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Desde la época en que emerge la problemática ambiental contemporánea, esta ha devenido en objeto de análisis e intervención tanto para la ecología (área de la biología) como para distintos organismos intergubernamentales de alcance mundial. En ambos ámbitos se han desarrollado una serie de marcos conceptuales dirigidos al abordaje de los cambios ecológicos, es decir, aquellas alteraciones que recaen sobre unidades que son objeto de estudio de la ecología. El objetivo de este trabajo es clarificar y contrastar los modos en que la ecología del disturbio (un reciente campo dentro de la ecología) y diferentes organismos intergubernamentales conceptualizan y abordan el cambio ecológico. Para ello, efectuamos una comparación analítica entre el concepto de ‘disturbio’ de la ecología y la noción de ‘driver’ proveniente de los organismos intergubernamentales. En la comparación, observamos que dichos conceptos buscan explicar procesos similares de cambio ecológico bajo una misma lógica causal, aunque manifiestan importantes diferencias en el tratamiento de las condiciones iniciales que permiten estudiarlos. Concluimos que la noción de ‘driver’ supone un empobrecimiento epistemológico en relación con el concepto de ‘disturbio’. Finalmente discutimos algunas implicancias de este problema epistemológico, dado que es la noción empobrecida de ‘driver’ la que se impone en el contexto internacional a la hora de explicar un cambio ecológico, materializándose en lineamientos reconocidos por naciones de todo el mundo que trasladan dicho empobrecimiento al terreno de las políticas públicas. Urge revisar en qué medida estamos contribuyendo a la construcción y reproducción de una problemática ambiental empobrecida epistemológicamente.

Body schema: between Paul Schilder and Maurice Merleau-Ponty This article aims to investigate the theme of body schema in Paul Schilder’s work, The Image and appearance of human body, and Merlau-Ponty’s writings of 1940s. The choice of dealing with this topic is motivated by the importance of the notion for the comprehension of the embodied existence, essential field of study in both science and philosophy. Therefore, starting with a brief introduction to the topic and emphasizing the importance of some crucial studies in the development of the concept, the article analyzes subsequently some significant aspects of Schilder’s conception: unity, synesthesia, movement, driving and emotional elements in the structuring of the image. The second part is mainly focused on Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of perception, in order to show how the French philosopher surpasses a mere psychological conception of the schema to reach a phenomenological one.

In the wake of COVID-19, educators are reconsidering not only conventional methods but also those comparatively recent to pedagogy. However, a change in pedagogical strategy can risk being little more than reactive if its philosophical grounding is unvetted. This piece reconsiders the distributed knowledge framework and its potential for writing program administration and writing instruction. The professional communication discipline has used this framework with a frequent result: privileging expertise at the exclusion of other knowledges. This piece chronicles a writing program administrator’s pre-pandemic use of distributed knowledge, and how pandemic surprises led to a revision of the lens. The post-pandemic frame differently addresses the knowledges at play in a learning community. It works to include more students by including more of each student.

This paper describes a multi-criteria tool for the performance comparison of alternative and conventional on board energy systems for maritime sector, both for hotel and propulsion loads, depending on the mission taken into account. The tool, named HELM (Helper for Energy Layouts in Maritime applications), carries out this analysis based on an extended and up-to-date market database of many technologies in terms of power units and suitable fuel storage systems. A wide range of maps has been created, correlating costs, volumes, weights, emissions and fuel environmental hazards with the installed power and the operational hours, given by the user as input. In this work, different maritime vessels typologies are investigated and the choice of the best solution is performed for each one, considering the single evaluation parameters. It is worth noting that the multi-criteria analysis carried out has a general approach, allowing it to give preliminary information on the energy system, in order to respect new requirements (e.g. more and more stringent normative in terms of pollutant emissions in ports and restricted areas). HELM can be used for many design approaches, either for a new ship project or for already existing ships retrofit; furthermore, the database can be easily extended to other generation and storage technologies.

