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Il ne fait aucun doute que Storia della colonna infame constitue le point de départ pour écrire Morte dell’inquisitore et La strega e il capitano. Au cœur de ces deux textes prenant appui sur une transcription essentiellement fidèle du matériel de l’époque, Sciascia place deux thèmes chers à Manzoni lui-même : à savoir, la quête de la vérité et la justice de l’homme. Incapable d’être juste, la justice humaine finit par être mal gérée par les gens de justice qui sont prêts à tout, même à infliger la torture et à condamner à mort sommairement pour qu’un coupable soit trouvé.Et pourtant, c’est Il Consiglio d’Egitto de Sciascia qui pourrait être considéré comme une sorte de relecture de I Promessi Sposi. Voilà la thèse qu’il faut démontrer.Il s’agit, certes, d’une manière poussée à l’extrême de « repenser l’œuvre » à l’égard des formes et des techniques narratives – pensons au narrateur omniscient qui se fait de plus en plus envahissant ou aux personnages susceptibles d’être tous – ou presque – documentés d’un point de vue historique et auxquels Sciascia ne prête qu’une voix. Il est possible d’y retrouver la relation ambiguë entre opprimés et oppresseurs que Manzoni déploie dès les toutes premières pages de son roman.Il serait également possible de montrer que le roman de Manzoni n’arrive à sa véritable conclusion – mutatis mutandis – que grâce à un “autre” prêtre, l’abbé Giuseppe Vella : une espèce de Don Abbondio repenti qui sera à même, au fil du temps, de prendre conscience des « impostures » de l’Histoire – il a lui-même essayé d’en monter une. Il s’agit d’un personnage qui est aussi capable, face aux tortures infligées à Paolo Di Blasi, d’appréhender le sens profond des mots justice et vérité, si chers à Manzoni. Il est certain que, dans le roman de Sciascia, l’aspect religieux semble s’éclipser, ou bien que la religion devient entièrement « laïque », « civile » et « illuministe » : le même Illuminisme que Manzoni et son grand-père, Cesare Beccaria. Ce dernier, après tout, est évoqué à plusieurs reprises même par l’abbé Vella dans Le Conseil d'Égypte. Il s’agit d’une religion laïque, civile et illuministe dont Paolo Di Blasi est le « prêcheur » le plus authentique et exemplaire.

Abstract Background To enhance and extend the knowledge about the global historical and phylogenetic relationships between Merino and Merino-derived breeds, 19 populations were genotyped with the OvineSNP50 BeadChip specifically for this study, while an additional 23 populations from the publicly available genotypes were retrieved. Three complementary statistical tests, Rsb (extended haplotype homozygosity between-populations), XP-EHH (cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity), and runs of homozygosity (ROH) islands were applied to identify genomic variants with potential impact on the adaptability of Merino genetic type in two contrasting climate zones. Results The results indicate that a large part of the Merino’s genetic relatedness and admixture patterns are explained by their genetic background and/or geographic origin, followed by local admixture. Multi-dimensional scaling, Neighbor-Net, Admixture, and TREEMIX analyses consistently provided evidence of the role of Australian, Rambouillet and German strains in the extensive gene introgression into the other Merino and Merino-derived breeds. The close relationship between Iberian Merinos and other South-western European breeds is consistent with the Iberian origin of the Merino genetic type, with traces from previous contributions of other Mediterranean stocks. Using Rsb and XP-EHH approaches, signatures of selection were detected spanning four genomic regions located on Ovis aries chromosomes (OAR) 1, 6 and 16, whereas two genomic regions on OAR6, that partially overlapped with the previous ones, were highlighted by ROH islands. Overall, the three approaches identified 106 candidate genes putatively under selection. Among them, genes related to immune response were identified via the gene interaction network. In addition, several candidate genes were found, such as LEKR1, LCORL, GHR, RBPJ, BMPR1B, PPARGC1A, and PRKAA1, related to morphological, growth and reproductive traits, adaptive thermogenesis, and hypoxia responses. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive dataset that includes most of the Merino and Merino-derived sheep breeds raised in different regions of the world. The results provide an in-depth picture of the genetic makeup of the current Merino and Merino-derived breeds, highlighting the possible selection pressures associated with the combined effect of anthropic and environmental factors. The study underlines the importance of Merino genetic types as invaluable resources of possible adaptive diversity in the context of the occurring climate changes.

