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The transcendental philosophy of I. Kant had a significant influence on subsequent world thought. Not a single independent philosopher could ignore it when constructing his own theory of knowledge. There was a development of the ideas of the great thinker or polemics with them. Russian philosophers were no exception here, whose work to one degree or another reflected the ideas of the great German thinker about transcendental knowledge. This was typical both of his direct followers, Russian neo-Kantians, and of Russian religious philosophers, who were seemingly ideologically distant from him, who conceptualized the theological heritage of Orthodoxy. The article examines the influence of I. Kant’s ideas on one of the Russian thinkers, the famous historian of philosophy V.V. Zenkovsky. Moreover, attention is focused not on his historical and philosophical assessment of Russian neo-Kantianism, but on his use of Kantian ideas in constructing a metaphysical system in which he, according to his own words, “overcame” transcendentalism. Based on the analysis of the theory of knowledge by V.V. Zenkovsky, presented by him in his unfinished systematizing work “Fundamentals of Christian Philosophy,” as well as in some scientific articles, the authors draw the following conclusion. The Russian philosopher, “overcoming” transcendentalism, at the same time, actively used ideas about transcendental knowledge and tried to solve the problem of the epistemological subject in an original way. By transcendentalism he understood, first of all, the unlawful distortion of I. Kant’s ideas by followers. The thinker received, interpreted, and, if necessary, transformed the positive aspects of transcendental philosophy from his point of view.

In modern science, research aimed at studying the functioning of the human brain under the influence of various factors of the social and natural environment, including religious practices, both personal and social, is relevant. The purpose of the research is to consider the current state of neurotheology as a new field of knowledge and to analyze the possibilities of its interaction with already existing social and humanitarian disciplines; review, analytical and critical publications of Russian and foreign scientists are used as material for the study. Attention is drawn to the philosophical and methodological problems that neurotheology needs to be resolved in order to determine its place in the modern cognitive space as its organic component. First of all, according to the authors of the article, representatives of this science need to enrich the formed empirical basis with theoretical generalizations, for which it is necessary to implement the principle of interdisciplinarity declared by them and involve specialists from various fields of humanities in the common work. In the hypotheses put forward by neurotheologists, the question of the ontological existence of objects of religious experience is recognized as epistemologically insoluble, however, when constructing a philosophical and worldview concept, it is impossible to limit oneself to such statements; It is noted that the idea developed in neurotheology about the genetic translation of the qualities of the “brain/consciousness” in the process of “cognitive evolution” of mankind returns us to the social deterministic and mechanistic views overcome by modern science. The hope is expressed that neurotheology, having overcome the emerging philosophical and methodological difficulties, will play an important role in the development of Russian science.

The modern educational space positions pedagogical mentoring as an essential component of the professional development support system for educational practitioners. The article analyzes leading trends in pedagogical education, revealing the role of mentoring as a powerful tool for enhancing teacher training for the 21st century in the context of the development of the innovative educational process in higher education. The research was conducted based on methods of pedagogical observation, self-reflection, comparative analysis of constructive foreign experience (Germany, Finland, France, Czech Republic, Moldova, the United States) and Ukrainian experience in pedagogical mentoring. It involves summarizing the results of surveys and testing of participants in the educational process to determine the decisive role of the creative teacher as a subject of mentoring in the formation of a young teacher of an innovative type. The constructive ideas are characterized by the creative implementation of which will contribute to the self-effectiveness of such a social institution as pedagogical mentoring, strengthening the positive dynamics of the formation of an innovative-type teacher in the face of contemporary challenges. Deepening scientific concepts about the system of pedagogical support for the process of professional development of future teachers in higher education and effective mentoring tools in general education institutions will allow providing education professionals with scientifically grounded recommendations aimed at constructive pedagogical mentoring as a resource for the formation of a modern teacher of an innovative type.

La alteración de la competencia pragmática forma parte de la sintomatología primaria de numerosos cuadros clínicos vinculados al neurodesarrollo (p. ej., el trastorno del espectro autista), trastornos sobrevenidos (p. ej., lesiones de hemisferio derecho) o enfermedades neurodegenerativas (p. ej., demencia frontotemporal). Asimismo, no es poco común registrar su deterioro secundario, derivado de las alteraciones de otros niveles lingüísticos, como el léxico-semántico (p. ej., enfermedad de Alzheimer). El estudio de tal alteración se enfrenta, no obstante, a una serie de retos de corte teórico (qué se entiende por las unidades de análisis pragmático) y metodológico (cómo estudiar tales unidades y evaluar su grado de afectación). El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer una perspectiva crítica sobre los principales desafíos del estudio de la competencia pragmática en enfermedades neurodegenerativas, en particular, la enfermedad de Alzheimer, focalizándose en tres: la variabilidad de posturas teóricas, la variabilidad de enfoques metodológicos, y el papel enmascarador de las estrategias compensatorias.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the video blog as a genre of Internet communication. The purpose of the study is to identify the communicative and pragmatic parameters of the natural sciences video blog. The topicality of the research is firstly determined by the characteristics of the Internet discourse as an active genre-generating space; secondly – by the intensive distribution of the video blog (a modern creolized text); and thirdly – by the lack of a scientific description of this communicative-discursive phenomenon. Various research methods were used, e.g. a complex linguistic description (generalization techniques, interpretation, classification of linguistic facts) and a linguopragmatic approach to the analysis of speech phenomena. The paper discusses the main features of the Internet discourse, genre specifics of the blog and its video content, in particular. The research material is presented by the creolized texts of the video blog “SuperCrastan” by Daniil Craster, which were published on the Youtube channel (52 units for the year of 2022). The communicative and pragmatic parameters of the natural sciences video blog are described at various levels: media, compositional and semantic, linguistic and pragmatic. At the media level, the text of the video blog is considered from the point of view of the degree of creolization, the dominant topic, the method of transmitting and creating the content, the structuring of the video blog: multimedia, hypertextuality, interactivity, synchronicity / asynchronicity of communication. At the compositional and semantic levels, the main types of the video blog are presented; the tendency to blending of types is noted. At the linguistic and pragmatic levels, the analysis involved: communication intentions, the strategies and tactics of their implementation; the speech peculiarities of the impact on the addressee at the phonetic-graphic, lexical and grammatical levels. The main result of the research is a comprehensive description of the communicative and pragmatic parameters of the natural sciences video blog. The research contributes to the development of the theory of Internet discourse in general and of its genre structure, in particular.

