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This study examined the economic feasibility of crop rotation as a farming technique for small-scale farmers in Punjab, Pakistan, in 2022. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study integrated qualitative and quantitative data to comprehensively assess the financial impact of crop rotation. The research focused on two key regions in Punjab renowned for small-scale farming: Sargodha and Chakwal. These areas were selected due to their prevalent small-scale farming practices and diverse agricultural methods. The study included a control group of farms that did not practice crop rotation, alongside farms actively implementing this technique. Through surveys of farm owners, input costs (such as seeds, fertilizers, and labor), market prices, crop yields, and total farm revenues were quantified over a three-year period. Soil health indicators were evaluated through soil sample analyses. Qualitative insights into farmers' perspectives on the benefits, challenges, and financial decision-making processes related to crop-rotation were gathered via in-depth interviews and regional focus groups. The findings from 2022 demonstrated advantages for farms practicing crop-rotation, evidenced by consistently higher yields and reduced seed costs. These farms also reported significantly greater profitability. The qualitative analysis highlighted local dynamics influencing the adoption of crop rotation. The study underscored the need to address challenges such as weather fluctuations and market conditions. The insights from this 2022 research can greatly benefit policymakers and agricultural practitioners in promoting sustainable farming practices among small-scale farmers in Punjab, Pakistan. Crop rotation emerges as a strategy capable of enhancing agricultural productivity and bolstering the financial resilience of small-scale farming communities.

Editorial

This controlled pot experiment aimed to assess the effectiveness of garlic extract as a natural aphid control agent on infected tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). The study investigated the impact of different doses of garlic extract on plant height, leaf damage, fruit production, and overall yield. The garlic extract was prepared by diluting crushed garlic bulbs with water to achieve the desired concentrations. The experiment employed a randomized complete block design with four treatment groups: a control group (0%), low dose (10%), medium dose (30%), and high dose (50%) of garlic extract. The treatments were applied using a handheld sprayer, and the plants were monitored for aphid populations using visual inspection and sticky traps. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis, including analysis of variance (ANOVA), to determine significant differences between treatments. The results revealed that higher doses of garlic extract led to increased plant height, decrease in leaf damage caused by aphids, higher fruit production, and improved overall yield. The control group exhibited the lowest values for all parameters, while treatments with garlic extract showed significant improvements. The highest yields were observed in Treatment 50%, where plants treated with the highest dose of garlic extract yielded 41.2 kg per treatment. These findings demonstrate the potential of garlic extract as an effective aphid control agent, capable of enhancing tomato crop yield and economic returns for farmers.

Food habits and feeding ecology research are a fundamental tool to understand fish roles within their ecosystems. Fish sampling was conducted from May to July 2024 in Madong – Sei Nyirih waters. 85 fish samples were analysed by prey item, occurrence frequency, and volume of prey. The spotted scat showed flexibility in their feeding ecology was based on prey composition. The gut contents showed an ontogenetic shift in diet with an increase in length, the main food of the smaller specimens (100 mm SL) fish have the most diversified prey items in their diet, although algae were predominant.

While pharmaceuticals are typically found in trace amounts, their continuous discharge into the environment could eventually lead to significant, lasting concentrations, potentially harming humans, animals, and ecosystems. Studies have identified various pharmaceutical compounds, including paracetamol, in sewage treatment plants and water sources like groundwater and drinking water. Recent research has explored the effectiveness of advanced wastewater treatment methods, mainly focusing on adsorption, to remove pharmaceuticals. This report highlights the challenge of substantial oil palm waste, specifically the oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), posing disposal issues. OPEFB, as an absorbent for pollutants in wastewater, appears to be a viable solution. This study evaluates OPEFB’s capacity to adsorb paracetamol contaminants from water matrixes. It shows that 2.5 grams of OPEFB achieved a removal rate of 99.32% for paracetamol at an initial concentration of 100 ppm after 24 hours while using 5.0 grams of OPEFB resulted in a 99.28% removal rate for paracetamol at the same concentration and duration. This shows that OPEFB have the potential to eliminate pollutants from wastewater through the adsorption process effectively.

The utilization of palm oil industry’s residues on empty fruit bunch (EFB), for biochar production has gained considerable attention due to its potential in waste management and sustainable resource utilization. In this study, the investigation of bonding properties and morphological characteristics of torrefied pelletised biochar derived from EFB was done through torrefaction process which is a thermal treatment process under low oxygen conditions to enhance the energy density and stability of the biochar. Torrefied pelletised biochar was formed from the torrefied EFB biochar utilising the strand size of 750µm, holding temperature of 274°C, and residence time of 90 minutes, and later mixed with a binding agent at proportions (10%–30% of weight). The bonding properties of torrefied pelletised biochar were further analysed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for identifying functional groups present in the torrefied pelletised biochar. Morphological characteristics were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyse the surface morphology and pore structure. Results indicate that torrefaction significantly improved the bonding properties of the torrefied biochar but not for the pelletised biochar. SEM images revealed a more compact and homogeneous structure with enhancing the porosity of the torrefied biochar in preparing them as pelletised due to the help of pores size for binder. FTIR analysis demonstrated alterations in functional groups, suggesting chemical transformations induced by torrefaction. The enhanced bonding properties and morphological characteristics contribute to its suitability for practical implementation in agricultural and environmental sectors, thereby promoting sustainable waste management practices and resource utilization.

Automation of various routine operations using the robotics arm in industrial automation is crucial for bridging innovative systems and production procedures, thereby speeding up the manufacturing process by reducing overall cycle times. In this work, Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to simulate a robotic arm for handling electronic printers to foster their transportation. The analysis considers different loads and materials which include AISI 304, cast carbon steel, aluminium alloy 1060, malleable cast iron and AISI 1020. The effects of discrete particulate mechanical properties, concerning material, load zone and design configuration parameters were revealed. The remarkable result of these simulations shows displacement, tensile and compressive strain distribution values as a conclusion of the better capacity for anticipated lightweight operation using aluminium alloy 1060 robotic arm transporting device. In addition, the current simulations give a profound picture of how materials are selected to maximize the operational process.

