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Cyclical program reviews (CPRs), also called periodic or academic reviews at institutions of higher education, are undertaken to ensure that academic programs meet a variety of objectives related to teaching and learning, as well as professional credentialing, quality assurance, and institutional requirements. Preparing, reviewing, and implementing a CPR requires significant time and effort for those assigned to this task, especially if the program has never previously been through a CPR. Much has been written on how to undertake a CPR (Bresciani, 2006), what measures are useful in assessing programs (Jayachandran et al., 2019), and some of the problems that external reviewers encounter with CPRs (Halonen & Dunn, 2017). This article, however, provides new insights concerning important considerations that should be addressed when preparing to undertake a CPR—from the perspectives of both administrators and faculty at smaller institutions where the number of faculty may be small and resources for the CPR process are often limited. Drawing on a case study of CPRs in several social sciences programs and a broader survey of those involved in CPRs from 2015-2020 at a small Western Canadian university, the authors identify key issues in preparing a CPR, such as the timing of the review, the advantages and disadvantages of an individual approach versus a team approach in preparing the CPR, the role of administrators in the CPR process, the importance of institutional templates in preparing the CPR, and the need for clearly identified program learning outcomes to guide the CPR process. This article also examines how a pandemic can impact the CPR process.

In this article, five high gain topologies are derived by reconfiguring the conventional quadratic boost converter. This restructuring is carried out by integrating high gain cells and modifying the topology. The voltage conversion ratio of the topologies is derived using steady-state analysis. Each topology is compared with alike converters in the literature with respect to voltage gain, stresses across the devices and total component count. With this comparative study, the superiority of the suggested topologies is highlighted. Finally, the simulation results of the five topologies are obtained from PSIM software and the results are presented to validate the theoretical results.

Most research studies on Life Satisfaction/Subjective Wellbeing (SWB) have focused on one main determinant and a variety of social demographic variables to delineate the determinants of life satisfaction. However, very few research studies examine life satisfaction from a holistic approach. The aim of this study was to utilize a holistic approach to construct a causal model and identify major determinants of life satisfaction. This study utilized data from the General Social Survey, with a sample size of 19,597. Several multiple regression models were run sequentially to estimate standardized path coefficients for the causal model. Overall, above average satisfaction with life was reported by Canadian respondents. Respondents who were female, younger, married, from high socioeconomic status background, born in Canada, very religious, and demonstrated high level of neighborhood interaction had greater satisfaction with life. Similarly, respondents had greater life satisfaction if they had better health, social contact, leisure activities, more time with family and friends, more enjoyment with volunteer activities, and a greater sense of belonging to the community. Our results suggest that a holistic approach is necessary for understanding the causal process of life satisfaction. A significant number of causal connections contradict some of the findings in literature today. We have provided some possible explanations for these anomalies and policy implications.