Common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) makes up more than half of the cereals grown in the European Union and in Bulgaria. For two years (2021-2022) a field experiment was carried out at the experimental plain of the Department of Plant Production at the Technical University of Varna. Two varieties of winter common wheat were grown, a selection of the Dobrudja Agricultural Institute - General Toshevo. The trial pattern included a variant without fertilization (control - Fert 0), a variant with combined foliar feeding and soil fertilization (Fert SF) and a variant with soil fertilization alone (Fert S). The effect of the way of fertilizing on the productivity and quality of winter common wheat was investigated. Grain yield (GY) and its structural elements - spike length (LMS), number of grains per spike (NGS) and grain weight per spike (WGS), weight per 1000 grains (TGW) and hectoliter weight (TestW) were determined. Biochemical analysis of the wheat grain was performed and the content of protein (Pr), starch (St) and ash substances (Ash) was determined. Fertilization has a strong effect on productivity and grain quality in winter common wheat (both alone and in combination with growing conditions). The method of fertilization has an effect on the productivity of winter common wheat - feeding with foliar fertilizers during the spring vegetation (in the tillering and booting phases) increases grain yield as a result of increasing each of the productivity components. The method of fertilization does not have a significant impact on the quality indicators of winter common wheat, with the exception of the hectoliter mass, whose values are proven to be higher during soil nutrition. The two studied Bulgarian varieties, Sladuna and Nikodim, differ from each other in their efficiency in relation to the way of feeding in the spring.

The development of functional foods providing health benefits above the basic nutritional needs is of growing interest to the food industry. This research aimed to: design fresh prebiotic cheese spreads enriched with agave inulin (AI), thyme (Thymus callieri Borbás ex Velen.) and hawthorn fruit (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) as plant sources of biologically active compounds; observe the physicochemical and microbiological changes in the cheese during storage at 4°C for 35 days; evaluate the sensory characteristics of the new functional products. Therefore, five experimental groups of fresh cheese spreads were prepared – a control; 1% AI + 0.2% thyme; 2% AI + 0.2% thyme; 1% AI + 0.4% hawthorn fruit and 2% AI + 0.4% hawthorn fruit. During the storage, pH in all experimental groups gradually decreased (reaching values between 4.17 and 4.25 on the 35th day), which corresponded to the increasing titratable acidity (reaching values from 146.30°T to 152.51°T on the 35th day). The application of thyme and hawthorn fruit did not reduce the total plate count (mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms) and yeasts; however, during the storage period the addition of agave inulin stimulated the growth of lactic acid bacteria in the treated samples compared to the control.

Статья посвящена анализу адаптации и ресемантизации понятия «великая держава» в советском публичном дискурсе в период с 1920 по 1935 г. Актуализация этого понятия в указанный период была прежде всего связана с необходимостью осмысления СССР в системе международных отношений, системе «великих держав». После Первой мировой войны и революционных событий начала XX в. Россия была исключена из европейской системы международных отношений, а СССР приходилось бороться за признание нового государственного образования. Параллельно новой власти пришлось отстаивать свои позиции внутри страны. Кроме того, новое государство находилось в сложных отношениях с наследием Российской империи. Отрицая многочисленные имперские установки на идеологическом уровне, СССР был вынужден иметь дело со старыми институциями, в том числе с дипломатическим и властным языком имперской России. При этом новые цели требовали пересмотра неудобных интеллектуальных конструктов. Цель статьи – установить, как понятие «великая держава» было переосмыслено и адаптировано большевиками и советской властью после революции 1917 г. и Гражданской войны (1917–1922). Автор выделяет несколько основных этапов переосмысления понятия в публичном дискурсе и на основе анализа периодической печати и публицистики доказывает, что понятие «великая держава» было ресемантизировано лишь частично; оно приобрело новые смысловые (прежде всего идеологические) коннотации, сохранив при этом значительную часть прежних дореволюционных установок. Выявлено, что уже с начала 1920‑х гг. были попытки присвоения статуса «великой державы» в отношении Советской России. В течение исследуемого периода великодержавный нарратив вновь актуализировался и стабилизировался. Основным фактором, подтверждавшим статус «великой державы», стали внутренние успехи страны, а не внешнеполитические (как это было в имперский период).

The analysis of available literature sources shows that, in most cases, when obtaining enriched lactic acid products, a fixed amount of rose hip supplement was used, and this amount was not specified. Organoleptic analysis is also missing in many of the publications. Further research is needed to establish the optimal amount of ground rosehip (Rosa canina L.) fruit in the production of lactic acid products using statistical data analysis methods. As a result of the analyzes carried out in the development, the physico-chemical, organoleptic and color characteristics of a lactic acid drink enriched with coarsely ground rose hips and rose hip flour were determined. The informativeness of these characteristics was established, using appropriate statistical methods for the type of data processed. The appropriate amounts of both additives are defined. For the lactic acid drink obtained with coarsely ground rosehip berries, the optimal amount is 2.76 %, and with the addition of rosehip flour it is 0.53 %. The proposed tools can be used in the development of methods for the valorization of waste products from food production and their addition to dairy products.

