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Gas reservoirs are mainly produced by depletion with an aquifer rise; reservoir simulation requires two main SCAL inputs: the amount of trapped gas by the aquifer (residual gas saturation: Sgr) and the relative permeability to water due to aquifer flooding. As it is quasi impossible to predict aquifer strength, the primary SCAL input for reservoir simulation is the Sgr. The recovery factor is directly defined by initial and residual gas saturations. In fact, the residual gas saturation Sgr highly depends on the initial gas saturation Sgi and there is no universal petrophysical parameter governing the shape of this curve. This relationship can be described by several different models (Land, Aissaoui…). While Land’s model is widely used, the Aissaoui model better fits the experimental results (Suzanne et al. 2003), at least for homogeneous sandstones. For a given threshold of initial gas saturation Sg0, this relationship typically exhibits a plateau at high Sgi>Sg0 and an increasing linear trend at low Sgi

Introduction: L’amélioration de la qualité du service rendu au patient anesthésié passe par une surveillance régulière des sites sensibles aux contaminations bactériennes. Matériel et méthode: Nous avons colligé rétrospectivement 136 prélèvements bactériologiques, réalisés entre le 14 mars 2000 et octobre 2007, en différents points du matériel d’anesthésie de la salle de surveillance post-interventionnelle (SSPI) du bloc central. Les prélèvements de surface étaient réalisés par la méthode des empreintes sur boîte Count-Tact de 25 cm2 à l’aide de l’applicateur Count-Tact de Biomérieux. Après dénombrement de la flore totale et identification de la flore pathogène, les résultats étaient exprimés en UFC/25 cm2 (UFC : unité formant une colonie). Les prélèvements étaient effectués entre 5 et 7 h, après le nettoyage, avant la préparation des salles. Les prélèvements étaient réalisés par le cadre hygiéniste et les résultats validés par le bactériologiste. Une valeur inférieure ou égale à 10 UFC/25 cm2 était retenue comme satisfaisante. Résultats: Nous n’avons obtenu qu’un taux global de 47 % de prélèvements satisfaisants. Certains étaient très inquiétants (paillasse située à côté des points d’eau) avec seulement 35 % de prélèvements satisfaisants. D’autres incitaient à une grande vigilance (passe-malades, clavier et tablette de scope, électrodes à ECG) avec seulement 40 % de résultats corrects. Certains points étaient améliorés par une sensibilisation du personnel de SSPI. Un audit sur l’ensemble des SSPI de l’établissement a été entrepris sous l’égide du CLIN de l’établissement. Conclusion: L’amélioration sera poursuivie par le rendu de l’audit, mais surtout par la prise de conscience de chaque équipe de son rôle dans la prévention des infections nosocomiales en SSPI. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objectives: In order to evaluate the impact of recent progress in anesthesia and cataract surgery, we conducted a national survey in France to determine which techniques are used., Methods: A questionnaire was sent to the most representative French ophthalmology teams: 66 teams participated in the survey., Results: Seventy-one percent of the surgeons routinely used phacoemulsification: 91% of the anesthesists prefer locoregional anesthesia: contraindications most often involved general health status (89%). Ambulatory anesthesia was preferred by 16.7% of the teams., Conclusion: Phacoemulsification under peribulbal anesthesia is currently the technique most frequently used in cataract surgery in France. Ambulatory anesthesia is not yet widely used for this type of surgery.

One of the treatments for pain in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer is chemical splanchnicectomy by phenol. We report two cases of severe cardiac arrhythmia followed by circulatory arrest, during intraoperative chemical splanchnicectomy. The cardiac toxicity of phenol is known in plastic surgery (face peeling). The reasons for this toxicity are not well known. We recommend that phenol be replaced by alcohol during chemical splanchnicectomy, because of its safety.

Seven ombrelles percutaneous cava filters, now available, are tested on hydraulic testing ground. Measurements are concerned with the blocking function of filters and pressure changes induced in the cava flow and the cava track wall of the testing ground. A statistical analysis of the results (100 measurements per filter) shows homogeneous reactions of each filter when faced with different situations imposed by variations of the testing ground. Greenfield's filter, a reference, is compared with other models. This one and the L.G. filter show satisfactory filtering qualities. Two other filters, Cardial and Vascor, offer a highest filtering power. Other models give poor filtering results.

The essential clamping during carotid artery surgery requires different procedures for cerebral protection. Most surgeons prefer the use of an intra-luminal shunt allowing conservation of a part of the proximal carotid artery. A study was conducted to compare two statistically similar series of 50 patients (with a residual pressure of less than 50 mmHg) treated or not by intra-luminal shunts. Results showed a significant difference with respect to early postoperative neurologic accidents between the groups operated without (8% accidents) and with (0%) shunts. Precise indications for the use of this procedure are discussed in relation to pre- and peri-operative findings, with the aim of reducing the incidence of postoperative neurologic complications.

Clamping of the carotid artery made necessary by surgery of that vessel produces haemodynamic disturbances which may result in a neurological deficit accident at recovery from anaesthesia. Evaluating the patient's tolerance to carotid clamping and using brain protection methods during clamping increase the safety of the operation. The different methods of protection used in France were examined in an enquiry conducted among members of the French college of vascular surgery, with special attention to measurement of residual pressure in the clamped internal carotid artery (performed by 60 p. 100 of surgeons) and its corollary which is intraluminal shunting in case of hypotension. This type of enquiry concerning controverted technical procedures should provide information on the best way of improving surgical results.