This study investigates the impact of pelletisation on the properties and performance of torrefied oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) biochar. Torrefaction, a mild pyrolysis process, enhances the energy density and durability of biomass, creating a more stable biochar product. Pelletisation, involving the compression of biochar into pellets, aims to improve its handling, transportation, and application efficiencies. This study examines key parameters such as the effects of pelletisation pressure, temperature, and the use of binders on the physical and chemical properties of torrefied EFB biochar. Evaluations include changes in density, bonding properties, and calorific value. Additionally, the study explores how pelletisation influences the biochar’s porosity, surface area, and elemental composition. Results indicate that pelletisation significantly affects the structural integrity and functional properties of torrefied EFB biochar. Pellets exhibit enhanced bulk density and durability, which are beneficial for storage and transport. However, some reduction in surface area and porosity is observed, potentially impacting the biochar’s effectiveness in applications such as soil amendment and carbon sequestration. Findings suggest that while pelletisation offers practical advantages, optimizing the process parameters is crucial to maintain the beneficial properties of torrefied EFB biochar. Overall, this study provides comprehensive insights into the trade- offs associated with pelletising torrefied EFB biochar, highlighting the potential for improved usability in sustainable agriculture and environmental management practices. Future work should focus on refining pelletisation techniques to balance mechanical benefits with the preservation of biochar’s functional attributes.

This project aims to describe the characteristics of breeders, describe the Day Old Chick (DOC) KUB chicken production business planning efforts that have been carried out by breeders, recommend a Business Model Canvas (BMC) and analysis of the KUB chicken DOC production business. The research method used is a mixed method with a concurrent model embedded in mixed methods (unbalanced mixture). In preparing this final project, the qualitative method is a method that has a higher percentage of use than quantitative methods. Data was collected using questionnaires, interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and secondary data studies. The research results show that the majority of people responsible for livestock activities are husbands who are the main person responsible for KUB chicken cultivation activities. The breeder is of productive age. The level of formal education is in the middle category (Senior High School). The main occupation of breeders is rubber farmers with an income of less than the minimum wage of Tabalong Regency. Efforts to plan the KUB chicken DOC production business in Masingai II Village include training on hatching management and KUB chicken DOC production, training and practice in making automatic hatching machines, and FGDs on developing the KUB chicken DOC production business.

This study explores the impact of multiple cropping on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield when intercropped with corn (Zea mays L.) at different ratios (1:1 and 1:2) compared to sole cropping. The study aimed to evaluate yield differences and the correlation between yield and morpho-agronomic traits. The experiment was conducted over two growing seasons (2022-2023) at the Agricultural Research Station. Results indicated that intercropping significantly reduced groundnut yield due to resource competition, with yields of 67.5 grams per plant in the 1:1 ratio and 70.6 grams in the 1:2 ratio, compared to 119.2 grams in sole cropping. Correlation analysis showed that yield was positively associated with pod number and fresh biomass but negatively correlated with leaf count. A predictive model for groundnut yield (2024-2026) was developed and validated, showing no significant difference between predicted and actual yields. The findings suggest that the 1:1 ratio is more effective in maintaining yield under multiple cropping systems and optimizing intercropping strategies to enhance agricultural productivity.

The energy-saving device has been used to decrease fuel consumption on ships by increasing the efficiency of ship propulsion systems. Pre-swirl Stator (PSS) is an ESD that changes the axial and tangential speed component of the propeller’s inflow which produces an additional gain of thrust by 4.7%. By using a pre-swirl stator, there is still an indication of a hub vortex developed behind the propeller. Another type of ESD is Propeller boss-cap fins which can decrease the development of hub vortex. A combination of PSS and PBCF ESD could gain another 1-1.5% of propeller efficiency rather than only using a pre-swirl stator and decrease hub-vortex. The goal of this study is to increase KM. Dharma Kartika IX propeller’s performances by using PSS and PBCF. The computational fluid dynamics method was employed with variated angles of attack are 3° and 5° for PSS fin. The numerical approach is based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equation with k-ε as the turbulence model. The results showed a combination of PSS and PBCF gives an additional 5-30% of thrust, 5-30% of torque, and 0.8-5% of efficiency.

The Drosophila Climbing Assay (DCA) is often used when Drosophila is positioned as a model organism to study the effects of disease or environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the consistency of the relationship between the two variables of climbing ability in fly imago, both under normal conditions and under stress conditions. The predictor variable of this study was the duration of climbing, while the criterion variable was climbing success. A total of 72 experimental units were prepared and divided into 3 conditions, i.e., 24 fly bottles cultured on normal medium, 24 fly bottles cultured for one generation on leadcontaining medium, and 24 others cultured for two generations on leadcontaining medium. The results of the Spearman's Rho correlation test indicated that the duration of climbing duration was always significantly negatively correlated with climbing success in all three conditions: natural conditions (rs=-0.438, p=0.032), stress over a generation (rs=-0.864, p

Recombination frequency through testcross involving Drosophila melanogaster can be used as relevant data in assessing the effect of certain substances on organisms. This study aimed to analyze the effect of lead-contaminated culture media on the percentage of recombination events. D. melanogaster was selected as the model organism while crossing over was selected as the observed recombination event. Lead levels in each treatment were 0, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 grams. Crossing over data was collected by calculating the frequency of recombinant-type strains from testcross results involving wildtype strains and vestigial black double mutants. Successively, the recombinant frequencies in the 0-, 0.05-, 0.075-, and 0.1-gram lead groups were 32.40, 14.65, 0, and 0%. The results of the hypothesis test indicated that lead contamination had a significant effect on reducing the recombination frequency. Therefore, lead may negatively impact the molecular aspects that control recombination events. Because recombination is regulated by genes and involves various proteins, a decrease in recombination frequency indicates that lead has a negative impact on genes or proteins during gametogenesis.

