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It is a commonplace in our histories of Greek philosophy that the first thinker to fashion deductive arguments was Parmenides of Elea. One corollary of this view is that Ionian philosophers before Parmenides provided no arguments in support of their views. In what follows I offer a critique of this dismissive characterization, focusing on the first thinker for whom we have a substantial body of evidence, Xenophanes of Colophon. Specifically, Xenophanes argued that retelling the old stories of divine strife and warfare was out of keeping with the qualities of cleanliness and purity considered essential to a proper symposium. He held also that the presence of fossilized remains at inland and mountainous locations was best explained by positing cycles of worldwide flooding and drought, and he linked many other phenomena with the presence of earth and/or water. He also distinguished between having direct perceptual access to events and knowing the clear and sure truth about them, and concluded that about far-off matters such as the gods and the nature of all things no man can know the certain truth. He held also that a series of contrasts between divine and human attributes followed from an initial assumption of divine greatness.

ABSTRACTIntroduction Graded Motor Imagery (GMI) is a non-invasive and inexpensive therapy used to treat Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) by sequentially activating motor networks in such a way that movement and pain are unpaired. The objective of this systematic review was to critically appraise relevant data on the efficacy of GMI and its components for reducing PLP and disability in amputees.Methods We searched 11 electronic databases for controlled trials investigating GMI and its components in amputees with PLP from inception until February 2023. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted relevant data. Study-level data were entered using the inverse variance function of the Review Manager 5 and pooled with the random effects model.Results Eleven studies with varying risk of bias were eligible. No eligible study considered left/right judgement tasks in isolation. Studies showed no effect for imagined movements, but positive effects were seen for GMI [weighted mean difference: -21.29 (95%CI: -31.55, -11.02), I2= 0%] and mirror therapy [weighted mean difference: -8.55 (95%CI: -14.74, -2.35, I2= 61%]. A comparison of mirror therapy versus sham showed no difference [weighted mean difference: -4.43 (95%CI: -16.03, 7.16), I2= 51%].Conclusion Our findings suggest that GMI and mirror therapy may be effective for reducing PLP. However, this conclusion was drawn from a limited body of evidence, and the certainty of the evidence was very low. Therefore, rigorous, high-quality trials are needed to address the gap in the literature and inform practice.

CliMigHealth and the Education for Sustainable Healthcare (ESH) Special Interest Group of the Southern African Association of Health Educationalists (SAAHE) call for the urgent integration of planetary health (PH) and environmental sustainability into health professions curricula in Africa. Education on PH and sustainable healthcare develops much-needed health worker agency to address the connections between healthcare and PH. Faculties are urged to develop their own ‘net zero’ plans and to advocate for national and sub-national policies and practices that promote the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and PH. National education bodies and health professional societies are urged to incentivise innovation in ESH and to provide discussion forums and resources to support the integration of PH into curricula. Contribution: This article provides a position statement for integrating planetary health and environmental sustainability into African health professions education curricula.

This paper synthesizes theory and research on confirmation bias (CB), curiosity, and news/information literacy education with the goal of understanding how helping students critique their tendency to engage in CB spurs curiosity and critical consciousness about learning. Curiosity about the self is spurred when people realize their CB tendencies. Curiosity about the larger social world is spurred when students learn how CB affects the way they look at the world. A flipped classroom approach reflects the work of Paulo Freire, who argued critical education should be experiential with faculty playing a facilitating, rather than an “expert” role. Cet article présente une synthèse de la théorie et de la recherche sur les préjugés de confirmation, la curiosité et la littératie des nouvelles/des informations avec pour objectif la compréhension de la manière dont on peut aider les étudiants à critiquer leurs tendances à participer pour stimuler la curiosité concernant les préjugés de confirmation et la conscience critique relativement à l’apprentissage. La curiosité à propos de soi est stimulée quand les gens se rendent compte de leurs tendances à avoir des préjugés de confirmation. La curiosité à propos du monde social plus vaste est stimulée lorsque les étudiants apprennent comment les effets des préjugés de confirmation affectent la manière dont ils voient le monde. Une approche basée sur la salle de classe interactive reflète le travail de Paulo Freire, qui estime que l’éducation critique devrait être basée sur une expérience et où les professeurs tiennent un rôle d’animateurs et non pas d’«experts ».

The pace of development for new photovoltaic structures such as the inverted meta-morphic (IMM) IIIV cells, exceeds the pace at which spectrally matched, calibrated, solar cells can be created due to the infrequent opportunities of balloon or space based calibration. As such, laboratories must rely on previous generation AM0 calibrated cells and make appropriate corrections. Equally challenging is measuring the same cells in space without a controlled laboratory environment. It is within this context, the 3rd Forward Technology Solar Cell Experiment (FTSCE III), measured three, four and five junction advanced technology solar cells in space. This report compares the beginning-of-life in-flight measurements with the laboratory measurements made before flight.

Saint Paul, apostle par excellence, tirelessly labored to spread the Gospel, particularly in the Gentile world. His missionary travels and encounter with diverse peoples, cultures, and religions form the matrix or context of his missionary methods. A comprehensive examination of Paul’s writings yields much mission wisdom and insight shaped by his apostolic experience and dynamic faith. This presentation suggests ten “mission principles”-derived from Paul’s profound reflection and “applied” to missionary engagement today.

„Azjatycka" medytacja... dar misji

1 This note is derived from a paper presented to the Portsmouth City Records Office Seminar in March 1993. I am obliged to archivists on both sides of the Atlantic [...]

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