The article deals with the problem of Easter iconography. The changes that have taken place in the Russian art of the 16th- 17th centuries are examinated. During this time, new samples for Russian icon painters have appeared. These are Western European engravings and Bibles with illustrations. The images from there are borrowed by Russian artists. This is how an engraving is copied from the cycle of illustrations of the Apostolic Creed. This creed is different from the Orthodox one. The fifth illustration includes dogma, that is not named in the Orthodox creed. There are different stages of image change. They correspond to the understanding of engraving by Russian icon painters. Firstly, the icon painters interpret the engraving and arrange the images differently from the composition of the engraving. Secondly, they create icons as an exact copy of the engraving. Finally, they create a multi-figure image with a central dominant. This new image is associated in culture with the ancient image of Anastasis, or rather, it is defined as its detailed version. Therefore, the ancient icon of Anastasis is connected with a new context. This makes it difficult both to understand the icon and the history of the "Descent into Hell" image. Only by taking into account the transformation of the icon can we talk about the meaning of the ancient image.

Introduction. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to a family of ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses, causing novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Because of a global inflammatory response and endothelial damage, COVID-19 may predispose to coagulation disorders and severe thrombotic events. Case presentation. A 62-year-old man patient was admitted for COVID-19 pneumonia and abdominal pain for 10 days. Because of the rapid deterioration of the clinical status, shock and evidence of peritoneal irritation, the patient was consulted by a surgeon. The native spiral computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen detected enlarged colon filled with air collections and hydro-aeric levels. The surgical intervention revealed diffuse peritonitis with necrosis of the distal ileum secondary to mesenteric thrombosis. A partial resection of the ileum was done. The histological examination showed an infarcted small bowel, with hemorrhage, vascular thrombosis, and signs of necrotizing endovasculitis. Conclusions. SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2 receptor, which results in increased signalling by thrombin receptors on platelet and endothelial cells, leading to coagulopathy. In older patients presenting with abdominal pain, shock and peritonitis, the most common underlying cause is mesenteric thrombosis which could be a complication of COVID-19.

The study of the α diversity of the stand and the herb layer of all major forest types of primary pine and spruce forests in the Middle Urals was conducted. Four indices (Shannon's Diversity Index, Pielou's Evenness Index, Simpson's Diversity Index, Zhivotovsky's Diversity Index) were used to quantify α diversity. The indices were calculated based on the basal area (for the stand) and absolutely dry biomass (for the herb layer). It was shown that each forest type studied has its own characteristics of α diversity, while the relationship between the stand and the herb layer according to the dynamics of the calculated indices when changing habitats was not revealed.

The effect of light and root competition of the tree stand on the growth of the Pinus sibirica Du Tour undergrowth in post-fire birch forests of different ages is investigated using the example of mid-taiga forests of the Middle Urals. The studies were carried out on the basis of a microecosystem approach, using indices of light competition of the tree stand (Ilsc), root competition of the tree stand (Irsc) and integral competition of the tree stand (Irlsc). At the stage of the 13-year-old young birch stand with almost full illumination, the main factor determining the growth and development of Pinus sibirica undergrowth is root competition for soil nutrition. In the 32-year-old middle-aged birch stand, a joint, almost identical, effect of the factors of light and root competition on the growth of Pinus sibirica undergrowth is observed. In the mature 70-yearold birch stand, the main factor, influencing the growth of Pinus sibirica undergrowth, is the level of interception of photosynthetically active radiation by its canopy (light competition) with root competition is not expressed. In our opinion, this is due to the adaptive abilities and characteristics of the soil nutrition of the Pinus sibirica undergrowth and a change in the degree of soil saturation with organic compounds during the development of the post-fire birch forest.

A systematic approach to the production of functional food products using medicinal plant materials, including four stages, is proposed. At each stage, goals and objectives are formulated, for the solution of which legal acts (orders) are issued by the heads of the Departments of Forestry, Health, Industry and Trade at the regional level. The Forestry Department controls the procurement of food forest resources and the collection of medicinal plants. The Department of Health resolves fundamentally important issues related to the detection and prevention of non-communicable diseases, and the conduct of clinical trials. The Department of Industry and Trade selects food industry enterprises in the region, organizes and introduces functional food products into production. The necessity of using medicinal plant raw materials as a valuable source of biologically active substances in functional food technologies is substantiated. The regulatory framework regulating the production, procurement and storage of plant raw materials is presented, the goals and objectives of individual Departments responsible for the quality of life of the population are formulated, and a systematic approach is proposed for the development and promotion of functional food products at enterprises in accordance with the needs of the regions.

Colleagues from the Chuvash Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences have selected varieties from the existing hop collection with stable yield and quality indicators over the years. The varieties were evaluated by yield, alpha acid content, and phenological characteristics, and the coefficient of adaptability and variability to the natural and climatic conditions of Chuvashia was determined for three years 2021-2023. Based on the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient and yield over the past 3 years, the coefficient of correlation of yield with weather conditions for the selected varieties was calculated.

The study of combustion processes in the KAMAZ engine of the 820.60 series, running on compressed natural gas with forced ignition, is proposed to be carried out using the indexing method on a stationary laboratory installation. The composition of the equipment necessary for recording the combustion process and subsequent analysis has been determined. The criteria for the parameters of the pressure sensor, the characteristics of the analog-to-digital converter, the characteristics of detonation sensors and gas-air mixture composition sensors were taken into account. The installation locations of the sensors and the schemes for their coordination with the data acquisition system and the software functions for recording and processing signals have been determined.

The paper discusses technologies for cultivating winter wheat in many years of experience, which make it possible to assess the impact of the main methods of tillage (under certain weather conditions) on its yield. Studies on the cultivation of winter wheat were carried out on chernozem by an ordinary carbonate heavy loader. Various tillage technologies have been studied. With conventional technology, the main soil treatment was carried out by the surface method, the fine method and the dump method. With zero technology, sowing was carried out in untreated soil. During the tests, meteorological conditions were taken into account: the amount of precipitation and the average annual air temperature. Deviation of meteorological parameters from the norm is justified. It was determined that the cultivation of winter wheat partially occurred in the dry period from 2017-2018 years to 2021-2022 year due to lack of precipitation and elevated temperatures.

The article presents the first data on nematode communities inhabiting the soil under hogweed thickets (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.) in Karelia, Leningrad and Moscow districts. Comparison of the parameters of soil nematode communities in four hogweed habitats located on 55° to 61° N allowed describing the effect of geographical latitude of habitats with plant-invader on soil nematodes for the European part of Russia. Parameters of nematode communities were the following: taxonomic diversity, nematode abundance, and the eco-trophic structure. It was revealed that the abundance and diversity of soil nematodes greatly varied in the high latitude locality; and eco-trophic structure of nematode communities differed between regions under study. The relative abundance of omnivores and nematodes associated with plants was higher in the soil under hogweed in Karelia, and bacterial feeders – in the Moscow region. There were established trophic groups of nematodes which had the latitudinal variability that was confirmed by regression analysis. Thus, the results indicated the role of latitude as a factor in shaping the structure of soil nematode communities in the hogweed habitats.

Soil water erosion in Bulgaria has a significant negative impact on the arable inclined lands. Two experiments were conducted with wheat and maize with application of traditional and soil protection technologies, on Calcic Chernozem soil, on the slope of 5°. Calcic Chernozems are soils exposed to frequent water erosion processes due to significant structural deficiency and low aggregate stability. The first survey was carried out in the period 2018-2020, and in addition to conventional technologies, surface and vertical mulching (with manure as mulching material) were also tested. The second was carried out in 2020-2023 and included minimal treatments for growing wheat and maize and the inclusion of cover crop (barley) in the crop rotation. An increase in the amount of soil organic carbon was found, as well as an increase of the soil peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activity. The ratio between two enzymes, is considered as humification factor, is higher in the variants under soil protection technologies. The application of soil conservation treatments such as surface mulching with manure, minimum tillage with vertical manure mulching, as well as minimum tillage combined with cover crop in a wheat-maize rotation on sloping farmlands lead to an improvement of soil organic carbon as well as an increase of soil polyphenoloxidase activity.

The aim of this paper is to present a study of certain characteristics of sweet peppers (genus Capsicum and species Annuum), grown in a private garden located in the North-Eastern region of the country (Razgrad District). 12 types of sown pepper seeds are considered. 11 types of them have annually been collected from the best quality fruits and selected by an amateur gardener. Only one group of pepper seeds (number 7) has been purchased commercially. Before conducting the experiment, the collected peppers have been stored in a refrigerator (5 °C) within a week. The following characteristics of the peppers were studied: moisture content, dry matter and ash content. Static extraction of β-carotene from the peppers was carried out in four organic solvents, used as extractants (isopropanol, isobutanol, 1,1-dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane). The different organic solvents exhibited different extraction ability. The largest amount of β-carotene was extracted when polar organic solvents were used as extractants and first in terms of extraction ability was isopropanol, followed by isobutanol. The best organic solvent for extracting β-carotene from peppers proved to be isopropanol. The highest amount of β-carotene extracted by using isopropanol, was contained in sample № 7 (11.86±0.01 mg/100g of dry matter).

Modern scientific approaches to evaluation of the strategic capacity category are explored in the paper. The relevance of the problem of evaluating strategic potential of an enterprise operating in the agricultural sector for the development of effective management decisions is underlined. A systematic approach to evaluating the strategic potential is suggested, within which the theoretical foundations and methodological approaches to assessing the strategic potential of a company are considered, factors influencing the strategic capacity framework are identified, and evaluation criteria are determined. Practical recommendations are developed for evaluating the level of strategic capacity for selecting a development strategy in relation to agricultural businesses. The results obtained are original since they show the effects of strategic potential evaluation for the specific company. As a result of the study, a model for assessing the level of strategic capacity of an agricultural enterprise is developed based on a systematic approach.

In a study, Wickerhamomyces anomalus (CBS S605T) and Torulaspora delbrueckii (YIT3) yeasts were analyzed in comparison with a breadmaking strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ("Luxe", SAF-Neva LLC). The study has shown that respective yeast species all have moderate or high levels of acid and osmotic tolerance and are able to ferment fructose, glucose, maltose and sucrose. According to the results of gas chromatrographic analysis, the yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus (CBS S605T) accumulates significant amounts of ethyl acetate (11.8 times more than the control strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae), while Torulaspora delbrueckii (YIT3) produces 3.2 times more aliphatic alcohols than the control strain. Rheofermentometric study in wheat dough demonstrates 29,6% lower carbon dioxide production by Wickerhamomyces anomalus (CBS S605T), and 64.5% lower production by Torulaspora delbrueckii (YIT3) as compared to control strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Based on the data obtained, conclusions were drawn on the possibility of effective use of Wickerhamomyces anomalus (CBS S605T) and Torulaspora delbrueckii (YIT3) in sourdough breadmaking.

The purpose of this work was to study the effect of air temperature on the duration of the growing season in Western Siberia (Russia). Material and methods: phenological observation of 6 varieties of spring barley (Abalak, Zolotnik Naran, Tandem, DLA-14 and Pasadena) was carried out for the period from 2016 to 2020. The sensitivity of varieties to temperature conditions is determined. The optimal average daily air temperature during the interphase periods was established: shoots-heading 31-35 days, and heading-ripeness 34-37 days. The optimal sums of effective temperatures above 10 ºC, necessary for the growth, and development of spring barley varieties, have been calculated. The Abalak variety was distinguished by a narrow temperature range in both interphase periods (the first period - 0.7 ºC; the second - 2.3 ºC), which indicates a low plasticity of this variety. The agrometeorological characteristic obtained from the data of field experiments can be used to identify the areas of cultivation of varieties, as well as for a scientifically based assessment of the territory in relation to the variety. The optimal, minimum air temperatures for each variety are calculated. The sensitivity of varieties to temperature changes was studied.

The study is devoted to the analysis of the learning possibilities of adaptive neural networks in the context of water-chemical regime management systems. During a series of experiments on a laboratory stand with a disturbing effect, transient characteristics describing changes in the controlled value were obtained. The obtained mathematical models using the TunePID program served as the basis for the analysis and research of adaptive neural networks. Adaptive neural networks are a powerful tool capable of learning from the data obtained and dynamically changing their structure and parameters to accurately predict and control the behavior of the system. Unlike classical mathematical models, adaptive neural networks have the ability to process nonlinear dependencies and adapt to changing conditions without the need for manual reconfiguration. The stages of identification of disturbances and adaptation of compensator settings were described and illustrated. The study included an analysis of the work of a neural network with a different number of hidden neurons and various activation functions. The results showed that neural networks trained on data using an adaptive approach are able to predict and control the system with an accuracy comparable to the calculated parameters of the control coefficients calculated manually.

This article is devoted to the definition of organizational and legal bases for environmental education in universities. The introduction actualizes the problems and prospects of professional environmental education, defines its object, the relationship of the subject of professional activity with the environment and the subject, organizational and legal foundations of establishing the relationship of the subject of professional activity with the environment. In the course of description of materials and methods of research the conclusions are made that ecological education is realized actively at all educational stages. As a consequence, the entrants have formed an ecological culture and the corresponding ecological experience of the subject. Each educational level is completed and is a springboard for the formation of ecological consciousness and ecological thinking. The main results of the research in the article are presented by the description of the model of environmental education in higher education institution, which includes target, methodological and methodological blocks. The purpose of environmental education is the definition of organizational and legal conditions for establishing the relationship of the future subject of professional activity with the environment. The methodological basis of environmental education is represented by a set of principles of axiological, activity and system approaches. The methodological block reveals and substantiates the most appropriate forms and methods of environmental education in higher education. Forms - conferences and forums, among the many methods mentioned in the article the project method takes a priority place. The discussions formulate organizational and legal conditions for establishing the relationship of the future subject of professional activity with the environment.

This article presents data on the results of a long-term study of promising lines of spring barley in the Tyumen region. The experiment was conducted in 2019-2022 at the experimental field of SRIA (Russia) using generally accepted methods of analysis and standard techniques. 56 samples were evaluated, including 36 of them evaluated by two precursors (peas and spring grains). The analysis of the data showed a decrease in yield according to the predecessor – cereals, without fertilizers by 14.8%. The growing conditions significantly influenced the grain nature, hoodness, protein and fat content (the share of influence was 85.8, 60.9, 55.5 and 72.7%, respectively). The weight of 1000 grains largely depended on varietal characteristics (the share of influence was 63.1%). The formation of starch was significantly influenced by the interaction of genotype and environment (the share of influence was 71.6%, respectively). As a result of the breeding material evaluation, 17 promising samples of spring barley, including four huskless ones, were identified.

The article examines the concept of food security as a key element of the country’s national security system, describes its tasks in the context of sanctions pressures on the main sectors of the economy, including agriculture. The author’s classification of the factors influencing the provision of food security in Russia is given, their content and dynamics of development are disclosed. The definition of agricultural business processes is given, the classification of their types and decomposition for the sub-sector of field farming with the allocation of precision agriculture is given. The problematic field of practical implementation of the process of digital transformation of the agricultural sector has been identified and the main directions for overcoming it have been outlined.

After Covid 19, hazards appeared for the development of the hotel and restaurant business. Some of the skilled personnel left this business and headed for more sustainable industries or abroad. Therefore, the aim of the work is to study the main factors affecting the survival and prospects for the development of the restaurant business in the hotel-restaurant complexes in Bulgaria. The main motivations of consumers for the future development of modern restaurants in the country aimed at increasing customer satisfaction have been studied. The research was conducted through qualitative and quantitative marketing research and SWOT analysis of available high-end hotels and dining and entertainment establishments in Bulgaria. Mathematical and statistical models were used to process the data of the respondents for each of the questions. The results are presented graphically. A comparative characterization of six hotel-restaurant chains in Bulgaria was made in terms of categorization, comfort, amenities and quality of service, and way of eating in the restaurants. The positive sides and their shortcomings and prospects for development in the current economic situation are reflected, and the consequences of the Covid 19 crisis are also taken into account.

The effect of the treatment with lyophilized antioxidant extracts of wild basil (Clinopodium vulgare L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in rabbit meat on pH, colour and myoglobin changes during refrigerated and frozen storage was investigated. The experimental design included 3 groups of meat – one control and two treated with lyophilized plant extracts (in amount 1:100). The meat was derived from three carcass parts- loin, hind leg and fore leg The meat samples were stored at 4°C for 7 days, after that the storage proceeded for 90 days at -45°C. The study demonstrated different effect of the plant antioxidants on pH and colour, as well as the changes in the myoglobin and its redox forms that depended on the carcass part. The values of pH and decreased during frozen storage. The treatment with plant extracts and storage led to considerable discoloration of the meat from hind leg and fore leg, displayed by decrease of the redness, corresponding to lower percentage of OMb but higher of MetMb. The results suggest certain pro oxidative effect of the plant extracts in this study and require further research with different doses, storage times and temperatures in order to determine the optimal antioxidant application.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in the fatty acid profile and acid value of milkfat during ripening of Kashkaval cheese with reduced sodium chloride content. Three batches of Kashkaval cheese (with low 0.7%; medium 1.5% and standard 3.1% NaCl content) were produced. Analyses were carried out on days 1 and 45 of ripening. Based on the results obtained, it was established that lipolysis in Kashkaval cheese during ripening was significantly delayed (p

The influence of the type and quantity of added tahini in the composition of starch-milk dessert cream on the rheological and thixotropic properties was analyzed. Three types (sunflower, almond and hazelnut) and quantity (3, 6 and 12%) of tahini were used. After the analysis, it was found that the cream with 3% almond tahini had the highest viscosity, and the cream with 12% almond tahini had the lowest viscosity. All samples showed a non-Newtonian character, which is mainly due to the starch in their composition. In terms of thixotropic properties, the cream with 12% almond tahini showed the highest resistance, and the cream with 3% sunflower tahini showed the lowest resistance. The obtained results could be used when implementing similar types of products in food production.

The stability and rheological properties of starchy dairy dessert creams thickened with corn, potato, wheat, rice, and tapioca starches were compared. A difference in structure was also reported in microscopic imaging. The stability of the creams was assessed by analysing the amount of liquid separated by centrifugation of the samples. Potato starch cream was found to have the least stability after 24, 120, and 240 hours of storage. Wheat starch shows the lowest retrograde properties. Rheological studies were performed at 50 °C in a controlled shear rate mode. The data show that all systems studied are non-Newtonian fluids. The resulting flow curves were analysed using the Herschel-Bulkley model. All creams are pseudoplastic, thinning liquids with time-varying properties. The consistency of creams thickened with rice and wheat starch is significantly more stable than those thickened with corn, potato, and tapioca starch, which was also confirmed by the calculated thixotropic areas.

Using the life cycle assessment methodology, this article analyzes the potential for developing a responsible production process for mineral fertilizers. By way of an example, the composition of the production facilities at a vertically integrated company is considered, and the main factors that negatively affect on the atmospheric air, waterbodies, and soils are identified. Based on the analysis of the best available and promising technologies, the main ways to mitigate the negative impact on the environment, human health, and natural resources are defined. It is concluded that the application of product life cycle assessment approaches makes it possible to identify priority environmental aspects at each stage and take them into consideration when developing and implementing programs to improve the resource and energy efficiency, as well as environmental performance of product production and consumption.

The use of apple powder and a grain mixture in a composition with whole-grain flour in the recipe of crisp bread makes it possible to obtain a product enriched with valuable substances. The introduction of enriching components into the recipe allows for the adjustment of the technology of the non-paired method of production of crisp bread: to reduce the fermentation process by increasing the rate of acid formation in the dough. Apple powder in the recipe was introduced in terms of replacing flour and completely replacing sugar. In order to obtain optimal organoleptic parameters of the finished product, the ratio of prescription components was experimentally selected. The introduced components made it possible to improve the structural and mechanical properties of the dough. During the experiment, recipes for crisp bread with different amounts of apple powder were developed: 10% (sample No. 1), 15% (sample No. 2) and 20% (sample No. 3). Due to the introduction of apple powder and grain mixture, not only the vitamin and mineral composition of crisp bread is improved, the cooking process is intensified by reducing the fermentation process of the dough (reduced by 2 times).

A claims reserve is money set aside for a claim that has been Reported But Not Settled (RBNS) or Incurred But Not Reported (IBNR). Claim reserves are crucial for the financial stability of insurance companies. Operationally, we can know the amount RBNS, but we don’t know the amount of IBNR. Therefore, actuarial literature has proposed numerous IBNR calculation methods, which are usually based on statistical concepts. However, the mutant and uncertain behavior of insurance environments for each insurance company does not make advisable to use a wide database across all insurance companies in Cambodia when calculating IBNR. As it is not advised by the regulator for any standard methodology of claim reserve calculation and each insurance company must define its own method based on its data and operational procedure. Prevoir (Kampuchea) Micro- Life Insurance in Cambodia, the first Micro Insurance licensed in Cambodia since 2011, has developed its methodology of claim reserve calculation by studying on claim settlement pattern and Stanard-buhlmann method. In this paper, we are going to share evaluation between the two methods after conducting experiment at Previor Insurance company. The Insurance company also operates in the agricultural insurance market.

Hydrogen sulfide corrosion cracking of steel occurs in deposits containing corrosive components - hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide). The mechanism of corrosion cracking of steel in hydrogen sulfide-containing environments of corrosive oil and gas fields is considered, and factors influencing hydrogen sulfide cracking are identified. Increasing the performance properties of carbon, low-alloy, structural steels resistant to hydrogen sulfide and sulfide cracking was carried out on the basis of improving the composition of the components of chemical elements and the structural state through the choice of heat treatment methods depending on the acidity and temperature of the environment, partial pressures of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. Laboratory and production tests have shown the durability of the proposed compositions chemical elements of steels to hydrogen sulfide cracking, sulfide cracking and hydrogen swelling in deposits containing corrosive components was 70–80% compared to existing carbon structural steels.

In conditions of rapidly changing social relations, any preventive mechanisms, and especially mechanisms for preventing emerging environmental threats, require regular review. The emerging social needs of society are the main driver of the emergence of new ways of harmful impacts on the environment. Therefore, it is the identification of social environmental needs that change at a specific stage of development of social relations that should be taken into account when forming objects of preventive influence. The results of the work are the formation of appropriate objects of preventive influence, as the basis of mechanisms for the prevention of socially dangerous environmental threats, the socially positive results of which meet the identified social needs of society, which corresponds to the achievement of the set goal.

The work is aimed at assessing the potential of using the yeast culture Wickerhamomyces anomalus CBS605T in bread baking. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the yeast culture Wickerhamomyces anomalus (CBS605T) against the causative agent of potato disease, Bacillus subtilis, was studied. A rheoenzymemetric assessment of the gas-forming and gas-retaining abilities of the studied strain during fermentation in wheat dough was carried out. The study showed that the yeast culture Wickerhamomyces anomalus (CBS605T) effectively inhibits the growth of Bacillus subtilis and has higher fermentation activity than the control organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii (Y3925), also known for antimicrobial activity against the pathogen of potato disease.

5 groups were formed from quails of the Manchurian breed. The control group - the main diet, and the experimental ones were given 0.25% (1 experimental group (EG)); 0.5% (2EG); 0.75 (3EG) and 1% (4EG) Baikal EM-2 solution at the rate of 3 ml per head. Histological studies were performed at the age of 147 days. Egg production per average laying hen in the experimental groups was on average 11.7% higher compared to the control group, the average live weight of quails in the experimental groups is 1.2% higher. In the duodenum, in all experimental groups, there was a better development of villi by 19.8-58.6% (P≤0.001), and in the skinny, the height of the villi was significantly higher in EG1, EG2, and EG4 by 19%-48%. The crypt layer significantly increased in the duodenum of 4EG by 13.9% (P≤0.05). The muscular elements of the duodenum were better developed in the experimental groups. In the cecum, the size of the layers did not differ. We assume that the experienced bird achieved high zootechnical results due to the better development of the villi of the small intestine.

The article is devoted to the final period of the Gorky’s publishing house “World Literature” and the circumstances of its closure in January 1925. The article presents hithertho unknown protocols of the Editorial Board meetings from A.M. Gorky Аrchive of the IWL RAS, notes from the diary of K.I. Chukovsky and the A.L. Volynsky archive of in RGALI. The work of the publishing house reached the top in 1923, when Gorky was abroad and the management of the publishing house was transferred to A.N. Tikhonov. The main opponent of the publishing house and Tikhonov personally was I.I. Ionov, the brother-in-law of G.Е. Zinoviev and Gorky’s main enemy. Initially, “World Literature” was created as an autonomous publishing house, located in the department of the People’s Commissariat of Education (Narkompros), but later it was subordinated to the State Publishing House (Gosizdat), which was responsible for publishing books and material support of the publishing house. Lenin, Vorovsky and Lunacharsky were the patrons of Gorky and Tikhonov, Zinoviev supported Ionov, and the victim of their struggle, which unfolded after Lenin’s death in January 1924, ultimately became “World Literature,” which was transferred under the control of the State Publishing House.

The paper deals with selected aspects of the studies of Orientalism, as it was introduced by E. W. Said in his monograph Orientalism, in the context of Russian colonial experience, with specific features of Russian “internal” and “outer” colonization, as well as with elements of Orientalism reflected in Russian literature. The applicability of E. Said’ theory is demonstrated through an analysis of the poetic works of one of the founders of the Eurasian movement, P. N. Savickij.

The relevance of the article is due to the fact that in the modern world, various utopian concepts do not lose their ideological strength, which for more than two centuries have significantly influenced public consciousness and have caused significant transformations in the socio-cultural life of mankind. The connection among social utopias and Christian eschatology has been noticed for a long time, and the thoughts expressed on this occasion by Protopresbyter Alexander Schmemann in articles and diary entries can contribute to a better understanding of deep cognitive processes that largely determine modern social realities. The purpose of the study was based on the analysis of the works of this worthy representative of the philosophy of the Russian diaspora, comparing the traditional religious eschatological "prototype" and later views on the "end of history". These views contributed to the development of utopianism and ideologism in the public mind. The authors focus attention on the antinomical nature of Christian eschatology, in contrast to the various socio-utopian modifications that define social ideals in a field transcendental to everyday human activities. The striving of religious thinking towards the "non-worldly" ideal, as Protopresbyter Alexander Schmemann believed, made it possible to form a Christian's attitude to earthly life, which inevitably required a qualitative transformation corresponding to the notion of the ultimate goal. However, over time, the Christian faith paid less and less attention to the eschatological dimension of human life, which contributed to the formation of new eschatologies seeking their social ideals in the immediate givenness of earthly life and affirming the belief in the possibility of their empirical achievement. The authors of the article come to the conclusion that the most important factor in the formation and development of the "ideological faith" in the public consciousness, the concept of which is defined in the most general terms in the works of Protopresbyter Alexander Schmemann, was the isolation of the dominant ideological structures based on social utopian ideas, from traditional faith grounds. Thus, ideologies ceased to be functional aspects of concrete historical religions, lost their official character and themselves became the foundation for pseudo-religious creativity.