The 5083-aluminium alloy, a widely utilized aluminium-magnesium alloy known for its high strength and excellent corrosion resistance, is commonly employed in various applications, including shipbuilding. Despite its inherent resistance to seawater, the presence of microorganisms such as sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) significantly exacerbates its corrosion. In this study, immersion and electrochemical tests were performed on 5083 aluminium alloy in both sterilized seawater and seawater enriched with SRB Citrobacter freundii SKC-4. Prior to the corrosion tests, Citrobacter freundii SKC-4 was cultivated in modified Luria-Bertani medium under specific conditions. The results demonstrated increased corrosion rates in the presence of the bacteria, with extended immersion leading to greater weight loss of the alloy. Analyses using Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy Mapping and Fourier Transform Infrared confirmed the formation of biofilms by Citrobacter freundii SKC-4 on the alloy's surface, clearly indicating the occurrence of biocorrosion.

This paper presents a novel digital microfluidics platform that utilizes PCB substrate designed on Easy EDA software and is based on electrowetting on a dielectric (EWOD) phenomenon. For droplet actuation, the platform’s performance was examined at different DC voltages ranging from 300V to 450V. The fabrication process was made simple and inexpensive by using readily available, low-cost ingredients including silicone oil, cooking oil, and olive oil with grafting tape as a dielectric layer. Compared to other oils used for droplet actuation, cooking oil yields the highest droplet velocity. Due to its affordable and easy-to-fabricate nature, our suggested digital microfluidics platform will be feasible for droplet actuation and can also be applied to medical diagnostic applications like DNA analysis and cell culture, as well as the detection of environmental pollutants.

Multiple research studies have developed frameworks to forecast the ability of concrete structural elements to withstand compression along their length. However, further exploration is required to refine predictions for the axial compressive strain, as existing strain models lack precision. The earlier models were created with restricted and noisy data sets and basic modelling methods, underscoring the necessity for a more meticulous approach to introduce a more accurate strain model and to evaluate its forecasts against those of current models.This study wants to fill in the gap by creating models for how much concrete reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) can stretch using computer simulations called artificial neural networks (ANN). This approach is based on a substantial database comprising 570 sample points. The comprehensive investigation of these estimates robustly validates the accuracy and practicality of the suggested ANN models for predicting the axial strain of FRP -confined concrete compression members.

Freshwater shortage is an ongoing concern across the world, due to increasing populations and climate change. Vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) is a viable approach for producing fresh water to meet the needs of society. In the current study, an experimental investigation has been conducted on a laboratory-scale single-stage module to explore the impact of operational parameters such as feed temperature, vacuum pressure, and feed salinity on the performance of vacuum membrane distillation (VMD), including permeate flux, gained output ratio, and specific thermal energy consumption. Results show that increasing the feed temperature and feed flow rate, and reducing the salinity, increases the permeate flux. As the feed temperature rises from 60 to 70°C, the permeate flux increases from 1.90 to 4.36 kg/m²h at a permeate pressure of 12 kPa and salinity of 30 g/L. Similarly, increasing the vacuum pressure from 12 to 18 kPa reduces the permeate flux. As a result, the specific thermal energy consumption increases from 728 to 803 kWh/m³. From experimental findings, it was observed that the rejected brine from VMD retains sufficient energy that could be utilized in another desalination system.

The amount of waste tyres is expected to increase with the surge of vehicle ownership in Malaysia as tyres are vehicle vital components that require regular replacement. The improper disposal of waste tyres has generated environmental issues. Energy recovery through burning, recycling, and disposal in legal and illegal landfills are common methods in disposing of waste tyres in Malaysia. Studies show that waste tyres contain steel fibre that can be extracted and has the potential to be used in construction. In Malaysia, existing methods of material recovery are shredding and pyrolysis. The steel retrieved from waste tyres exhibits good adhesion with mechanical strength recorded up to 2165 MPa and a modulus of 300. However, the uneven shape, length, and geometry can lead to a balling effect when incorporated into concrete but with a proper mix proportion this issue can be managed. Addition of recycled steel fibre to concrete can enhance its structural strength and crack-bridging effect while the use of recycled steel fibre in hot mix asphalt can enhance its tensile strength and toughness. The utilisation of steel recovered from waste tyres presents an opportunity to address environmental concerns related to waste tyre disposal and its potential applications.

It is recorded that around 100 people per year die due to fishing boat accidents, the majority of whom are small fishermen with vessels under 10 GT. LoRa is a license-free power-saving long-distance communication technology that can send data packets of up to 15 km in the ocean. The longrange power can be used to determine the location of fishermen when an accident occurs at sea. This research aims to implement and test the performance of LoRa Ebyte E22-400T30D for sending coordinate data on fishermen’s whereabouts in the form of life jackets. The performance observed is the relationship between the distance and the RSSI value obtained. The tests were performed until the furthest distance was reached. The test was carried out at Pangandaran Beach, and the receiver was placed at an altitude of 129 m toward the beach. The data will be displayed and stored on the Thinger.io website. The test results obtained with the furthest distance achieved were 12.983 km with a battery life of 5.99 hours. The RSSI value obtained tended to worsen with increasing distance. Apart from the distance, it was also found that obstructions in the form of trees could reduce the RSSI value.

Anguilla bicolor is a highly economically valuable species of eel, whose cultivation needs to be carried out to the maximum. One of the factors supporting successful aquaculture is the optimal stocking density. The current calculation method for determining seedling quantity for stocking density is ineffective for large-scale cultivation. Therefore, in this study, an object-tracking-based calculation method using deep learning was applied to address this issue. Deep learning using YOLO v8 is an advanced method for counting and detecting objects including fish. This algorithm was used with the addition of the ByteTrack algorithm for object tracking and supervision for object counting. Object tracking is applied such that during seed counting, moving objects can be tracked and not counted repeatedly. Training was conducted on two datasets with different labels, namely the head and tail parts, using 300 epochs, 16 batches, and learning rate of 0,001 and 0,01. Based on the training results, the model with the head label has higher precision and recall than the tail-labelled model, with values of 0,91 and 0,93 respectively. The model performed well at a stocking density of 63 individuals/m², with accuracy and F1 scores of 90,91% and 0,95 respectively.

