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In this work an analytical model for the energy harvesting of an acoustic spherical sensor has been developed in the context to make it autonomous. Our spherical sensor is composed of two half-spheres of Plexiglas and a piezoelectric ring of PZ26 that can be used as exciter or sensor. For the analytical model, the piezoelectric ring was modeled using two primary modes of vibration: thickness and radial. For each mode, the ring is described by an equivalent electromechanical model which connects the mechanical part (forces and velocities) to the electrical part (voltage and current). The proposed paper theoretical model enables building a global electromechanical circuit in order to simulate the total harvested voltage response.

Objective: To determine if infants who experienced obstetrical complications (OCs) have a greater tendency to show frequent physical aggression behaviours before the age of 2, independent of gender and family income. Another objective was to explain, at least partly, the sexual differences found in some behaviours using OCs.Method: Data were from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD). OCs were measured with Agpar scores (< 7) at 1 minute following birth. Family income level—sufficient or not—was measured when infants were about 5 months old. Twelve behaviours of physical aggression, opposition defiance, and hyperactivity were measured when infants were about 17 months old. Weighted data were analyzed using hierarchical log-linear models.Results: Results suggest that infants with an Agpar score of less than 7 after birth are generally more likely to frequently display aggressive behaviours at 17 months, independent of gender and family income. Further, these results suggest it may be possible to explain, by OCs, the greater tendency in boys to frequently display aggressive behaviours at 17 months.Conclusions: Contrary to some hypotheses, it turns out that OCs have an impact on aggressive behaviours before the age of 2 independent of socioeconomic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: The authors had for aim to determine the distribution of bacterial isolates and the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli from community-acquired urinary tract infections in an area covering 57,000 people (Elbeuf, Normandie, France). Design: From November 2007 to October 2008, three private French laboratories consecutively collected 2344 bacteria including 1636 E. coli from outpatients. The antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli was determined using an automatized method (Vitek 2 Biomerieux). Results: The global susceptibility of E. coli was: ampicillin: 57%; amoxicillin+clavulanic acid: 73%; cefixim: 96%; ceftriaxone: 98%; gentamycin: 96%; nalidixic acid: 82%; ciprofloxacin: 89%; fosfomycin: 98%; nitrofurantoin: 96% and cotrimoxazole: 81%. The susceptibility of E. coli to ciprofloxacin was higher in 15- to 65-year-old female patients (94%) than for older female (85%) or male patients (80%). Conclusions: In the Elbeuf area, third generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin were the most effective on E. coli isolated from community-acquired urinary tract infections. Fluoroquinolones were more active in 15- to 65-year-old female patients than in male patients and in female patients over 65 years of age. The rates of acquired resistance were related to the level of antibiotic prescription in the various populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Lors d’une infection neuroméningée, le challenge est de faire le diagnostic malgré une clinique souvent aspécifique aux urgences. Les recommandations préconisent une mise en route aussi rapide que possible des thérapeutiques (antibiotiques et antiviraux), un retard étant corrélé à la morbi-mortalité. L’objectif principal était d’évaluer nos pratiques et d’étudier les délais de la prise en charge globale des ces infections aux urgences. Matériels et méthodes Nous avons conduit une étude rétrospective et monocentrique sur 4 ans (2012–2015) aux urgences d’un CHU. Tous les patients pour lesquels le résultat de la PL était positif ont été inclus pour analyse ( n = 67). Nous avons analysé les données cliniques, biologiques ainsi que les thérapeutiques entreprises. Nous avons également comparé ces résultats avec un groupe témoin ( n = 25) suspect d’infections neuroméningées (PL négatives). Résultats L’âge moyen de la population était de 43 ± 21,5 ans. Il n’existait pas de différence significative entre les deux groupes concernant la présentation clinique initiale hormis pour les troubles de la vigilance ( p = 0,02). Tous les patients de l’étude ( n = 92) ont bénéficié d’une PL avec un délai moyen de 381 ± 370 minutes, sans différence entre les deux groupes ( p = 0,76). Ce délai était plus élevé dans le sous-groupe encéphalite ( n = 13, p = 0,03). Les patients ayant bénéficié d’une imagerie (scanner ou IRM) avaient un délai de réalisation de la PL significativement plus long (450 min vs 193 min, p < 0,001). Soixante pour cent (IC 95 % : 50–70) des patients toutes PL confondues ont bénéficiés d’une imagerie alors que l’indication n’était effective que dans 24 % des cas. Les patients pour lesquels ce diagnostic était évoqué dès le poste de l’infirmière d’accueil et d’orientation (IAO) avait un délai moyen de réalisation de la PL plus court (162 min vs 381 min, p = 0,03). Le délai médian de prescription de l’antibiothérapie était de 339 minutes (IQR : 198–534 min) sans différence significative entre les deux groupes ( p = 0,7). Au total, 94 % des patients ont été hospitalisés pour une durée moyenne de 11,7 ± 15,5 jours et 10 % ont été admis en réanimation. Conclusion Ce travail montre que malgré les recommandations, le management des ces infections demeurent hétérogènes et trop lents aux urgences. Les délais et l’algorithme de prise en charge (PL, imagerie et antibiothérapie) sont difficilement respectés, l’IAO semble avoir un rôle prépondérant dans la détection précoce de ces infections potentiellement