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Abstract Background If not accounted for, genotype x environment (G×E) interactions can decrease the accuracy of genetic evaluations and the efficiency of breeding schemes. These interactions are reflected by genetic correlations between countries lower than 1. In countries that are characterized by a heterogeneity of production systems, they are also likely to exist within country, especially when production systems are diverse, as is the case in South Africa. We illustrate several alternative approaches to assess the existence of G×E interactions for production traits and age at first calving in Holsteins in South Africa. Data from 257,836 first lactation cows were used. First, phenotypes that were collected in different regions were considered as separate traits and various multivariate animal models were fitted to calculate the estimates of heritability for each region and the genetic correlations between them. Second, a random regression approach using long-term averages of climatic variables at the herd level in a reaction norm model, was used as an alternative way to account for G×E interactions. Genetic parameter estimates and goodness-of-fit measures were compared. Results Genetic correlations between regions as low as 0.80 or even lower were found for production traits, which reflect strong G×E interactions within South Africa that can be linked to the production systems (pasture vs total mixed ration). A random regression model including average rainfall during several decades in the herd surroundings gave the best goodness-of-fit for production traits. This can be related to a preference for total mixed ration on farms with limited rainfall. For age at first calving, the best model was based on a random regression on maximum relative humidity and maximum temperature in summer. Conclusions Our results indicate that G×E interactions can be accounted for when genetic evaluations of production traits are performed in South Africa, by either considering production records in different regions as different correlated traits or using a reaction norm model based on herd management characteristics. From a statistical point of view, climatic variables such as average rainfall over a long period can be included in a random regression model as proxies of herd production systems and climate.

Résumé: Le système éducatif burkinabè souffre des conséquences d’une crise sécuritaire exacerbée par la survenue de la Covid-19. Pour contenir cette crise, les autorités ont dû suspendre les activités pédagogiques présentielles. Il était pourtant impératif d’assurer une continuité pédagogique. Ainsi, le ministère a mis en place un dispositif d’enseignement/apprentissage à distance à travers plusieurs canaux de communication, dont la radio. Dans l’urgence, des enseignants en présentiel ont été sélectionnés pour dispenser un enseignement radiophonique sans formation préalable. Cette étude se penche sur la manière dont ils ont surmonté cette phase de transition. L’objectif de l’étude est d’évaluer l’auto-efficacité de ces enseignants pendant l’enseignement radiophonique en situation d‘urgence. Pour mener cette recherche, la théorie de l’autodétermination et la théorie sociale cognitive ont été convoquées. Albert Bandura est le principal précurseur de cette seconde théorie à travers ses réflexions sur le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle. Pour collecter les données, un guide d’entretien et une échelle de mesure de l’auto-efficacité ont été utilisés. Selon les résultats, les enseignants présentateurs étaient dans un état émotionnel positif et capables d’enseigner convenablement à la radio, à travers la préparation de fiches, la présentation de leçons et l’évaluation des notions enseignées. L’expérience vicariante, la persuasion verbale des encadreurs ainsi que certaines variables telles le nombre d’année d’expérience en enseignement classique ou radio ont contribué à booster leur auto-efficacité. Mots-clés : Auto-efficacité, Enseignement radiophonique, Situation d’urgence, Continuité pédagogique, TICE.

En este trabajo, el autor busca describir críticamente de qué manera el filósofo Giuseppe Buroni entiende el concepto de filosofía itálica, que por aquellos años ya había sido cultivado por autores como Mamiani y, sobre todo, por Rosmini. El sello de la filosofía itálica se encuentra plasmado sobre todo en la distinción entre los ámbitos inteligible y sensible, es preciso mantener separados, aunque eventualmente se entrecrucen. De acuerdo con Buroni, esta postura puede rastrearse al menos ya en Parménides, pero aparece “formalizada” sobre todo en la filosofía de Platón, al que se dedica este artículo. Una manera de abordar esta distinción de planos ontológicos resulta ser la distinción gnoseológica entre opinión (δόξα) y ciencia (ἐπιστήμη). Cabe apuntar, por último, que la bibliografía sobre Buroni en los tiempos más recientes es muy escasa, y seguramente esto se debe a que sus obras filosóficas no han sido reeditadas desde su publicación original en el siglo XIX. En la actualidad, sin embargo, quien esto escribe y Samuele F. Tadini cuidamos una edición crítica en italiano y castellano de la obra más importante del filósofo placentino: Dell´essere e del conoscere (Sobre el ser y el conocer). Esta circunstancia explica por qué la bibliografía de este artículo no resulta abundante.