Embora práticas de ciência aberta tenham sido adotadas em diversos campos do conhecimento ao longo dos anos, em larga medida estão concentradas nem campos como as ciências naturais, exatas e computação. Nas Ciências Humanas a migração para a ciência aberta ainda é incipiente. Neste trabalho, apresentamos Portal multimodal/multilíngue para o Avanço da Ciência Aberta nas Humanidades, apoiado pelo CNPq por meio do Edital 25/2020, destinado a ajudar a preencher essa lacuna. O Portal prevê fornecer uma série de conteúdos relacionados à ciência aberta nas Humanidades, incluindo dados verbais, visuais, verbo-visuais e verbo-gestuais, por meio dos quais possam ser desenvolvidas pesquisas, nacionais e internacionais. O Portal foi concebido em torno de quatro vetores, a saber: acesso aberto, dados abertos, fonte aberta e ciência cidadã / humanidades cidadãs. O trabalho apresenta, em relação a cada um dos vetores, a problemática envolvida bem como as ações pretendidas. Além disso, são apresentados os princípios de design do Portal, visando à sua usabilidade e acesso. O movimento de abertura da ciência exige novas posturas e novas práticas, que o Portal pretende estimular, pois entende que esse movimento é em última análise responsável pela democratização da ciência.

En una lectura inmediata del Persiles, es claro que tiene una temática religiosa muy evidente; se notan con más fuerza las insistentes afirmaciones ortodoxas de fe y la enunciación de los principios tridentinos, que las manifestaciones realmente religiosas. Pero el debate entre ortodoxia obligada y religión sincera en esta obra no ha sido resuelto por la crítica. El mundo religioso de Cervantes en esta novela se presenta constantemente, y con todo detalle. Pero presenta características peculiares, revela contradicciones, y sobre todo se trenza insistentemente con el mundo fantástico y aventurero que guía la novela.

Chez les renouées asiatiques (complexe Reynoutria), l’eau des rivières est un des principaux vecteurs naturels de dispersion des propagules sexuées (akènes ailés) et végétatives (fragments de tiges et de rhizomes). Les auteurs de cet article ont étudié la flottaison et la viabilité de ces trois types de propagules en conditions expérimentales pour différentes taches de renouées. De leurs études, il en ressort une grande variabilité entre les taches pour un grand nombre de traits impliqués dans la dispersion par le cours d’eau et la colonisation des berges.

PEM Fuel Cells are considered among the most promising technologies for hydrogen utilization in both stationary and automotive applications. The number of FC installations on board ships – alone or in hybrid configuration with batteries – is increasing significantly, although international regulations that drive their installation are still missing. In this scenario, the project TecBia aims to identify a dedicated test protocol and the best commercial PEMFC technology for marine applications, assessing the integration of a 140 kW PEMFC system on the Zero Emission Ultimate Ship (ZEUS) vessel. The system design and technology provider has been chosen after a technical comparison based on a dedicated experimental campaign. The experimental campaign had two goals: (i) analyse the performance of the different PEMFC systems to define the best characteristics for maritime applications; (ii) verify the compliance with naval requirements with reference to current and future standards. The present study shows the resulting test protocol for FC Systems (FCS) for maritime applications, defined starting from the existing international regulations on FCS installations and on naval environment requirements; the results of its application on the commercial system chosen for the installation on ZEUS are reported.

Abstract | This essay investigates the collaboration between McLuhan and the Romanian born Canadian artist, Sorel Etrog. In 1975, Etrog’s movie Spiral was shown at the Centre for Culture and Technology, established by McLuhan at the University of Toronto. Following that event, McLuhan suggested that Etrog select “stills from the film so that he could provide an annotation to those images – a free form text of quotations from various writers – as well as a commentary”. Thanks to another great protagonist of the Canadian cultural scene, Barry Callaghan, that idea became a tangible object a few years after McLuhan had passed away: Spiral. Images from the film. Text by Marshall McLuhan, was in fact published in 1987 by Exile Editions in Toronto. Today, it remains as a memento of an original artistic encounter. It also remains as a tool to reconsider our environment through poetry and images, as words and still-shots are cast to pose an intellectual challenge to an increasingly materialistic society. As a book, Spiral is conceived to make ideas on media and society resonate through a witty juxtaposition of images from the film and literary quotations from a broad Western tradition that encourages readers to navigate the ongoing profound cultural shift. Known but not often investigated when discussing McLuhan’s artistic associations, the collaboration between Etrog and McLuhan ought to be delved into for different reasons. It is, in fact, strategic to appreciate how McLuhan has acted as a facilitator of a renewed 20th century inter-art dialogue. Then, it helps to consider the conscious shift from modernist avant-garde to new avant-gardes and art forms of the 1970s in relation to McLuhan’s environmental explorations. Finally, it also pays homage to an artist that deserves to be remembered as one of the most original voices of the Canadian artistic renaissance. Résumé | Cet essai étudie la collaboration entre McLuhan et l’artiste canadien d’origine roumaine, Sorel Etrog. En 1975, le film Spiral d’Etrog a été présenté au Centre for Culture and Technology, créé par McLuhan à l’Université de Toronto. En réponse à cet événement, McLuhan a suggéré qu’Etrog sélectionne « des images du film pour qu’il puisse leur fournir une annotation – un texte libre de citations de divers auteurs – ainsi qu’un commentaire ». Grâce à un autre grand protagoniste de la scène culturelle canadienne, Barry Callaghan, cette idée devint un objet tangible quelques années après la mort de McLuhan : Spiral. Images from the film. Text by Marshall McLuhan fut publié en 1987 par Exile Editions à Toronto. Aujourd’hui, il demeure un souvenir d’une rencontre artistique originale. Il demeure également un outil pour reconsidérer notre environnement à travers la poésie et les images, alors que les mots et les images fixes sont jetés pour poser un défi intellectuel à une société de plus en plus matérialiste. Comme livre, Spiral est conçu pour faire résonner des idées sur les médias et la société par une juxtaposition spirituelle d’images du film et des citations littéraires d’une large tradition occidentale qui encourage les lecteurs à naviguer dans le profond changement culturel en cours. Connue, mais rarement étudiée lors des discussions sur les associations artistiques de McLuhan, la collaboration entre Etrog et McLuhan devrait être explorée pour différentes raisons. Il est, en fait, stratégique d’apprécier comment McLuhan a agi en tant que facilitateur d’un dialogue interartistique du 20e siècle renouvelé. Ensuite, il est utile de considérer le passage conscient de l’avant-garde moderniste à de nouvelles formes avant-gardistes et artistiques des années 1970 en relation avec les explorations environnementales de McLuhan. Enfin, cela rend également hommage à un artiste qui mérite qu’on se souvienne de lui comme l’une des voix les plus originales de la renaissance artistique canadienne.