graves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to present and analyze the results of the French cohort in a European Board of Ophthalmology (EBO) survey on cataract surgical training in Europe, highlighting the particularities of French training., Materials and Methods: A 23-question electronic questionnaire was sent to interns applying for the EBO examination from 2018 to 2022. Responses from French participants were specifically collected and analyzed., Results: Of 122 responding French ophthalmologists, the mean age was 31.0±2.8 years with an equal distribution between men and women. The most frequent pre-patient training sessions were on virtual reality simulators (8.6±8.2 sessions). French respondents reported a higher average number of partial (124.1±94.8) and complete (96.4±93.1) surgeries, with increased confidence (0-10 scale) in performing simple (7.3±2.4) and complex (5.51±2.6) surgeries, as well as in managing posterior capsular ruptures (7.2±2.5) or performing corneal sutures (3.9±2.7)., Discussion: Within the European landscape, French cataract surgery training is part of a model of "surgery for all", without gender disparity. Regional variations, however, mark the French landscape, in contrast to other European nations such as Spain and Germany. Standardization of pre-patient training sessions is proposed as a means of equalization., Conclusion: To standardize cataract surgery training in Europe, it is advisable to establish recommendations and educational strategies, including the standardization of pre-patient training sessions to ensure validation of surgical skills., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare self-ligating brackets (SLBs) considered as a whole to conventional brackets (CBs). An electronic search was performed in three databases (PubMed, MEDLINE via Web of Science, Cochrane Library) from their origin up to June 2017. Additional articles were hand searched from January 2006 to June 2017. This meta-analysis was restricted to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and split mouth design studies (SMDs). No distinction was made between active and passive SLBs. The following variables were investigated : treatment duration, number of visits, alignment rate, rate of space closure, perception of discomfort during the initial phase of treatment, pain experience during wire insertion or removal, bond failure rate, time to ligate in or to untie an archwire, periodontal indices, occlusal outcomes, transverse arch dimensional changes and root resorption. 25 RCTs and 9 SMDs were finally selected. It was more painful to insert or remove a 0.019× 0.025 SS archwire in/from SLBs. It was significantly quicker to insert or remove an archwire from SLBs. There was less bleeding on probing with SLBs 4 or 5 weeks after bonding. All other variables did not exhibit any significant difference between SLBs and CBs. Out of the 31 comparisons between self-ligating and conventional brackets, 9 only revealed statistically significant differences. This meta-analysis contradicts most of the promotional statements put forward by the distributors.

Biostatistics are omnipresent in the scientific and medical literature and are an essential skill for any health student. We have developed a practical training tool - GMRC Shiny stats - an interactive application specifically dedicated to medical data statistical analysis. The application has been designed to provide an analysis workflow corresponding to the usual progression of an experienced statistician during data analysis. The most common statistical analyses can be performed (descriptive statistics, inferences according to frequentist methods, survival analyses, correlation, agreement measurements, etc.). GMRC Shiny stats is intuitive and user-friendly and assists students in choosing the most appropriate statistical tests. With all these functionalities, students can learn statistical analysis by doing. Getting involved in the statistical analysis and processing of their own data is likely to improve their biostatistics skills., (Copyright © 2020 Académie Nationale de Pharmacie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Nursing practice on a ship involves certain risks and constraints inherent to the facilities themselves and the maritime environment. The response in the case of a medical incident at sea is guided by an organisation adapted to these constraints, overseen by a specific regulatory body. Different entities, players and resources may be involved depending on the diverse situations encountered., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The aim of this study is to assess the attractiveness in the smile arch of different vertical positions of the incisal edges of the maxillary lateral incisors., Material and Methods: A frontal photograph of a Caucasian woman's smile was digitally modified to obtain an image with the incisal edges of the maxillary lateral incisors symmetrically tangent to the smile arch. These incisal edges were then moved vertically by 0.5 mm increments. The value was considered positive for an occlusal shift and negative for a gingival shift. Four other images were obtained by moving the incisal edges from +0.5 mm to -1.5 mm. The five images were rated on a visual analog scale by three groups of evaluators: orthodontists, dentists and laypersons. A statistical analysis was performed., Results: Laypersons preferred first lateral incisors tangent to the smile arch, second a +0.5 mm shift, and third a -0.5 mm shift. Orthodontists and dentists preferred first a -0.5 mm shift and second a null shift., Conclusions: The aesthetic perception of the smile, as regard to the vertical relationships between the incisal edges of the anterior teeth, differs between laypersons and professionals but remains homogenous between orthodontists and dentists. The most consensual aesthetic situation, from both professionals' and laypersons' points of view, is the geometry in which the incisal edges of the maxillary lateral incisors are tangent to the smile arch., (© EDP Sciences, SFODF, 2017.)