RESUMEN: El artículo busca poner de relieve la importancia que tiene la elección entre la virtud y el vicio, esto es, entre el bien y el mal, entre seguir la Voluntad de Dios y la propia voluntad, de acuerdo con el pensamiento de san Basilio de Cesarea, asumiendo, para ello, una perspectiva filosófica. El artículo busca entresacar las principales líneas argumentativas del santo capadocio, resaltando preeminentemente el concepto de virtud, que es el bien humano genuino, el cual se diferencia del resto de los bienes caducos en cuanto conduce eminentemente a Dios. Es necesario elegir entre dos géneros de vida: el celestial y el terrenal; cierta- mente, el verdadero cristiano se decanta por el primero. En un segundo momento, el artículo explora la importancia que san Basilio otorga a la literatura pagana (lo cual pone de realce, por lo demás, lo significativo que era para él la formación de la juventud), la cual resulta imprescindible en vistas a que los jóvenes se formen en la elección entre la virtud y el vicio PALABRAS CLAVE: San Basilio de Cesarea. Ética clásica. Virtud moral. Literatura Pagana. Paideia Cristiana

En este trabajo, el autor se propone exponer y comentar la metafísica de Numenio de Apamea, filósofo neopitagórico del siglo II d. C. En primer término, estudia la ascensión al Ser, que se sitúa más allá de la esencia, Principio de todo aquello que es. Después revisa los niveles de la divinidad en este autor, que resultan ser tres, que vienen a plasmar tres funciones diversas: los Dioses primero (el Bien en sí), segundo (el Demiurgo) y tercero (el alma del mundo). Se propone aquí que en realidad se trata de dos Dioses, siendo el primero totalmente inactivo y el segundo poseyendo dos funciones. Finalmente, se estudian los argumentos numenianos a favor de la inmortalidad del alma.

The uses of geosynthetics in civil engineering are relatively well-defined according to their functions. There is still, however, an inclination to use traditional methods over geosynthetics. The use of high-strength geogrids is not as widely used as lower-strength geogrids which are commonly applied in civil engineering applications. Zimbali Lakes Resort was a development that required earthworks conducted before the construction of the facilities. The initial construction required high-engineered fills that were designed to reach a height of up to 15m. The excessive load projected instability, and the high-water table necessitated the requirement for control measures. Reinforcement was required to increase the shear strength of the soil before it can support the self-weight of the fill. High-strength geogrids were used to restrict the vertical displacement of the fills by preventing base sliding, controlling differential settlement, and protecting the embankment against internal and global stability failures.

The Post-Quantal Garden is a work of speculative fiction based on J.G. Ballard’s short story “The Terminal Beach” first published in 1964. Set within Donna Haraway’s climate-changed Chthulucene, the work is intended as an elliptical rumination on the history of nuclear testing in the Pacific, bio-hacking, tropicality, and apocalyptic narrative. Moving between historical fact and speculative fiction, the story takes the form of a scholarly introduction to and contextualization of fictional passages from an imaginary journal supposedly found during the very real radiological clean-up of Enewetak Atoll. Enewetak, an atoll in the Marshall Islands group, was used by the US for nuclear testing and was the site of operation Ivy-Mike, the first fusion bomb test, and is the setting for Ballard’s Terminal Beach.