Skipjack and tuna species are crucial to Indonesia’s capture fisheries sector as they are the largest export commodities. These groups are diverse, and the identification and measurement of their length can be timeconsuming due to the abundance of caught fish and their morphological similarities. The objective of this study is to utilize an artificial intelligence algorithm to detect the species and estimate the length of four types of fish: bullet tuna (Auxis rochei), black skipjack (Euthynnus lineatus), mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis), and skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis). This algorithm will be implemented through a website. The YOLOv8-Pose deep learning model is employed to identify each fish species and estimate their length by determining keypoints. The dataset used consists of 148 images with rulers and 185 images of the four types of fish. Computer Vision Annotation Tool (CVAT) is used to assist in the labelling of the dataset, enabling the detection of boxes and keypoints. The labelled dataset is trained using Google Collaborator, resulting in the production of two model weights. Both models achieve an accuracy rate of 100%, as well as precision, recall, and an F1-score of 1. The coefficient value between the actual fish length and the detected fish length is 0.8649 or 86.5%, indicating a relationship between the two variables. To facilitate the identification, measurement, and storage of data in CSV format, a website is created using the Streamlit framework. In summary, the models accurately identify the limited number of datasets for Auxis rochei, Euthynnus lineatus, Euthynnus affinis, and Katsuwonus pelamis, and can provide estimates of fish length through the website.

Research on marine zooplankton in Indonesian waters was conducted in the 19th century. However, there is limited information regarding evaluating the research trends and notable scientists involved in this area. This study aims to know the research trend on marine zooplankton research in Indonesian waters. This study analyzed publications that were included in the Scopus database from 1900 to 2021. A systematic review was undertaken using a three-stage procedure including identification, screening, and final following PRISMA chart. The final list was analysed in terms of topics of research, keywoards, location, time of publication, and authorship.. We found that the research trend was changed. During the early stages of the study, there was a prevalent focus on studying both taxonomy copepods and parasite Copepods. However, in recent times, there has been a shift towards favoring the plankton ecology. Despite being a hotspot for marine biodiversity, Indonesia only had a few taxonomists, therefore it was overlooked when marine zooplankton was discovered in its seas. We also found that most of the new finding species come from copepods whereas the other taxa of zooplankton remain undescribed or misidentification. Additionally, young scientists pay less attention to the study of taxonomy. To address these problems, priority is given to intensive training for early-career scientists. Comprehensive approaches using morphological traits and genetic tools will solve this issue.

This study unveils the level of digital competencies among prospective teachers, their correlation with professional development, and relevant university programs. The research was conducted at a public educational university in East Java, Indonesia, and involved seven four-year undergraduate students who were interviewed in a semi-structured manner. The results indicate that the participants possess intermediate-level digital competencies, including information and data literacy, communication and collaboration, digital content creation, safety, and problem-solving. It is crucial for PSPTs to have digital competency as it can enhance the quality of learning activities and create an interactive physics learning environment. Additionally, universities that specialize in education can offer programs, such as digital competency-based courses, seminars, workshops, or internships, to help aspiring teachers improve their digital competencies. This research contributes to informing teacher education programs and guiding the integration of targeted training modules to enhance technological proficiency and professional development in realizing SDG 4.

Indonesia has many cultural riches in the form of traditional fabrics, one of which is woven fabrics. Woven fabrics from each region showcase distinctive motifs, manifesting the local community’s daily life, culture, natural conditions, and beliefs. The diverse weaving motifs pose a challenge in determining the origin of the woven fabrics. It highlights the necessity of a system to detect and identify woven fabrics. Texture analysis was performed using the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). A classification method based on a Support Vector Machine (SVM) consisting of four models: Linear SVM, Quadratic SVM, Cubic SVM, and Fine Gaussian SVM was developed in this research. The images of woven fabrics came from three regions in Indonesia: Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Nusa Tenggara. This research utilized 240 training images and 12 testing images. The testing results unveiled that the Cubic SVM model, which achieved a 100% accuracy rate in 1.0835s, was the optimum SVM model for the weaving classification.

This study explores Indonesia’s commitment to emission reduction targets outlined in the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and the Paris Agreement, with a specific focus on Sumatera Utara’s potential contributions. The province boasts extensive forested areas, mangroves, and sea territories, making it pivotal in achieving national goals. Sectors like commerce and agriculture in Sumatera Utara are actively participating in emission reduction efforts. The study introduces the Public-Private-Community Partnership (PPCP) approach, highlighting collaborative strategies among the government, private sector, and local communities. Additionally, the discussion emphasizes the importance of achieving zero carbon emissions and presents methods such as renewable energy, energy efficiency, clean technologies, and reforestation. The translation delves into the prerequisites and success factors for effective Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), concluding with insights into the Performance-Based Payment scheme (REDD+), showcasing its potential role in incentivizing emission reduction. Overall, the study underscores the imperative for multi-stakeholder collaboration in addressing climate change and realizing sustainable development goals in Sumatera Utara and Indonesia at large.

Aggregates occupy ±70% of the concrete volume and their quality must meet specifications. Concrete surfaces submerged in water for a long time cause concrete failure due to the reaction between aggregate and cement to form silica gel. The wear value of granite is less than gravel, so this study used granite as a substitute for coarse aggregate. This study was conducted to assess the resistance of SCC concrete with 0%, 25%, and 30% granite stone variations to alkali-silica reaction attack. The experimental method was applied to the study with ACI method mix design as well as 25 MPa plan fc'. Concrete cylinder samples 150 mm x 300 mm aged 28 days were used in the compressive strength test, alkali-silica reaction expansion test used mortar block samples 285 mm x 25 mm x 25 mm in 80±2˚C NaOH solution bath for 14 days. The optimum compressive strength of 32.17 MPa and the lowest percentage change in length of 0.04% was obtained by sample BG.25-SCC, indicating that granite stone is not reactive to silica alkali reaction because the percentage change in length

This study aims to determine the Asteraceae family's diversity, origin, and benefit in Kapopo Ngatabaru Great Forest Park, Central Sulawesi. The study was conducted in June 2023. The study used the exploration method. The results of this study found there are five species of Asteraceae in Kapopo Ngatabaru Great Forest Park: Chromolaena odorata, Porophyllum ruderale, Eleutheranthera ruderalis, Synedrella nodiflora, and Tridax procumbens. These five species are introduced species that have benefits as herbal medicine and pesticides.

There are several coffee pulping machines that are commonly used by farmers, but there are some drawbacks to these pulping machines. For example, a pulper machine with a large construction does not allow peeling in the coffee harvesting area. The purpose of this research is to design and build a prototype of a mobile wet coffee peeling machine (pulper). The research method used starts from design analysis. Furthermore, the data from the design analysis was used as the basis for making the prototype of the mobile pulper machine. The testing method used is based on functional tests, structural tests and mobility testing of the mobile pulper to see the feasibility of mobilizing the machine. The results of the study show that the coffee pulper can be mounted on a modified motorcycle frame. The peeling cylinder is rotated by power from the engine and uses a shaft extender as an additional shaft from the engine. The transmission system used is pulley and belt with the ratio of engine pulley and peeling cylinder which is 1:4. The engine rotation in the idle position is 1289 RPM which produces a peeling cylinder rotation of 279 RPM in the test without material and 204 RPM in the test with material. The hopper used is a built-in hopper with a volume of 0.028 m3 or 15 kg of coffee cherries for one filling. It can be concluded that the mobile pulper machine can be used for peeling in the coffee harvesting area.

Bunga Resky pineapple jam processing industry is located in Bantaeng Regency, which processes pineapples obtained from its own managed land. This industry has the potential with abundant fruit production during the harvest season. However, there are limitations related to the layout of the production facilities. The purpose of this research is to determine the pattern of development design in the pineapple jam processing industry at UKM Bunga Resky in Bantaeng Regency using Activity Relationship Chart (ARC) and BLOCPLAN. There are 20 altenative layout options generated by the BLOCPLAN method, with the layout selected based on the R-Score values approaching 1 and the lowost rail-dist score while considering the existing conditions in the industry. The selected layout is the layout 8, chosen because it has the best production flow suitability.

One of the uses of solar energy in agriculture is as a source of heat energy for dryers. Through the Kedaireka 2023 Matching Fund (MF) activity and in collaboration with the Independent Rural Agricultural Training Center (P4S) of Bukit Melintang, Sidrap Regency to develop a hybrid solar and LPG dryer. Thermal energy from the sun is obtained from a flat plate-type solar collector system. This research aims to obtain a flat plate-type solar collector system as an alternative heat source for hybrid dryers. The research was carried out to test the functional tool and determine its performance in converting solar energy into heat that can be used for drying equipment. The results of tests carried out on October 22, 2023, from 10.25 AM to 13.35 PM at the Agricultural Engineering Study Program, Hasanuddin University, with coordinates -5.131048, 119.485434 showed that the average environmental temperature was 36.5 °C, the highest temperature in the solar collector outlet was 57 °C which occurred at 11.15 – 11.40. and experienced a decrease in temperature until 13.35 to the lowest temperature of 42.5 °C. This shows that the solar collector can increase the temperature from 60 to 20.5 °C.

Rice is a commodity that has a strategic role in food security to meet the basic needs of the community. In Indonesia, rice is not only consumed as a staple food, but we often get rice processed into other food ingredients such as cakes. However, before becoming a cake, the rice is first processed into flour, which is usually called rice flour. Rice flour is flour that is widely used in Indonesia because it is low in protein and does not contain gluten. This study aims to determine the working capacity of the disc mill-type flour mill FFC-23. The research method used is to perform flouring by operating a disc mill-type FFC-23 flour machine and calculating the percentage of rice flour soaking. The results of this study indicate that the working capacity of the machine, where the working capacity of the 60 mesh sieve is higher than that of the 100 mesh sieve. This shows that the mesh size with the smallest value can optimize the performance of the FFC-23 disc mill-type flouring machine.

The COVID-19 pandemic began at the end of 2019 and quickly spread over the planet. It began in Jakarta, Indonesia, in the beginning of March 2020. Jakarta saw the greatest number of confirmed cases during the initial pandemic year due to its dense population. This has sparked worries about the responsiveness of the city’s healthcare systems and accessibility to healthcare, which is crucial for regulating the dynamics of illness and death. To address the need for hospital beds, a number of hospitals in Jakarta have been designated COVID-19 healthcare centers. Studies on healthcare accessibility are generally accessible, however there is a dearth of studies examining the effects of healthcare accessibility given the severity of the COVID-19 epidemic. In the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study intends to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of healthcare accessibility in relation to COVID-19 cases and its impact on case fatality rate (CFR). In order to compare the accessibility of COVID-19 healthcare with the monthly statistics of the COVID-19 infected population, two stages floating catchment area was adopted. Following the accessibility scores are analyzed using Product Moment Pearson correlation with the CFR to look at the relationship. This study’s findings indicate that there is only a weak negative link between healthcare accessibility and CFR, which is not statistically significant.

Internet of Things (IoT) has become an increasingly important technology in Agriculture, has revolutionized the agricultural industry by providing farmers with real-time data on crop yields, soil moisture, and weather patterns. This research aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in Scopus-based research on Internet of Things for Smart Agriculture over the last decade (2013-2022). A rigorous search method was used to identify IoT-related research publications in the Scopus database from 2013 to 2022. The study also identified research collaborations between various institutions, and countries and noted leading research contributions in this field. The top authors in this field are Kamienski, C., Suciu, G., and Debauche, O., while the top institutions are Vellore Institute of Technology, Universidade Federal do ABC, and Chandigarh University. The India, China, and United States were the most productive countries, with 356, 110, and 59 articles. The results of network visualization using VOSviewer found that there were 4 clusters based on their respective colours. The results of this study have the potential to provide valuable insights for scholars, practitioners, politicians, and funding organizations seeking to gain a comprehensive grasp of the current trends and objectives within this particular subject. The authors and institutions selected as the top performers in this study can provide excellent opportunities for cooperation and facilitate the acquisition of up-to-date knowledge in Smart Agriculture.