Chez les renouées asiatiques (complexe Reynoutria), l'eau des rivières est un des principaux vecteurs naturels de dispersion des propagules sexuées (akènes ailés) et végétatives (fragments de tiges et de rhizomes). Les auteurs de cet article ont étudié la flottaison et la viabilité de ces trois types de propagules en conditions expérimentales pour différentes taches de renouées. De leurs études, il en ressort une grande variabilité entre les taches pour un grand nombre de traits impliqués dans la dispersion par le cours d'eau et la colonisation des berges.

[Genovesi as a reader of Vico: between History of the Nations and New Anthropology]. This article aims to analyse the use by Antonio Genovesi of some themes and categories taken from G. Vico’s philosophy of history, which he incorporated also through a rereading of Lucretius’ De rerum natura and discussed in the complex framework of the European philosophy of Enlightenment. This let emerge the background in which Genovesi elaborates his own theory of civil progress, based on a modern anthropology, shaping perspectives which, in Naples, represent a starting point for the subsequent intellectual development.

La peste ha sido descrita por diferentes escritores en el transcurso de los siglos, entendida como catástrofes de plúrimas consecuencias: no última la regeneración de la sociedad. Tucídides en época clásica, Boccaccio en la Edad Media, Manzoni en época romántica y finalmente Camus en época contemporánea dedican sus obras maestras a la descripción de la plaga y a sus consecuencias.

This article is a review of European policies towards the fight against terrorism and cyber-terrorism that has been operating since 2001, the year of the win Tower's attack in New York. Its aim is to identify changes occurred after the major terrorist attacks of the beginning of this century (Madrid in 2004, London in 2005, Oslo and Utøya in 2011, Toulouse and Montauban in 2012, Boston in 2013). Starting from the international academic debate about the definition of terrorism and cyber-terrorism, the article highlights the current traits of this phenomenon, with an interest towards the massive effects of its technological evolution. The new distinguishing marks of terrorism, different from the past, have imposed the development of new strategies at national and international levels in order to fight against it. Afterwards, the article focuses on Italian and European policies, underlying the problems regarding the delicate balance between security needs and protection of basic freedoms and democracy.