[straipsnis ir santrauka anglų kalba, santrauka lietuvių kalba] Straipsnyje aptariamas naujas mokslinis projektas, kurio tikslas – parengti šimte šalių išleistų Dantės „Dieviškosios komedijos“ (Commedia)vertimų katalogą ir juos išnagrinėti statistiniais ir analitiniais me-todais. Nepaisant to, kad Dantės kūrinys studijuojamas jau 700 metų, vis dar nėra išsamios jo vertimų bibliografijos, o pagrindiniai kritikos darbai apima tik į vadinamąsias didžiąsias kalbas išverstus kūrinius, todėl numatoma užpildyti šią spragą. Teorinis vertimų tyrimas grindžiamas Franco Moretti „nuotolinio skaitymo“ metodu, Davido Damroscho pasaulio literatūros teorija ir Johano Heilbrono pasaulinės ver-timų sistemos teorija. Projekte numatomos trys tyrimų, kuriuos vykdys tyrėjų grupės, kryptys. Pirmoji grupė tirs empi-rinius Commedia vertimų duomenis ir kūrinio paplitimą pasaulyje. Antroji grupė nagrinės formaliuosius Commedia vertimų aspektus, daugiausia dėmesio skirdama vertimuose taikomoms strategijoms, ypač terzarima ir kitoms metrinės eilėdaros rūšims, kad nustatytų vyraujančią eilėdarą vertimuose į pasaulio kalbas. Trečiosios tyrimų krypties tikslas – ištirti, kaip Commedia buvo verčiama cenzūros sąlygomis, fašistiniuose režimuose, teokratinėse ir Rytų bloko šalyse, karinės diktatūros, konstitucinės monarchijos ir komunistinės diktatūros sąlygomis.

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this review was to present an update of the anaesthesic management in patients with right ventricular failure (RVF). Data sources: All references obtained from the medical database Medline® related to the area and more specifically during the last five years were reviewed. Data synthesis: The preanaesthesic visit leads to identify the etiology of RVF, to evaluate the functional reserve of the patient, to plan complementary exams and to inform the patients about the risks associated with the perioperative period. During the peroperative period, the monitoring depends of the severity of the illness; however the invasive monitoring of the systemic blood pressure seems always necessary. Any hemodynamic instability should be avoided during the peri-operative period. Since the risk of death is maximal in the first days after the anaesthesia, the patient is ideally managed in intensive care during this period. Conclusion: Right ventricular failure is often misestimates. However, the perioperative morbidity and mortality of patients with RVF are important. In the perioperative period, the anaesthesiologist should identify patients at risk of right ventricular failure in order to adapt their management. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The developments in mental health care in Belgium over the last few years show that some major steps are already taken towards implementing community oriented care. In Belgium, we are going through a historic moment, as the proposed reform is ambitious but also complex. Indeed we talk here about a comprehensive mental health care reform which brings together federal, regional and community competencies.It aims to transform part of hospital care into community oriented care by e.g. creating mobile teams in the existing community care mechanisms.In the same time we are developing an operational approach to networking focusing on the needs of care users and of their families.In this paper, we will describe the content of the reform, its mechanisms and all care professionals involved. We will also present the progress of the exploratory phase by stressing not only positive aspects that highlight the evolving nature of our approach, but also the difficulties we are facing in implementing it.

Introduction: The placental histological examination is essential in the assessment of stillbirths, especially those of third trimester, which are often of placental origin by chronic placental dysfunction and sometimes by acute dysfunction. The physiopathogenesis of the latter remains obscure., Material and Method: Three stillbirths, one per partum and two after 38 and 39 weeks gestation, caused by acute-placental dysfunction by villous maturation defect were studied. The maternal aetiological investigations and the fetal autopsies were normal. Placentas were pale. Villi were numerous, normal size but fibrous, showing a severely reduced vascularization and a lack of syncytium-capillary membranes., Results: Only one author studied the villous maturation defect. He defines this entity by the same characteristics as that noted in our observations. Its incidence would be of 5.7% and would be associated with fetal death only after the eighth month in 2.3 % of cases, with a risk of recurrence estimated at 10%., Conclusion: This entity, probably underestimated, must be indexed systematically in any late fetal death and any unexplained per partum asphyxia, in order to help the couple overcome a fetal death and to give doctors a medicolegal support.

