequency of WTVA tuned in with the disturbance frequency, the experimental results demonstrate that the efficiency in vibration reduction of the platform is drastically increased even with considerable weight difference between WTVA and the platform. Moreover, the tunable frequency span also increases greatly due to the new design of WTVA and the material characteristics of SMA wires.

3D printing is a new study direction of building method in recent years. The applicability of 3D printing equipment and cement based materials is analyzed, and the influence of 3D printing operation parameters on the printing effect is explored in this paper. Results showed that the appropriate range of 3D printing operation parameters: print height/nozzle diameter is between 0.4 to 0.6, the printing speed 4-8 cm/s with pumpage 9 * 10-2 m 3/ h.

Although the equivalent fixture error approach used in variation propagation can directly model the process physics regarding how datum-induced, fixture-induced and machine tool-induced errors generate the same error pattern on part features, the developed equivalent fixture error compensation technique did not consider machining-induced variations. Machining-induced variations are often caused by geometric-thermal effects, cutting force-induced variations, and/or cutting-tool wear, etc. Such machining-induced variations are an important factor that influences the part quality. Without considering machining-induced variations, the application of EFE model for error compensation will be limited. In order to overcome this limitation, this paper extends current equivalent fixture error to include machining-induced variations. This paper shows the benefits of the extended model through a case study.

Assembly variations are unavoidable due to parts’ geometrical errors. Statistical variation analysis is an effective method to quantitatively predict product quality in the original design stage. However, traditional methods can’t handle the problem of abnormal distribution of the actual variation variables. Meanwhile, they are underdeveloped in regard to the complex geometrical errors in spatial 3D state. To overcome this problem, firstly, Jacobian-Torsor model is used to build the variation propagation, which is well suited to a complex assembly that contains large numbers of joints and geometric tolerances; secondly, Pearson distribution family is adopted to determine probability distribution pattern and build probability density function. By comparing results of the suggested method to the Monte Carlo method, it is observed that this novel method has the same accuracy, but much higher efficiency. The results also demonstrate that probability distribution types of the parts variations have a significant impact on the final assembling variation.

Due to recent rapid commercial and industrial development, mechanical equipment is supplemented massively in the factory and thus mechanical operation causes noise which distresses living at home. In livelihood, neighborhood, transportation equipment, jobsite construction noises impact on quality of life not only factory noise. This study aims to preparation technique and property evaluation of porous sound-absorbing/thermal-insulating composites. Hollow three-dimensional crimp PET fibers blended with low-melting PET fibers were fabricated into hollow PET/low-melting PET nonwoven after opening, blending, carding, lapping and needle-bonding process. Then, hollow PET/low-melting PET nonwovens were laminated into sound-absorbing/thermal-insulating composites by changing sequence of needle-bonding and thermal-treatment. The optimal thermal-treated sequence was found by tensile strength, tearing strength, sound-absorbing coefficient and thermal conductivity coefficient tests of porous composites.

In this research, a type of bamboo charcoal polyester (BC-PET)/antibacterial nylon(AN)/stainless steel wire (SSW) metal composite yarn was prepared with a hollow spindle spinning machine, which using the SSW as the core material, the BC-PET and AN as the outer and inner wrapped yarns, respectively. The wrapping numbers was set at 8.0turns/cm for the produced metal composite yarns. Furthermore, a type of plated knitted fabric was designed and produced by using the automatic jacquard knitting machine. The plated knitted fabric presents the BC-PET/AN/SSW metal composite yarn on the knitted fabric face and the crisscross-section polyester (CSP) on the knit back. The effect of lamination numbers and angles on the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) were discussed in this study. EMSE measurement showed that the lamination angles will influence the EMSE, but not affect the air permeability. Finally, a novel EM shielding socks was designed with the produced plated knitted fabric. Finally, the performance of thermal resistance and evaporation resistance was also test usingThe sweating guarded hot plate apparatus.

This study proposes making filter materials with polypropylene (PP) and low-melting point (LPET) fibers. The influences of temperatures and times of heat treatment on the morphology of thermal bonding points and average pore size of the PP/LPET filter materials. The test results indicate that the morphology of thermal bonding points is highly correlated with the average pore size. When the temperature of heat treatment is increased, the fibers are joined first with the thermal bonding points, and then with the large thermal bonding areas, thereby decreasing the average pore size of the PP/LPET filter materials. A heat treatment of 110 °C for 60 seconds can decrease the pore size from 39.6 μm to 12.0 μm.

The swine wastewater has the characteristics of high concentration of organic matter, suspended solids and more high ammonia nitrogen, odor, complex pollution ingredient and large emissions. Microbial fuel cells (MFC) is an electrochemical and biological systems related to chemical energy into electrical energy. A two-chambered cubic microbial fuel cell was used to evaluate the effect of a novel 3D electrode which made of iron and copper on the electricity generation. The swine wastewater containing total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) 3300±300 mg/L was used as the feedstock in anode chamber, and the potassium ferricyanide was used as electron acceptor in cathode chamber. The MFC reactor was incubated with the initial pH 7.0 in a air-shaker with a temperature (ca. 35°C) and 100 rpm in fed-batch mode. A fixed external resistance (R) of 100 Ω was connected between the electrodes and the closed circuit potentials of the MFCs were recorded every 2 min. The results show that using iron 3D electrode has the peak electricity generation of 176 mV at the first two day and maintained the stable electricity voltage of 110 mV during the 5th to 15th days. The COD removal efficiency could reach 80%. Using copper 3D electrode only can generate the peak electricity of 33.1 mV and stable electricity of 27 mV with the COD removal efficiency of 70%.

Nonwoven fabrics have merits, and for example, they can be simply and quickly processed with a variety of materials and an easily changeable manufacturing process. This study aims to examine the influences of the addition of sodium alginate (SA) and the concentration of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on the properties of the composite nonwoven fabrics. Chitosan (CS) micro-particles and SA solution are cross-linked with CaCl2 with various concentrations, combined with farir heat preservative staples (FT)/cotton (C) nonwoven fabrics, and then freeze-dried to form CS/SA/FT/C composite nonwoven fabrics. Afterwards, physical property tests are performed on the resulting composite nonwoven fabrics to determine their properties as related to various concentrations of CaCl2. The addition of SA decreases the water vapor permeability of FT/C nonwoven fabrics by 15 %, but the concentrations of CaCl2 do not influence the water vapor permeability. Compared to FT/C nonwoven fabrics, CS/SA/FT/C composite nonwoven fabrics have significantly lower water absorbency and water vapor permeability, but a greater stiffness.