Climate change is driving the introduction of strict emission limits in the shipping sector favoring the introduction of alternative fuels, among which hydrogen. While the storage energy density of this energy vector is a key challenge that makes way to a variety of different solutions, from fossil fuel reformers to sodium borohydride systems, fuel cell systems are generally considered among the future ideal energy converters. Nevertheless very few fuel cell marine applications are available worldwide, none of them is related to a ship application, mainly because of the high power requirements. Fuel cells are relatively new in the shipping sector, up to now no civil industrial system has been commercialized yet while military applications rely only on the U212 submarine of the Italian and German Navy. The lack of favorable niche markets coupled with the strong conservative and traditional design principles held back the investment for optimized marine systems. For this reason, present and past projects made use of conveniently adapted automotive technologies into pilot demos, with particular focus on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). However, ships requirements are largely different from automotive ones, not only for the power size that are in the range of MWs instead of kWs. On the other side, in order to take advantage of large scale production as well as of the modularity of fuel cell technology, the integrations of automotive or stationary based fuel cell subsystems, already available on the market, inside a dedicate modular marine system seems to be the solution pursued by many shipbuilders and contemplated by regulatory authorities. In hybrid system configurations, fuel cells are considered in combinations with batteries, another important technology under development, in order to take advantage of the superior energy performances of fuel cell systems and the highly power discharge dynamics of batteries. The need of fuel cell power systems for ships is pushing towards the creation of knowledge that requires laboratories able to challenge the abovementioned issues in order to give answers to shipbuilders and at a lower level also to rule makers.

This paper aims to develop a tool for the performances comparison of innovative energy systems on board ships, both for concentrated and distributed generation applications. In the first part of the study, the tool database has been developed throughout a wide analysis of the available market solutions in terms of energy generation devices (i.e. fuel cells, internal combustion engines, micro gas turbines), fuels (hydrogen, natural gas, diesel) and related storage technologies. Many of these data have been collected also thanks to the laboratory experience of the authors’ research group on different innovative energy systems. From the database, a wide range of maps has been created, correlating costs, volumes, weights and emissions with the installed power and the operational hours required, given by the user as input. The tool highlights the best solution according to the different relevance chosen by the user for each key parameter (i.e. costs, volumes, emissions). In the second part, two different case studies are presented in order to underline how the installed power, the different ship typology and the user requirements affect the choice of the best solution. It is worth noting that the methodology has a general value, as the tool can be applied to both the design of new ships, and to the retrofit of already existing ships in order to respect new requirements (e.g. more and more stringent normative in terms of pollutant emissions in ports and restricted areas). Furthermore, the database can be easily extended to other generation and storage technologies.

Storytelling is old, but in our digital age its means are new. When an event of huge cultural significance occurs (such as the sinking of the Costa Concordia, the “Occupy Wall Street” Protest, or the coming of Boat-People to Europe) stories ricochet from TV to Internet, from cell phone to text message with a speed and proliferation unknown even a decade ago. We need new and effective ways to understand the making of cultural processes in a multi-media environment in order to learn and develop strategies to make sense of cultural shifts in a reduced and very limited span of time. My essay draws on research in both Memory Studies, Literary Studies and Media Ecology to open up the study of storytelling to old and new media psycho-dynamics so to start to develop a methodology of investigation that will facilitate a deeper understanding of the role of multimedia storytelling in the ways in which both individuals and groups cognitively and emotionally navigate profound cultural shift, as well as in the ways in which they create and preserve their memories through time and technological change.

Polymer-matrix composites containing conductive nanoparticles are a potential means for achieving an appealing combination of multifunctional properties for their use as structural parts in the aerospace field. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have been being looked forward to as the next generation of new and avant-garde aircraft structures because they are exceptionally coveted competitor materials to replace traditional metal components for lightning strike protection. In this regard, nanocomposites at low concentration of CNFs ranging from 0.05% up to 2% by wt to impart electron conduction in tetrafunctional epoxy resin have been prepared and characterized. The aim of this work concerns the use of Tunneling AFM (TUNA) as revolutionary tool able to correlate the electrical current map with the correspondent local morphology of CNF/resins. TUNA technique has proven to play a leading role in the identification of current paths and electrical interconnections, even without altering the morphology with usual treatments employed to create electrical contacts to the ground. Summing up, the good electrical performance together with the high mechanical properties due to a conductive cross-linked network of CNFs inside the resin demonstrate a charming applicative potential for the formulated nanocomposites as structural materials capable to provide a safe conductive path on the exterior skin, preventing serious damage to the aircraft.

Epoxy nanocomposites fulfill tight and compelling industrial requirements in the field of structural material for aeronautical applications. In this paper the development and characterization of nanocomposites obtained by filling tetrafunctional epoxy resin (tetraglycidyl methylene dianiline cured with the aromatic diamine 4,4’-diaminodiphenylsulfone, named T20BD) with carbon nanofibers (CNF) is discussed. A filler amount ranging from 0.05% to 2%wt is considered. The DC volume conductivity and the dielectric characteristics (ϵ’) of the nanocomposites in the frequency range 100Hz-1MHz are analyzed and compared with those of the pure resin. Atomic force microscopy, mapping the local topography by means of tunneling effect, is used for recording the electrical percolation path for nanocomposites. In particular, the case 1.3wt% of CNF filled nanocomposites that exhibits a stable behavior of the conductivity in the full investigated frequency range, is here reported. The developed filled epoxy used in carbon fiber reinforced composites, shows enhanced electrical properties leading to better electromagnetic (EM) performances in EM coatings, EM shields and filters or radar absorber materials (RAMs).