Iniencephaly is a rare malformation of the base of the skull. The brain is involved and prognosis is almost invariably lethal. Diagnosis is now possible with morphologic ultrasound, and lead to propose induced abortion. We describe a new case report with early prenatal diagnosis that allowed induced abortion at the term of 14 weeks.

Visual disturbances are a common feature of Alhzeimer's disease. They are related primarily to visuo-spatial deficits. The pathways mediating visuo-spatial and form identification are at least partially segregated in the brain. The magnocellular pathway has characteristics which make it more suitable for detecting dynamic form, motion and depth. We assessed by means of psychophysical and electrophysiological testings the properties of the parvo and the magnocellular pathways. We found contrast sensitivity deficits for the low and middle spatial frequencies, a significant reduction of the amplitude of the steady-state pattern VEP's at 16, 20 and 24 Hz, abnormal transient pattern VEP's only for the major positivity (P100) and abnormal flash VEP's (delayed P2) as previously observed. The temporal frequency deficits and other abnormalities pointed out in this study, could be related to a dysfunction of the M-pathways in Alzheimer's disease.

Iniencephaly is a rare malformation of the base of the skull. The brain is involved and prognosis is almost invariably lethal. We identified 202 reports in the literature up through 2000. Ultrasound morphology explorations now provide the diagnosis making it possible to propose pregnancy termination. We report four cases of iniencephaly diagnosed between 1992 and 1999.

Memory complaints are frequent and not always the result of a memory impairment. Such complaints must be taken into account since they always reflect some disorder, at least of attentional processes. Excepting primary psychiatric disorders, biological and imaging exams are required in addition to a neuropsychological and behavioral assessment. Finding the cause of the memory complaints is not an end in itself. The purpose is to cure or at least to relieve the consequences of this and related symptoms with pharmacological, neuropsychological and psychological therapies, social help, information and support. Patients (especially in case of dementia) and families need follow-up care by a multidisciplinary staff (neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, speech therapists, nurses, nurse's aids and social workers) who play a role of prevention for intercurrent diseases, social and legal counselling and help anticipate the future. Multidisciplinary memory units are dedicated to the diagnosis and care of memory complaints and disorders. We describe here the operative function of these centers which should be integrated into a health care network centered around patients with memory complaints and their families.

Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is an entity which now fulfils clinical and neuropathological criteria according to international consensus guidelines (McKeith et al., 1996). It is now possible, in clinical practice, to consider the diagnosis of DLB from the beginning of the management of a demented patient. The clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of DLB are investigated in a prospective manner. Visual hallucinations, fluctuations and extrapyramidal symptoms seem to have, in association with the progressive cognitive decline, some particularities. However their specificity should be correlated with neuropathological data. Other symptoms, such as repeated falls or syncope, neuroleptic sensitivity, systematized delusions or other modalities of hallucinations, are probably additional arguments giving more predictive value to the association of the major symptoms. The role of neuropsychological patterns at the beginning of the cognitive decline is shown. There are some recent concordant results of functional imaging in DLB. The neuropathological aspects of DLB and the links with Parkinson pathology and especially Alzheimer pathology are emphasized.

The authors assessed the surface areas of osteocytic lacunae in non-decalcified bone sections using a histomorphometric method involving a device with an adaptable drawing on the microscope and a graduated sheet. In 7 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism proven surgically and in 8 cases of hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure, there was significant periosteocytic enlargement in comparison with a group of 7 controls. This method involving non-decalcified bone sections makes it possible to use the same slides as for the quantitative study of bone volumes, and osteoid, osteoclastic and fibrous surface areas. It is thus of great interest in the positive histological diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism.