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A study of the incorporation of technology in the poetry of Augusto de Campos, from structures and concepts located in the historical vanguards and subsequent movements of formal and esthetic innovation that Augusto incorporated, adapted, exemplified, and transformed in his six decades of poetic production.

By the late 1890s Eça de Queirós had certainly read Machado’s two major novels to date, the Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas (1880-81) and Quincas Borba (1890), after acknowledging Machado’s critiques of Cousin Bazilio, published in O Cruzeiro in April, 1878. A novel form of indirect communication between the two authors can be located in their fiction. In The City and the Mountains (1901) Eça replies indirectly to Machado with a satire of several of Machado’s main themes in the two novels, from the philosophy of “Humanitism” to the useful work of worms.