This paper moves from the idea that cities represent a central “battlefield” for today’s environmental challenges. Climate change, in particular, poses significative threats for urban landscapes and communities living in urban space. On the one hand, today’s challenges have significant continuities with classical urban issues: cities have always been space of conflicts, contradictions, inequalities. Environmental issues represent one of the many stressors of urban dynamics; conflicts on the locations of polluting sites, for example, have developed over the last fifty years, intertwined with segregation and discrimination processes. On the other hand, the central role of the environment in current policies, framed as “sustainability policies”, need a specific, renewed and stronger focus on urban inequalities, that can significantly benefit from new analytical tools, such as Big data. The first paragraph give a short perspective on environmental justice history and main topics, focusing in particular on its lasting interest for spatial inequalities and discrimination processes. The second paragraph underlines how, within the context of climate change, such perspective proves to be still useful, permitting to deepen our understandings of vulnerabilities and recovery processes in the aftermath of disasters, or resilience planning’s failures. The third and last paragraph illustrates how new analytical tools, such as Big Data or ecometrics, can be used to inform local policies and strengthen cooperation between activists, citizen, administrators and academics in tackling inequalities within the urban fabric.

Abstract Background In this work, our aim was to generate a map of the copy number variations (CNV) segregating in a population of Murciano-Granadina goats, the most important dairy breed in Spain, and to ascertain the main biological functions of the genes that map to copy number variable regions. Results Using a dataset that comprised 1036 Murciano-Granadina goats genotyped with the Goat SNP50 BeadChip, we were able to detect 4617 and 7750 autosomal CNV with the PennCNV and QuantiSNP software, respectively. By applying the EnsembleCNV algorithm, these CNV were assembled into 1461 CNV regions (CNVR), of which 486 (33.3% of the total CNVR count) were consistently called by PennCNV and QuantiSNP and used in subsequent analyses. In this set of 486 CNVR, we identified 78 gain, 353 loss and 55 gain/loss events. The total length of all the CNVR (95.69 Mb) represented 3.9% of the goat autosomal genome (2466.19 Mb), whereas their size ranged from 2.0 kb to 11.1 Mb, with an average size of 196.89 kb. Functional annotation of the genes that overlapped with the CNVR revealed an enrichment of pathways related with olfactory transduction (fold-enrichment = 2.33, q-value = 1.61 × 10−10), ABC transporters (fold-enrichment = 5.27, q-value = 4.27 × 10−04) and bile secretion (fold-enrichment = 3.90, q-value = 5.70 × 10−03). Conclusions A previous study reported that the average number of CNVR per goat breed was ~ 20 (978 CNVR/50 breeds), which is much smaller than the number we found here (486 CNVR). We attribute this difference to the fact that the previous study included multiple caprine breeds that were represented by small to moderate numbers of individuals. Given the low frequencies of CNV (in our study, the average frequency of CNV is 1.44%), such a design would probably underestimate the levels of the diversity of CNV at the within-breed level. We also observed that functions related with sensory perception, metabolism and embryo development are overrepresented in the set of genes that overlapped with CNV, and that these loci often belong to large multigene families with tens, hundreds or thousands of paralogous members, a feature that could favor the occurrence of duplications or deletions by non-allelic homologous recombination.

Este artigo busca promover uma articulação entre os campos dos estudos literários e editoriais a partir das contribuições do notável bibliógrafo neozelandês D. F. McKenzie, que ao conceber a noção de sociologia dos textos funda um importante entendimento sobre a influência capital que os aspectos materiais, históricos e sociais do texto têm na sua conformação semântica e na sua transmissão ao longo do tempo e do espaço. A partir daí, busca-se demonstrar a relevância da instância editorial – que é parte dessa cadeia sociológica – para os estudos literários perpassando quatro pontos: primeiramente, apresenta-se o projeto bibliográfico da primeira tradução brasileira de O avarento, de Molière, que é seguido de uma exposição crítica sobre a teoria de McKenzie, de um panorama conceitual sobre a edição e, finalmente, de um estudo de caso sobre as circunstâncias editoriais que envolveram a publicação original do romance 2666 (Barcelona: Anagrama, 2004), do escritor chileno Roberto Bolaño.

The theme of contemporary slavery is necessarily linked to the history of slavery, especially as a part of former colonialist countries’ past (and identity). It is therefore particularly relevant to consider how public memory represents "historical" slavery through moments of commemoration, speeches, books, monuments and museums. This article proposes a brief analysis of how the museums dedicated to the themes of slavery and slave trade in metropolitan France treat the subjects of slavery and slave trade as a part of the nation’s past.