La presente conferencia fue pronunciada en el coloquio “Pluralidad de Lenguas-Culturas”, dos jornadas consagradas a la reflexión sobre la importancia de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de diferentes lenguas y de sus implicaciones culturales. El estudio de las lenguas que existen —y también de aquellas que han muerto— nos permite entrar en el camino de la alteridad y de la diversidad, e incluso enriquecer nuestra visión del mundo puesto que también su configuración lingüística es el reflejo de una manera de pensar y de un contexto cultural determinado. Es momento de celebrar la pluralidad y de comprender que el interés cultural por la diversidad de lenguas es, al final, lo que prologa su existencia.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo puntualizar y enriquecer el estudio estilístico que existe alrededor de la obra del poeta Luis de Góngora. La metáfora perteneciente al barroco ha sido estudiada por diversos críticos y en diversos poetas; sin embargo, es bastante claro que el estilo de Góngora supera al de muchos de su época. Así pues, nos dedicamos a explorar en qué consiste dicha excelencia y, de manera más precisa, a analizar de qué forma la metáfora no sólo “traslada imágenes” sino que también vitaliza y atribuye acciones y sentires humanos a la naturaleza que rodea a los protagonistas de lo narrado.

Marshall McLuhan è conosciuto soprattutto come studioso dei media, ora recuperato anche nell’ambito degli studi letterari che indagano il divenire di nuove forme di narrazione ‘digitale’. Questo contributo intende, però, recuperare Marshall McLuhan e la sua scrittura a mosaico come ‘soggetti letterari’, suggerendo come le radici della comunicazione del critico canadese (e, di conseguenza, di tutte le sue esplorazioni nel campo dei media e della tecnologia) risiedano nel suo essere stato, prima di tutto, Professore di Letteratura. La formazione umanistica tradizionale acquisita negli anni Trenta del secolo scorso durante il dottorato all’Università di Cambridge, UK, è il terreno sul quale McLuhan innesta le sperimentazioni degli autori modernisti a lui cari: Joyce, Pound, Lewis, Eliot, Ford suggeriranno a McLuhan nuove euristiche capaci anche di illuminare sui nuovi processi culturali a lui coevi. Il ‘mosaico’ di McLuhan si configura così come scrittura ‘digitale’ ante litteram, suscitando l’interesse di autori e artisti delle nuove avanguardie di metà secolo: da Harley Parker, a Wilfred Watson, a Sorel Etrog. La forma interattiva e performativa della scrittura mcluhaniana, sviluppata a partire da sonde verbali paratattiche, sollecita una partecipazione attiva del lettore attraverso dinamiche multisensoriali e sinestetiche. Recuperare McLuhan e il suo ‘mosaico’ quali soggetti letterari aiuta a cogliere il potenziale che la ricerca umanistica può e deve continuare ad avere in epoca di grandi trasformazioni tecnologiche e sociali.

Assessment of existing structures by means of non-destructive techniques is an important research topic in modern engineering, because of its potential in estimating structural health status without introducing undesired damage. Among several recognized techniques, Acoustic Emission (AE) analysis is growing interest in the scientific community, since it can be used to detect the initiation of cracking processes, to determine cracking typology and to extract other information from the specimen. In this paper, the authors present the results of a four-point bending test on a Reinforce Concrete (RC) beam, performed at the University of Salerno. The test has been conducted according to a loading protocol characterised by several loading-unloading cycles, and both mechanical and acoustic data have been recorded. The results will be presented in terms of standard AE parameters, commonly adopted in literature, such as Felicity ratio, signal strength and cumulative signal strength, historic index and b value. It will be underlined that these parameters allow to detect interesting moments of the phenomenon (cracking onset and development) and to assess the damage of the structure.

Ernesto Ragazzoni ha sido el primer traductor e introductor de Edgar Allan Poe en Italia. Poeta sin fe en sí mismo, concentró en las traducciones de trece poemas del bostoniano toda su extraordinaria capacidad musical y su aguda sensibilidad. Sus traducciones se examinan en fidelidades y licencias, como un ejemplo excepcional de lo que puede ser el caso de un poeta que revive poéticamente a otro poeta.