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This paper presents the different organisms in charge of press and propaganda in the rebel zone during the Spanish Civil War. The first period (from July 1936 to January 1938) was characterized by the predominance of the military and by the existence of several sources of propaganda. During the second period (from January 1938), the Phalangists were preponderant. The procedures implemented to control information are also exposed, in particular censorship and the official instructions for the press.

This paper studies the figures of the enemy at the beginning of the Spanish postwar period (1939-1945), as they were depicted by the rising Franco regime. Leftists, separatists, Freemasons, and Jews are taken into consideration, and particular attention is paid to the disproportion between the levels of both repression and rhetoric, regarding the persecution they suffered and the discourse that stigmatized them. Surprisingly, the enemies that were actually hit by the bloodiest repression –the “reds”– were not always those who received the worst attacks in propaganda. Finally, an interpretation of the functions played by the enemy’s representation within the Francoist system is proposed.

This paper studies the figures of the enemy at the beginning of the Spanish postwar period (1939-1945), as they were depicted by the rising Franco regime. Leftists, separatists, Freemasons, and Jews are taken into consideration, and particular attention is paid to the disproportion between the levels of both repression and rhetoric, regarding the persecution they suffered and the discourse that stigmatized them. Surprisingly, the enemies that were actually hit by the bloodiest repression –the “reds”– were not always those who received the worst attacks in propaganda. Finally, an interpretation of the functions played by the enemy’s representation within the Francoist system is proposed.