Objective: To evaluate the reliability of endocervical curettage (ECC) in patients previously treated for CIN., Patients and Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from 85 patients between January 1985 and December 2011 who received an ECC during monitoring after treatment of CIN. The reliability of the ECC was evaluated by comparison with the final histological analysis of the surgical specimen or the data for subsequent cyto-colpo-histological follow-up., Results: Patients were referred to colposcopy either within the immediate post-treatment monitoring (n=42), meanly 9.7±5.3 months after treatment, or if cytological abnormalities were detected during long-term monitoring, meanly 78.6±52.4 months after treatment. Colposcopy was unsatisfactory in 75.3% of patients and normal colposcopic findings were found in 80% of patients. A perfect agreement between the ECC and the endocervical final diagnosis was noted in 68 patients (80%). For the diagnosis of severe cervical lesions (CIN 2+) ECC had a sensitivity of 86.2% (68.3-96.1), a specificity of 94.6% (85.1-98.9) and positive and negative predictive values of 61.4% (47.6-74.0) and 93% (83.0-98.1), respectively., Conclusion: The high sensitivity and negative predictive value of ECC for the diagnosis of severe post-therapeutic endocervical lesions avoid iterative treatment without increasing the risk of progression of a lesion to cancer., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Background: Based on international and national recommendations, organized breast cancer screening in France raises questions of medical ethics built around the key concepts of individual autonomy and public health policy. Because of the evolving knowledge, professionals and institutions involved in the program must review the ethical values associated with this medical practice., Methods: The ethical aspects of organized breast cancer screening were studied. In response to newly acquired knowledge highlighted by a review of texts governing this practice in France, proposals for changes resulting from reflections of a working group coordinated by the National Cancer Institute are presented., Results: Ethical issues raised by screening must find expression in the general principles of the program's organization: acceptability of screening, efficiency, adverse effects, equity of access, free care…, but also at different stages of the procedure: information delivery, first and second invitations, refusal of further diagnostic investigation…, Conclusion: A better match between breast cancer screening and recently developed knowledge requires optimal information delivery to women targeted by the program as well as a stronger role for the referring healthcare professional., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Military nurses and doctors are on permanent standby to respond to any medical emergency which may arise at sea. This atypical form of practice is part of a specific organisation, in order to provide optimal, high-quality care in the most remote places of the oceans.

Recent unprovoked and symptomatic thrombosis of the left popliteal vein was diagnosed in a 9-year-old girl. Treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin was initiated in association with vitamin K antagonist (INR 2.5), and compressive stockings. Two and a half months later, the ultrasound examination revealed a false aneurysm of the left distal superficial femoral artery. Knee X-rays showed a distal femoral exostosis. MRI clarified the relationship between the false aneurysm and the exostosis. Bone scintigraphy eliminated multiple exostoses. Resection of the false aneurysm associated with end-to-end femoro-popliteal saphenous bypass and exostosectomy in the same operative time were performed. On histopathological examination there was no sign of malignant transformation. Vascular complications of exostoses are infrequent and the association with deep venous thrombosis and false aneurysm is exceptional. This case report illustrates the contribution of knee X-rays to unravel this unusual clinical presentation., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Purpose of the Study: The management of DDH in infants less than one year old is not yet definite. Many ambulant therapeutic methods are described and Pavlik's harness is widely employed. The use of Petit's splints is less well known and we report our experience with 169 cases., Material and Method: Between 1973 and 1991, Petit's splints were used in 112 cases, following abduction cushions in 55 cases and after Pavlik's harness in 2 cases. 103 hips were dislocated but reducible. This permitted progressive abduction of the hips in order to obtain the reduction of the dislocation and to ensure stabilization by retraction of the slack articular capsule., Results: Only 8 dislocations (4,7 per cent) couldn't be reduced by this procedure and necessitated another treatment. Hips were normal after 5 years of follow up in 118 cases and there were 43 residual dysplasias. 6 post reductional avascular necrosis (3,7 per cent) were recorded as a complication of this method among which only one was a serlous from., Discussion: This ambulatory method for treatment of congenital hip dislocation seems to be forsaken by many authors. Nevertheless its effectiveness has been demonstrated with a complication rate lower than with Pavlik's harness procedure.