Stroke or ischemia is caused by a blockage in a specific blood vessel that partially or completely reduces the blood flow to the brain. Nutritional factors such as antioxidants and healthy eating patterns are important variables in preventing stroke. Molecular composition properties such as molecular binding and screening can be used to evaluate the specific activity and morphological changes. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacological correction of the consequences of a hemorrhagic stroke in rats with a new derivative of taurine magnesium-bis-(2-aminoethanesulfonic)-butadioate. The animals (n=170) were divided into four groups as follows: 1) control group (n=20), 2) group 2 suffered a hemorrhagic stroke without pharmacological correction (n=50), 3) group 3 (n=50) underwent simulation of hemorrhagic stroke received Taurine at the dose of 50 mg/kg, 4) Group 4 underwent simulation of hemorrhagic stroke with correction of hemorrhagic stroke with magnesium-bis-(2-aminoethanesulfonic)-butadioate at the dose of 150 mg/kg (LKHT 3-17) (n=50). Hemorrhagic stroke was induced by transfusing autologous blood into the parietal lobe of the right hemisphere of the brain. Lethality, neurological status, locomotor, and exploratory behavior, as well as the morphological pattern of the brain damage, were assessed on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days after the pathology simulation. Neurological deficit was determined in animals by the McGrow stroke index scale. The locomotor and exploratory behavior was evaluated using the Acti-track software and hardware complex. Two criteria were considered when assessing morphological changes in the brain: the average thickness of the cerebral cortex (in micrometers) and the number of neurons without degenerative changes. LKHT 3-17 (150 mg/kg) and taurine (50 mg/kg) reduced lethality by 1.7 and 1.36 times, respectively, on the 3rd day after stroke compared to that of the control (p

Introduction. Pelvic abscess rupture is a rare complication following in-vitro fertilization procedures. Case presentation. We describe an unusual case of ovarian abscess rupture following transvaginal oocyte retrieval in a 31-year-old female with a previous endometrioma. The patient presented 17 days after ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval and 12 days after embryo transfer in our emergency room, with acute lower abdominal pain, septic fever and malaise. Laparoscopic surgery was considered after failure of triple intravenous antibiotic combination. Conclusions. Managing patients undergoing infertility treatment with this condition appears to be difficult due to the need of aggressive antibiotic and surgical treatment, which increases the risk of spontaneous abortion after embryo transfer.

Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida (Lepechin, 1774)) vertically segregate by size class in deep waters, but such dynamics had not been explored in shallow waters. Spatial distribution of Arctic cod was investigated in Resolute Bay, Nunavut, Canada (74°41N, 94°52W) from 20 July to 5 August 2012, using a combination of hydroacoustic survey and direct capture. Hydroacoustic surveys identified two high concentrations of Arctic cod, with larger individuals detected on the west side, and smaller individuals on the east. Catch data confirmed size segregation, with fish sampled on the west side of the bay significantly larger (mean = 174 mm total length (TL); 35.9 g weight (WT)) than those on the east (mean = 110 mm TL; 9.2 g WT). Fish density on the west was estimated at 3.52 fish·m−2, extrapolated to the full 0.52 km2 of the surveyed shoal to ∼1 830 400 fish and 65 711 kg (assuming a 35.9 g mean WT). Smaller fish on the east side were more abundant (9.32 fish·m−2; total abundance ∼11 836 400 fish or 108 894 kg; mean WT = 9.2 g). Horizontal habitat-partitioning was observed between Arctic cod size classes over a small geographic area (∼8 km2), most probably due to partitioned resources and to mitigate predation risk.

Bulgaria encompasses most of the Balkan migratory corridor (part of the so-called Danubian corridor) which facilitated the dispersal of mammals and Homo populations into and out of Europe. In spite of the scarcity of human fossil remains, the rich evidence of more than 20 Palaeolithic sites in Bulgaria suggests long-term human presence and various activities. Northwestern Bulgaria is known for the massive karstic formations in the area around the present-day town of Belogradchik. Three important Palaeolithic settlements have been excavated there, namely the caves of Kozarnika, Magura and Mishin Kamik. This paper presents the results of five short but intensive excavation campaigns in Mishin Kamik Cave. No human fossil remains or lithic artefacts have been recovered. However, the excavations produced several bone artefacts and a number of intriguing features, including an apparently intentional arrangement of bear skulls, which suggest the cave was visited by humans at the end of the Middle Pleistocene

The aim of the current study was to improve the nutritional value, rheological quality and sensory characteristics of yoghurt prepared with high-esterified citrus and celery pectins. Comparative studies of physicochemical characteristics of yoghurt with incorporated pectin isolated from celery (Apium graveolens var. rapaceum D. C.) tubers and commercially available citrus pectin were conducted. The celery pectin extracted by ammonium oxalate was characterized as highly methoxylated (HM) with a degree of esterification (DE) 75 % and anhydrouronic acid content (AUАC) 66 %, respectively. The rate of lactic acid formation, rheological, and sensory characteristics of the resulting yoghurts were also studied. It was found, that the addition of high-esterified celery pectin in the milk in an amount of 0.3 % decreased syneresis of the acid coagulum and led to a slight increase in viscosity. The addition of pectins in the concentration from 0.1 to 0.3 % caused alterations in sensory perception, which was positively evaluated by the panellists. However, the highest scores from sensory evaluation of resulting yoghurts demonstrated these prepared with 0.2 % celery pectin. This study suggested that the highly esterified celery pectin presents an alternative source of soluble dietary fibre for the enrichment of yoghurt and the production of a functional product with potential health effects.

We present here an original express method of quantitative assessment based on carbon dioxide intensity production by yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast suspension is sucked inside medical syringe, hermetically sealed from one side. During yeast fermentation carbon dioxide intensively releases and the syringe pistol starts to raise. Probes, containing toxic substances show less fermentation efficiency and the height of pistol rising is less compared to the control probe, giving opportunity to assume toxic effects of different substances, foodstuff and medicines Method is independent from highly skilled personnel and hi-tech expensive equipment. By means of a simple technique it allows receiving a comparative assessment of beverages toxicity, such as beer, vodka, energy drinks, etc. and can give information on toxicity and chemical pollution of water, food, and soil. Test for toxic effect of medicines can also become a scope of this approach. According to this concept, it is necessary to replace laboratory animals by other models. Thus, the offered technique is a tool for detection of environment potential danger to humans without experimental testing on animal models. Now days there is worldwide growing tendency: people ignore cosmetic products that were tested on animals. Our method for some extend is able to replace animal models for toxicity assessment.