This research discusses the trends in machine learning (ML) applications for predicting ecosystem responses to environmental changes. A keyword search was conducted in the WoS database using Boolean operators to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles. The search focused on English-language documents published between 2014 and 2023, while excluding non-original articles. Bibliometric data, includingpublication trends, citation counts, author collaboration patterns, and keyword analysis, were extracted from 554 retrieved articles. The data was then analyzed and visualized using R and VOSViewer. The study highlights the significant growth in annual scientific production, reflecting a growing interest in thisinterdisciplinary field. Core concepts such as “climate change,” “biodiversity,” and “ecological responses” continue to receive significant attention, while contemporary themes like “variability,” “time-seriesanalysis,” and “organic matter” are emerging. Co-authorship networks demonstrate extensive collaborationsacross countries, with the United States and China playing prominent roles. The research topics have evolvedfrom “ecological responses” and “community” to a focus on “model,” “optimization,” and “performance,” with an emphasis on fine-tuning models to incorporate climate variability.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into renewable energy systems represents atransformative approach to addressing the challenges of energy sustainability and climate change. This paper conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the scientific production related to AI applications inrenewable energy, as indexed in Scopus over the last decade (2014-2023). The study identified research collaborations between various institutions, and countries and noted leading research contributions in this field. The famous authors in this specific field include of Olabi, A.G., Abdelkareem, M.A., and Zhou, Y., while the notable institutions include University of Sharjah, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, and Tsinghua University. The China, India, and United States were the most productive countries, with 103, 83, and 49 articles. The network visualisation analysis conducted with VOS viewer revealed the presence of 4 distinct clusters, each identified by its respective hue. The findings of this research have the capacity to offer significant understanding for academics, professionals, policymakers, and funding institutions aiming to get a comprehensive understanding of the present patterns and goals within this specific field. The findings obtained from this study offer a helpful structure for future research paths and emphasise the need for ongoing investment in Application of Artificial Intelligence to attain in Renewable Energy future.

The mangrove forest in Pasir Timbul, Sungsang IV Village, Banyuasin Regency, part of mangrove area within the Air Telang Protected Forest Area, is experiencing pressure from changes in land cover. A rapid survey to determine the vertebrate diversity in Pasir Timbul, at the tip of the Air Telang Protected Forest area was conducted in early June 2023. The purpose of the survey is to propose species priority in conservation within context species and habitat management plan. Vertebrate surveys were carried out rapidly using several methods adapted to certain taxa levels, namely amphibians and reptiles, fish, birds and mammals. Priority for fauna conservation in the Air Telang Protected Forest (study area) for reptiles: Crocodylus porosus (Protected under Indonesian law), Fishes: Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Endangered by IUCN), Birds: Anhinga melanogaster (Protected), Haliastur indus (Protected), Microhierax fringillarius (Protected), Rhipidura javanica (Protected), and Mammals including the long-tailed macaque Macaca fascicularis (Endangered), langurs Trachypithecus cristatus (Vulnerable), and Prionailurus sp. Conservation efforts need to be increased because this area as buffer zone of Berbak Sembilang National Park, having high carbon absorption, and provide a breeding ground for fish, shrimp and crabs. It is clear the site is habitat for various fauna (including protected ones), as well as other ecological functions such as breaking waves, resisting seawater intrusion and abrasion.

The coastline is constantly changing over time. The process of change that occurs continuously makes the coastline dynamic. Shorelines are vulnerable to changes caused by natural and human factors. One of the causes of shoreline changes due to natural factors is tidal flooding. Tidal floods cause abrasion of the coastline and create inundation on land. The coast of Meulaboh City has experienced tidal floods in 2020. The tidal floods that occur make the coastline abrasion and residential areas inundated. This study aims to determine the shoreline changes and the shoreline recovery process due to abrasion and accretion after tidal floods from 2020 to 2021. The shoreline in July 2019, 2020 and 2021 were analysed using DSAS tools to see horizontal shoreline changes. Measurement of the transverse profile of the beach was carried out 17 times in 12 transverse profiles. This measurement aims to map the profile condition after the tidal flood in July 2020. Measurement data for each profile was analysed using the EOF method to see vertical shoreline changes one year after the July 2020 tidal flood. Based on DSAS analysis, the shoreline conditions after tidal flooding (2019-2020) regressed with an average regression of 25.48 m and showed an accretion process after a year (2020-2021) with an average accretion of 14.38 m. Shoreline recovery due to tidal flooding can be seen well based on measurements for 1 (one) year and the results of Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. The recovery pattern is visible after 4 months of tidal flooding in July 2020. The beach profile tends to experience an accretion process in the 8th to 13th measurements and tends to experience abrasion in the 16th to 17th measurements. This shows that the accretion process on the transverse coastal profile is influenced by the east wind season, and the abrasion process generally occurs in the west wind season.

Most of the road pavement construction used in Indonesia is flexible pavement where the material consists of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, filler and asphalt. Currently, the fillers that are often used are rock ash, portland cement and lime. However, the filler used from these materials is relatively expensive, so there is a need for new innovations by using alternative materials that are more economical by utilizing community production waste materials in the form of nutmeg shell ash (ACP) produced from the process of burning nutmeg shells as filler. This research was conducted to determine the compressive strength of asphalt against the substitution of nutmeg shell ash (ACP) in the asphalt mixture as a partial replacement for cement with a percentage of 0%, 15%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% with the number of objects The planned tests in this researchs were 75 specimen weighting 1.200 grams/specimen. The results showed that the best composition for substitution of nutmeg shell ash (ACP) and portland cement (PC) at a composition of 15% ACP and 85% PC from the results of the study obtained a stability value of 929.04 kg and Bina Marga specifications ≥ 800 kg

Floods are one of the most destructive natural disasters. Dams are engineered structures built across rivers and streams to control water flow, primarily for purposes like water supply, hydroelectric power generation, and flood control. In the modern era, technological advancements and an enhanced understanding of hydrology have transformed dam operations within flood warning systems. Early warning systems for floods are founded on the principle of forecasting and alerting communities and authorities about imminent flood events. Keureuto Dam has multi-purpose benefits including to reduce flooding. The planned system includes sensors that record hydrological data (ARR and AWLR), equipment that receives the data recorded as well as a transmitter network from the sensors to the data center. in the Keureuto watershed, three AWLRs are planned to be installed upstream of the dam, one at the dam, seven AWLRs downstream of the dam. data from upstream is sent using a radio network, while from upstream it uses a cellular network. with a data center located at the dam.

This research aims to analyze morphometrics of (P. penicillatus) and (P. versicolor) in waters of Sabang. A total of 50 samples from each species of P. penicillatus and P. versicolor were used for morphometric analysis using Traditional Morphometric and Truss Morphometric approaches. Morphological analysis indicated that both lobster species are categorized into two distinct groups. Traditional morphometric character testing using ANOVA showed that species differences significantly influence the variation in morphological characters (P

Background: Hypertrophic scars are benign and fibrotic skin lesions caused by defects in the regulation of cellularity during the wound-healingprocess, in which there is higher collagen production and less degradation. Genetic predisposing factors and different skin injuries may play a role in developing these types of lesions. On the other hand, keloids are overgrowths of fibrous tissue outside the original boundaries of trauma, yet these may also occur spontaneously. There are numerous treatment options for both conditions, including silicone gel sheeting, pressure therapy, intralesional triamcinolone acetonide, radiation, laser therapy, cryosurgery, interferon, 5-fluorouracil, and surgical excision as well as a multitude of extracts and topical agents. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of pulse dye laser (PDL) therapy and superficial cryotherapy as a combination treatment for hypertrophic scars and keloids. Method: Four Arabic female patients were seen at the outpatient clinic of the Department of Dermatology at the King Fahd Hospital of the University in Khobar, Saudi Arabia. The patients had keloids and hypertrophic scars. Treatment with cryotherapy every week for three weeks followed by one session of pulsed dye laser was administered rotationally for three to six months until the lesions displayed remarkable physical improvement or complete resolution. Results: All patients experienced significant improvement, showing a reduction in the size, erythema, pliability, and pruritus. None of the hypertrophic scars or keloids deteriorated during the one year of treatment. No complications were noted during the treatment period. Conclusion: Sequential PDL therapy combined with superficial cryotherapy may be an option for treating hypertrophic scars and keloids.

Research and policy concerning the Syrian Canadian diaspora has not prioritized elders. This article adds to scholarship about the well-being of newcomers admitted via the Syrian Refugee Resettlement Initiative through a focus on grandmothers resettled within their multigenerational families. Using interviews and qualitative field research, we show how the authority and status these elder women once held in Syria may be undermined by their comparatively subordinate integration in Canada. Although new, post-migration configurations of power, care work, and community may present some opportunities, the burdens and dependencies of subordinate integration mostly constrain these elders from reclaiming their authority and status.

IntroductionWhile much of the literature on homelessness is centred on the experience of men, women make up over one-quarter of Canada’s homeless population. Research has shown that women experiencing homelessness are often hidden (i.e. provisionally housed) and have different pathways into homelessness and different needs as compared to men. The objective of this research is to identify evidence-based interventions and best practices to better support women experiencing or at risk of homelessness. MethodsWe conducted a scoping review with a gender and equity analysis. This involved searching MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and other databases for systematic reviews and randomized trials, supplementing our search through reference scanning and grey literature, followed by a qualitative synthesis of the evidence that examined gender and equity considerations. ResultsOf the 4102 articles identified on homelessness interventions, only 4 systematic reviews and 9 randomized trials were exclusively conducted on women or published disaggregated data enabling a gender analysis. Interventions with the strongest evidence included post-shelter advocacy counselling for women experiencing homelessness due to intimate partner violence, as well as case management and permanent housing subsidies (e.g. tenant-based rental assistance vouchers), which were shown to reduce homelessness, food insecurity, exposure to violence and psychosocial distress, as well as promote school stability and child well-being. ConclusionMuch of the evidence on interventions to better support women experiencing homelessness focusses on those accessing domestic violence or family shelters. Since many more women are experiencing or at risk of hidden homelessness, population-based strategies are also needed to reduce gender inequity and exposure to violence, which are among the main structural drivers of homelessness among women.

IntroductionBien qu’une grande partie de la littérature sur l’itinérance porte principalement sur l’expérience des hommes, les femmes forment plus du quart de la populationdes sans-abri au Canada. Des études ont montré que les femmes en situation d’itinérance sont souvent cachées (c. à.-d. qu’elles sont logées provisoirement) et qu’à la fois le parcours qui les a menées à l’itinérance et leurs besoins sont différents de ceux des hommes. Cette recherche vise à cibler des interventions fondées sur des données probantes et des pratiques exemplaires aptes à mieux soutenir les femmes en situation ou à risque d’itinérance. MéthodologieNous avons effectué un examen de la portée accompagné d’une analyse fondée sur le sexe et l’équité. Pour ce faire, nous avons effectué des recherches dans MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO et d’autres bases de données afin de sélectionner les revues systématiques et les essais randomisés. Nous avons complété ces recherches par un passage en revue des références et de la littérature grise puis nous avons effectué une synthèse qualitative des données probantes portant sur les éléments liés au genre et à l’équité. RésultatsDes 4102 articles axés sur les interventions auprès de sans-abri que nous avons recensés, seuls 4 revues systématiques et 9 essais randomisés portaient exclusivement sur des femmes ou contenaient des données désagrégées permettant d’effectuer une analyse comparative entre les sexes. Parmi les interventions comportant les données les plus solides, mentionnons le counseling sur la défense des intérêts des femmes qui, après un passage en refuge, se retrouvent en situation d’itinérance pour cause de violence familiale, ainsi que la gestion de cas et les subventions pour un logement fixe (comme des bons d’aide au logement pour les locataires). Chacune de ces interventions a permis non seulement de réduire l’itinérance, l’insécurité alimentaire, l’exposition à la violence, aux refuges, l’insécurité alimentaire et la détresse psychosociale mais aussi de promouvoir la stabilité scolaire et le bien-être des enfants. ConclusionDes 4102 articles axés sur les interventions auprès de sans-abri que nous avons recensés, seuls 4 revues systématiques et 9 essais randomisés portaient exclusivement sur des femmes ou contenaient des données désagrégées permettant d’effectuer une analyse comparative entre les sexes. Parmi les interventions comportant les données les plus solides, mentionnons le counseling sur la défense des intérêts des femmes qui, après un passage en refuge, se retrouvent en situation d’itinérance pour cause de violence familiale, ainsi que la gestion de cas et les subventions pour un logement fixe (comme des bons d’aide au logement pour les locataires). Chacune de ces interventions a permis non seulement de réduire l’itinérance, l’insécurité alimentaire, l’exposition à la violence, aux refuges, l’insécurité alimentaire et la détresse psychosociale mais aussi de promouvoir la stabilité scolaire et le bien-être des enfants.

The revitalization of green open space is becoming an increasingly critical issue in cities with dense populations. The population density in big cities causes the growth of slums and insufficient public utilities, one of which is the availability of green open space. The availability of green open space is required to satisfy every need of citizens for public spaces with multifunctional uses as a highly needed public space in the middle of limited urban space. Green open space can be used by the public to enjoy fresh air, as a healthy recreation area, a gathering place for residents, and for a variety of other purposes. However, there are major obstacles facing green open space today, which are not well maintained, and this is thought to be due to the surrounding community's lack of literacy on the importance of green open space, minimal aspects of green open space functionality, and residents' carrying capacity for green open space maintenance. It is intended that by incorporating the community in the planning, management, and maintenance stages in a participatory manner, it would result in the long-term usage of green open space, benefiting both the community and the environment.

Work stress can arise from within or from outside the organization, the cause of which is often felt by workers. Work stress is included in occupational diseases and generally comes from the amount or lack of understanding of the work. The purpose of this study is to diagnose work stress on employees in the HSE Department of the Concentrating Division of PT Freeport Indonesia, which is assessed through 6 aspects contained in the Regulation of the Minister of Manpower Number 5 of 2018. Type of research is semi-quantitative, with a cross-sectional research design. The research method uses a survey, and the sampling technique used is a saturated sample. The survey results show that the overall level of work stress on employees is 2.81. This value indicates that the level of work stress felt by employees of the HSE Division is classified as mild, because the score obtained is less than 9. The mean aspect of role ambiguity is 2.73; role conflict 2.76; quantitative work overload 2.75; qualitative work overload 2.87; career development 3; and responsibility towards others 2.74. Based on these values, it can be concluded that each employee of the HSE Department has high accountability from each function as well as the division of personal responsibility to regulate the determination of work priorities and rest periods. However, the majority of employees still feel that there are some tasks that are deemed unnecessary, the existence of high skill expectations from superiors, and the lack of opportunities for promotion or career development within the organization which can be a stressor in the department.

Schismatogobius marmoratus (Peters, 1868) was first described from Samar Island, Philippines. Known distributions from Taiwan, Japan, and Indonesia. We collected several specimens from June 2021 to August 2022 during field trips to the Pamboang River, Mosso River, and Leppangan River Majene Regency, West Sulawesi. This study aimed to report the distribution of S. marmoratus from West Sulawesi. Specimens were collected using an electro shocker 120 Volt and 10 amperes, hand nets mesh size 2 mm, and trap nets mesh size 1 mm. Morphometric measurements were taken from point to point using digital calipers with a precision of 0.01 mm. These records extend its occurrence and confirm its widespread distribution in Sulawesi. The discovery of several specimens in Sulawesi increased the urgency of research to determine the distribution and the conservation status of this species, currently listed as least concern (LC) in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list.

Methane as an anthropogenic gas has an effect on the atmosphere and can be used as an alternative natural gas using adsorbent material. This research aims to determine the impact of activation conditions on the surface of fibers for zeolite-A crystal growth utilized for CH4 adsorption. Glass fiber and pineapple fiber have been treated with an alkali used in this research. The concentration of NaOH and fiber immersion time determine the activation conditions. The activation process altered the crystallinity of the surface-deposited zeolite-A. Characterization by XRD and SEM revealed that zeolite-A covered the surface of those fibers when the NaOH concentration was 4M and the immersion time was 24 h. Thermal analysis revealed that the composite of zeolite-A/fibers undergoes two weight loss processes prior to achieving stability. The methane adsorption gravimetric measurements for zeolite-A supported glass fiber (glass wool) and pineapple fiber with high crystallinities are 4.644% wt and 3.461% wt, respectively.

Coastal flooding frequently occurs along the Northern Coast of Java due to the continuous land subsidence and sea level rise. On May 23rd, 2022, an extreme tidal flood happened and impacted a wide area around the central part of the Northern Coast of Java, with reports indicating that the inundated area was larger than that of typical flood events. Although several researchers have conducted local inundation mapping in various districts, comprehensive flood mapping of this event over a larger area has not yet been undertaken. Such study would benefit for hydraulic flood models. Therefore, this study aimed to map the coastal flood extent around the central part of the Northern Coast of Java using Sentinel-1 imagery data processed through the Google Earth Engine (GEE). The delineated inundation at several points was then compared with field observations from a previous study. The analysis suggests that Sentinel-1 is generally capable of estimating flood extent, although additional measures are necessary for mapping in densely populated urban areas. The findings indicate that the area inundated by the May 2022 flood was at least 5,562 hectares larger compared to the flooding in April 2022.