Plant protection strategies in organic viticulture are based on the application of copper products, which is well known to generate a consistent environmental impact due to the accumulation of copper in soils and its negative effects on edaphic biodiversity. Life Green Grapes is a demonstrative project aiming to improve the sustainability of viticulture throughout the supply chain: from vine nursery to the table. In this paper, we report the main results obtained over three growing seasons (2018-2020) in response to the adoption of a strategy based on a reduced use of copper products in an organic vineyard. Plant protection treatments have been strictly planned according to forecasting models for disease development and fungicides have been partially substituted with products improving plant resistance. Green manure, known for contributing to the health of the vineyard, was also adopted. Results suggest the effectiveness of the “Green Grapes” strategy under low downy mildew pressure. Furthermore, no declines in grape quality have been observed; on the contrary, the synergic effect of green manure and substances beneficial to plants improved yield. An overall positive influence on the edaphic biodiversity was also observed.

Les besoins toujours croissants de la population en matière de soins est une réalité encore plus marquée lorsqu’il s’agit de prise en charge des patients atteints de maladies chroniques. L’INSEE [1] met clairement en évidence les difficultés auxquelles sera soumis le système de Santé Français si une réflexion sur les modalités de financement mais également sur la structure de l’offre de soins n’est pas menée dans les meilleurs délais. Dans ce contexte de nécessaire évolution du système, il semble important que les acteurs de terrain puissent également apporter des éléments objectifs permettant d’alimenter une réflexion collective. Cette note concerne la prise en charge des patients atteints de maladie rénale chronique. Elle a vocation à apporter des informations issues de l’expertise de professionnels du secteur destinées à objectiver quelques propositions détaillées dans sa dernière partie.

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Le modèle doit évoluer pour répondre aux besoins croissants de la population. Toutefois, il semble essentiel de tenir compte dans cette réflexion de l’équilibre fragile, mais historique sur lequel repose la prise en charge des patients dialysés à domicile. Toute décision visant à remettre en question la complémentarité des protagonistes autour du patient mérite une mûre réflexion car les conséquences directes et indirectes semblent difficiles à appréhender. La dialyse à domicile se développera en France, si et seulement si, tout est mis en œuvre pour lever les freins identifiés par les spécialistes de la question. Les raisons pour ne pas agir sont nombreuses, qu’elles soient d’ordre structurel, logistique, financier ou médical, les leviers d’action ne pourront être mis en œuvre que si les équipes médico-soignantes sont convaincues et accompagnées dans leur démarche. Les moyens nécessaires à cette ambition ne pourront être déployés que si les associations se fédèrent afin d’atteindre la taille critique leur permettant de se ré-investir dans le modèle. Enfin, cette dynamique trouve tout son sens si les différentes prises en charge au domicile dont peut bénéficier un patient atteint de maladie rénale sont coordonnées.

The figure of the Apostle Paul is present in all three parts of The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri. This study aims to verify the congruence of the portrait of Dante with the data of the Pauline tradition (Letters, Acts, apocryphal documents) and explore the rhetorical-narrative function entrusted by the Poet to the Apostle, described as the one who brings to human being the solace of faith, as the champion of eloquence, as the witness of heroic fidelity to the gospel.L’Apôtre Paul il est présenté dans les trois parties de la Divine Comédie de Dante. Cette étude vise à vérifier la cohérence du portrait de Dante avec les données provenantes de la tradition Pauline (Lettres, Actes, documents apocryphes) et sonder la fonction rhétorique-narrative que le poète confie à l’Apôtre, décrit comme celui qui donne aux hommes la consolation la foi, l’échantillon de l’éloquence, le témoin de fidélité héroïque à l’Évangile.Il presente studio analizza i riferimenti alla persona dell’apostolo Paolo allo scopo di verificare la congruenza del ritratto paolino offerto da Dante con i dati tradizionali a nostra disposizione (Lettere paoline, Atti degli Apostoli, documenti apocrifi) e la funzione retorico-narrativa che il Poeta affida alla figura paolina nel suo poema.

Advanced solar cells are moving to ever thinner formats in order to save mass and in some cases improve performance. As cells are thinned, the possibility that they may fracture or cleave due to mechanical stresses is increased. Fractures of the cell can degrade the overall device performance if the fracture propagates through the contact metallization, which frequently occurs. To address this problem, a novel semiconductor metallization system based on multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforcement, termed metal matrix composite (MMC) metallization is under investigation. Electro-mechanical characterization of MMC films demonstrate their ability to provide electrical conductivity over >40 micron wide cracks in the underlying semiconductor, with the carbon nanotubes bridging the gap. In addition, these materials show a “self-healing” behaviour, electrically reconnecting at ~30 microns when strained past failure. Triple junction (TJ) space cells with MMC metallization demonstrated no loss in Jsc after intentional fracture, whereas TJ cells with conventional metallization suffer up to 50% Jsc loss.